Notes

Security Engineering at Google: My Interview Study Notes By nolang I am a security engineer at Google and these are the notes from when I was studying for the interviews. This is my first job in security and a lot of people have asked me how I studied. My notes consist mostly of a list of terms a...

CVE-2026-41940

CVE-2026-41940 ✅ Script analysis what the scanner does and how ✅ Root cause technical explanation the CRLF/Session.pm diff ✅ Prevention — patch commands, secure coding lessons ✅ Mitigation — firewall rules, WAF config, hardening ✅ IOC hunting — detecting if you were already hit ✅ VaPT methodology...

CVE-2021-44228---Log4Shell-Analysis

🔥 Log4Shell CVE-2021-44228 Analysis A comprehensive technical analysis of the Log4Shell vulnerability CVE-2021-44228, one of the most critical vulnerabilities in modern software history. 📖 Overview This repository contains an in-depth analysis of the Log4Shell vulnerability in Apache Log4j2,...

Follina-Vulnerability-CVE-2022-30190-Exploit-Analysis

Follina-Vulnerability-CVE-2022-30190-Exploit-Analysis Exploration of the Follina CVE-2022-30190 Microsoft Office vulnerability, including a detailed analysis, proof-of-concept exploitation in a controlled lab, and mitigation strategies. For educational and research purposes only...

ORBIT: A Framework for Multi-Agent Safety and Security Evaluations

Multi-agent LLM systems are increasingly deployed for complex, long-horizon tasks or emerge as a natural consequence of agents interacting in the wild. Yet they give rise to significant safety and security risks: the flexible protocols that enable task generalization also expose novel threats, fr...

CVE-2026-77425

Unleash is an open-source feature management platform. Prior to 8.0.3, POST /api/admin/projects/:projectId/features/:featureName/environments/:environment/strategies/set-sort-order passes attacker-controlled strategy IDs to unprotectedUpdateStrategiesSortOrder and updateSortOrder without verifyin...

PT-2026-97050

Name of the Vulnerable Software and Affected Versions Unleash versions prior to 8.0.3 Description The admin API contains five authorization issues. A missing await keyword in the POST /api/admin/segments/strategies endpoint allows authenticated users to modify segment assignments without the...

PT-2026-97049

Name of the Vulnerable Software and Affected Versions Unleash versions prior to 8.0.3 Description An authorization bypass exists in the feature management platform where the system fails to verify if strategy IDs provided in a request body belong to the project, feature, and environment specified...

CVE-2026-92087: Improper Authorization

@fastify/auth is a Fastify plugin that composes multiple authentication and authorization strategies into a single route guard. In versions 5.0.0 through 5.1.0, when strategies are composed with the relation "or" option together with the run "all" option and one entry is a nested array acting as ...

You Get What You Sample: Evaluating Sampling Strategies for Web Security Measurements

Web measurement studies rely on domain datasets such as Tranco to quantify the prevalence and impact of security issues at scale, but exhaustively analyzing these datasets is often infeasible because of the cost of advanced analysis techniques, requiring the use of sampling. Despite its widesprea...

Black Hat USA 2024 Conference Slides

Black Hat USA 2024 conference slides for topics Self-Hosted GitHub CI/CD Runners: Continuous Integration, Continuous Destruction, From Weapon to Target: Quantum Computers Paradox, Listen Up: Sonos Over-The-Air Remote Kernel Exploitation and Covert Wiretap, Windows Downdate: Downgrade Attacks Usin...

From Prompt Injection to Web Exploitation: Revisiting Classic Vulnerabilities in LLM-Integrated Applications

Large Language Models are increasingly integrated into web applications through chatbots, tool-calling pipelines, and agentic workflows. In these systems, user input may influence not only generated text, but also backend actions such as database queries, HTTP requests, file operations, template...

Delay Attacks on the German Smart Metering Infrastructure: A Security Analysis of CLS Channel Timing Constraints

This work analyzes the feasibility of delay attacks on control signals transmitted via the Controllable Local System CLS channel of the German Smart Metering Infrastructure SMI. It combines theoretical analysis with experimental validation under a threat model aligned to the Common Criteria...

When Agents Learn to Be You: Benchmarking Privacy Leakage, Impersonation Risk, and Defenses in Persona Skills

Persona skills distill personal interaction histories into portable and executable artifacts for downstream agents. While enabling flexible personalization, this process concentrates fragmented personal signals, amplifies their impact through reuse, and challenges defenses designed for individual...

Stateful Cooperative Agents Safeguarding LLMs against Evolving Multi-Turn Attacks

As LLMs become increasingly integrated into complex applications, their vulnerability to adversarial attacks has raised significant concerns. However, existing defenses remain reactive in nature. This limitation makes it difficult for them to counter sophisticated threats, as adversaries...

Bending the Curve: Operational Cyber Epidemiology for Ransomware

Ransomware is often treated as a detection problem, but the most disruptive incidents behave more like outbreaks. A single foothold can spread through identities, administrative tools, and shared services while responders make time-critical decisions with incomplete visibility. This paper present...

When LLM Defenses Backfire: Characterizing Safety, Performance, and Cost Trade-Offs

Jailbreak defenses are essential for protecting large language models LLMs, but they can also introduce secondary costs that weaken model utility. We present a systematic study of these defense trade-offs along three dimensions: performance impact, over-refusal on benign inputs, and inference cos...

The Illusion of Secure LLM Code: Closing the Security Gap Via Iterative Reprompting

Large Language Models LLMs are increasingly integrated into software development workflows, yet their ability to autonomously generate secure authentication code remains uncertain. This paper evaluates the security architecture of authentication systems generated by five prominent AI coding...

Measuring and Evaluating the Performance of Generative AI Models for Scam Detection

Online scams continue to cause substantial financial and personal harm. As a result, detection systems based on Large Language Models LLMs have been integrated into security products ranging from email gateways and browser extensions to fraud-monitoring dashboards. As this adoption accelerates, a...

Bad Memory: Evaluating Prompt Injection Risks from Memory in Agentic Systems

A growing class of agentic systems maintain persistent state across sessions through memory files, behavioral preferences, and knowledge bases. While this makes agents more useful and self-improving, it also creates a new attack surface for prompt injections in which malicious instructions can be...