Atomicity for Agents: Exposing, Exploiting, and Mitigating TOCTOU Vulnerabilities in Browser-Use Agents

Browser-use agents are widely used for everyday tasks. They enable automated interaction with web pages through structured DOM based interfaces or vision language models operating on page screenshots. However, web pages often change between planning and execution, causing agents to execute action...

Owner can takeover funds meant for distribution

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact By calling sweep function at correct moment, Owner can transfer more than required tokenOut token which were meant to be distributed to users. Proof of Concept 1. Observe the sweep function function sweepaddress token external gacPausable nonReentrant...