Unveiling the Black Box: a Multi-Layer Framework for Explaining Reinforcement Learning-Based Cyber Agents

Reinforcement Learning RL agents are increasingly used to simulate sophisticated cyberattacks, but their decision-making processes remain opaque, hindering trust, debugging, and defensive preparedness. In high-stakes cybersecurity contexts, explainability is essential for understanding how...

Observable Response Discrepancy

Overview Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Observable Response Discrepancy due to the timing analysis of post-login API responses. An attacker can determine if a specific user account exists by observing the response times. Remediation Upgrade Umbraco.Cms.Core to version 10.8.10...

CVE-2025-46272

creationtimestamp| type| source ---|---|--- 2025-04-24 10:00:00+00:00| seen| https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-25-114-06 2025-04-25 00:19:54+00:00| seen| https://bsky.app/profile/cve.skyfleet.blue/post/3lnlx7ktjya2r 2025-04-25 01:30:05+00:00| seen|...

GO-2025-3618 Mattermost vulnerable to Observable Timing Discrepancy in github.com/mattermost/mattermost-plugin-msteams

Mattermost vulnerable to Observable Timing Discrepancy in github.com/mattermost/mattermost-plugin-msteams. NOTE: The source advisory for this report contains additional versions that could not be automatically mapped to standard Go module versions. If this is causing false-positive reports from...

Mattermost vulnerable to Observable Timing Discrepancy

Mattermost Plugin MSTeams versions 2.1.0 and Mattermost Server versions 10.5.x =10.5.1 with the MS Teams plugin enabled fail to perform constant time comparison on a MSTeams plugin webhook secret which allows an attacker to retrieve the webhook secret of the MSTeams plugin via a timing attack...

CVE-2024-56476

IBM TXSeries for Multiplatforms 9.1 and 11.1 could allow an attacker to enumerate usernames due to an observable login attempt response discrepancy...

CVE-2024-56476

IBM TXSeries for Multiplatforms 9.1 and 11.1 could allow an attacker to enumerate usernames due to an observable login attempt response discrepancy...

Security Bulletin: IBM InfoSphere Information Server is vulnerable due to an observable response discrepancy (CVE-2024-51477)

Summary An observable response discrepancy vulnerability in IBM InfoSphere Information Server was addressed. Vulnerability Details CVEID:CVE-2024-51477 DESCRIPTION: IBM InfoSphere Information Server could allow an authenticated to obtain sensitive username information due to an observable respons...

CVE-2025-1101

A CWE-204 "Observable Response Discrepancy" in the login page in Q-Free MaxTime less than or equal to version 2.11.0 allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to enumerate valid usernames via crafted HTTP requests...

CVE-2025-1101

A CWE-204 "Observable Response Discrepancy" in the login page in Q-Free MaxTime less than or equal to version 2.11.0 allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to enumerate valid usernames via crafted HTTP requests...

CVE-2025-1101

CVE-2025-1101 affects Q-Free MaxTime <= 2.11.0. A CWE-204 vulnerability in the login page allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to enumerate valid usernames via crafted HTTP requests. The issue is triggered by an observable response discrepancy in the authentication flow, enabling user enu...

CVE-2025-1101

A CWE-204 "Observable Response Discrepancy" in the login page in Q-Free MaxTime less than or equal to version 2.11.0 allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to enumerate valid usernames via crafted HTTP requests...

CVE-2024-36510

An observable response discrepancy vulnerability CWE-204 in FortiClientEMS 7.4.0, 7.2.0 through 7.2.4, 7.0 all versions, and FortiSOAR 7.5.0, 7.4.0 through 7.4.4, 7.3.0 through 7.3.2, 7.2 all versions, 7.0 all versions, 6.4 all versions may allow an unauthenticated attacker to enumerate valid use...

CVE-2024-13198 langhsu Mblog Blog System login observable response discrepancy

A vulnerability classified as problematic has been found in langhsu Mblog Blog System 3.5.0. Affected is an unknown function of the file /login. The manipulation leads to observable response discrepancy. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The complexity of an attack is rather high. The...

CVE-2024-13198

CVE-2024-13198 affects langhsu Mblog Blog System 3.5.0. The vulnerability is in an unknown function of the file /login , causing an observable response discrepancy. It can be exploited remotely, with attack complexity described as high. Exploit has been disclosed publicly. Vendor response to disc...

CVE-2024-13198 langhsu Mblog Blog System login observable response discrepancy

A vulnerability classified as problematic has been found in langhsu Mblog Blog System 3.5.0. Affected is an unknown function of the file /login. The manipulation leads to observable response discrepancy. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The complexity of an attack is rather high. The...

CVE-2024-13028 Antabot White-Jotter login observable response discrepancy

A vulnerability, which was classified as problematic, has been found in Antabot White-Jotter up to 0.2.2. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file /login. The manipulation of the argument username leads to observable response discrepancy. The attack may be initiated remotely. The...

CVE-2024-13028 Antabot White-Jotter login observable response discrepancy

A vulnerability, which was classified as problematic, has been found in Antabot White-Jotter up to 0.2.2. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file /login. The manipulation of the argument username leads to observable response discrepancy. The attack may be initiated remotely. The...

CVE-2024-54454

An issue was discovered in Kurmi Provisioning Suite before 7.9.0.35, 7.10.x through 7.10.0.18, and 7.11.x through 7.11.0.15. An Observable Response Discrepancy vulnerability in the sendPasswordReinitLink action of the unlogged.do page allows remote attackers to test whether a username is valid or...

CVE-2024-54454

An issue was discovered in Kurmi Provisioning Suite before 7.9.0.35, 7.10.x through 7.10.0.18, and 7.11.x through 7.11.0.15. An Observable Response Discrepancy vulnerability in the sendPasswordReinitLink action of the unlogged.do page allows remote attackers to test whether a username is valid or...