HSMLog: Small Language Model-Assisted Hardware Security Module Log Anomaly Detection with Behavioral Analysis

Hardware Security Module HSM logs capture security-critical behavior, but anomalies emerge from relationships across event sequences, keys, object states, sessions, and temporal patterns rather than isolated events. Existing methods separate detection from HSM-specific evidence validation and...

Structured Driving-State Narratives for Small Language Model-Based GNSS Spoofing Detection

Autonomous vehicles AVs depend on reliable Global Navigation Satellite System GNSS positioning. However, spoofed GNSS signals can induce plausible but incorrect vehicle states. This study develops a small language model SLM-based framework for detecting and classifying GNSS spoofing attacks by...

Lean and Mean: How We Fine-Tuned a Small Language Model for Secret Detection in Code

Building an efficient small language model for cybersecurity, from data prep to deployment...