CVE-2025-61780

Rack is a modular Ruby web server interface. Prior to versions 2.2.20, 3.1.18, and 3.2.3, a possible information disclosure vulnerability existed in "Rack::Sendfile" when running behind a proxy that supports "x-sendfile" headers such as Nginx. Specially crafted headers could cause "Rack::Sendfile...

Puma's header normalization allows for client to clobber proxy set headers

Impact Clients could clobber values set by intermediate proxies such as X-Forwarded-For by providing a underscore version of the same header X-ForwardedFor. Any users trusting headers set by their proxy may be affected. Attackers may be able to downgrade connections to HTTP non-SSL or redirect...