Satellite Cybersecurity across Orbital Altitudes: Analyzing Ground-Based Threats to LEO, MEO, and GEO

The rapid proliferation of satellite constellations, particularly in Low Earth Orbit LEO, has fundamentally altered the global space infrastructure, shifting the risk landscape from purely kinetic collisions to complex cyber-physical threats. While traditional safety frameworks focus on debris...

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Unencrypted Flying Objects: Security Lessons from University Small Satellite Developers and Their Code

Satellites face a multitude of security risks that set them apart from hardware on Earth. Small satellites may face additional challenges, as they are often developed on a budget and by amateur organizations or universities that do not consider security. We explore the security practices and...

The Hacking of Starlink Terminals Has Begun

It cost a researcher only $25 worth of parts to create a tool that allows custom code to run on the satellite dishes...

Securing Space 4.0 – One Small Step or a Giant Leap? - Part 2

ARCHIVED STORY Securing Space 4.0 – One Small Step or a Giant Leap? Part 2 By Eoin Carroll · September 30, 2020 McAfee Advanced Threat Research ATR is collaborating with Cork Institute of Technology CIT and its Blackrock Castle Observatory BCO and the National Space Center in Cork, Ireland. In th...

What Did We Learn from the Global GPS Collapse?

On April 6, 2019, a ten-bit counter rolled over. The counter, a component of many older satellites, marks the weeks since Jan 1, 1980. It rolled over once before, in the fall of 1999. That event was inconsequential because few complex systems relied on GPS. Now, more systems rely on accurate time...