SoK: Machine Unlearning for Large Language Models

Large language model LLM unlearning has become a critical topic in machine learning, aiming to eliminate the influence of specific training data or knowledge without retraining the model from scratch. A variety of techniques have been proposed, including Gradient Ascent, model editing, and...

EarthOL: a Proof-Of-Human-Contribution Consensus Protocol -- Addressing Fundamental Challenges in Decentralized Value Assessment with Enhanced Verification and Security Mechanisms

This paper introduces EarthOL, a novel consensus protocol that attempts to replace computational waste in blockchain systems with verifiable human contributions within bounded domains. While recognizing the fundamental impossibility of universal value assessment, we propose a domain-restricted...

Blockchain Technology: Core Mechanisms, Evolution, and Future Implementation Challenges

Blockchain technology has emerged as one of the most transformative digital innovations of the 21st century. This paper presents a comprehensive review of blockchain's fundamental architecture, tracing its development from Bitcoin's initial implementation to current enterprise applications. We...

AI-Based Crypto Tokens: the Illusion of Decentralized AI?

The convergence of blockchain and artificial intelligence AI has led to the emergence of AI-based tokens, which are cryptographic assets designed to power decentralized AI platforms and services. This paper provides a comprehensive review of leading AI-token projects, examining their technical...

Comparative Analysis of AI-Driven Security Approaches in DevSecOps: Challenges, Solutions, and Future Directions

The integration of security within DevOps, known as DevSecOps, has gained traction in modern software development to address security vulnerabilities while maintaining agility. Artificial Intelligence AI and Machine Learning ML have been increasingly leveraged to enhance security automation, thre...