Benchmarking Post-Quantum Cryptography on Resource-Constrained IoT Devices: ML-KEM and ML-DSA on ARM Cortex-M0+

The migration to post-quantum cryptography is urgent for Internet of Things devices with 10-20 year lifespans, yet no systematic benchmarks exist for the finalised NIST standards on the most constrained 32-bit processor class. This paper presents the first isolated algorithm-level benchmarks of...