Cross-Scale Persistence Analysis of EM Side-Channels for Reference-Free Detection of Always-On Hardware Trojans

Always-on hardware Trojans pose a serious challenge to integrated circuit trust, as they remain active during normal operation and are difficult to detect in post-deployment settings without trusted golden references. This paper presents a reference-free detection framework based on cross-scale...

Reference-Free EM Validation Flow for Detecting Triggered Hardware Trojans

Hardware Trojans HTs threaten the trust and reliability of integrated circuits ICs, particularly when triggered HTs remain dormant during standard testing and activate only under rare conditions. Existing electromagnetic EM side-channel-based detection techniques often rely on golden references o...

Reference-Free Spectral Analysis of EM Side-Channels for Always-On Hardware Trojan Detection

Always-on hardware Trojans HTs pose a critical risk to trusted microelectronics, yet most side-channel detection methods rely on unavailable golden references. We present a reference-free approach that combines time-frequency EM analysis with Gaussian Mixture Models GMMs. By applying Short-Time...

CONTEX-T: Contextual Privacy Exploitation Via Transformer Spectral Analysis for IoT Device Fingerprinting

The rapid expansion of internet of things IoT devices have created a pervasive ecosystem where encrypted wireless communications serve as the primary privacy and security protection mechanism. While encryption effectively protects message content, packet metadata and statistics inadvertently expo...