BLAKE3

BLAKE3 BLAKE3 is a cryptographic hash function that is: Much faster than MD5, SHA-1, SHA-2, SHA-3, and BLAKE2. Secure , unlike MD5 and SHA-1. And secure against length extension, unlike SHA-2. Highly parallelizable across any number of threads and SIMD lanes, because it's a Merkle tree on the...

permanet

Permanet Cryptographically verifiable web archiving. Submit a URL, get a rendered capture with a SHA-256 Merkle hash anchored to Bitcoin via OpenTimestamps and permanently stored on Arweave. Anyone can verify a capture independently using only the hash and the Bitcoin blockchain. No trust in...

codecrypt

Codecrypt ポスト量子暗号ツール。 Codecrypt は現在メンテナンスされていませんが、私は今も問題なく使用しています。開発やメンテナンスに興味があれば、私に連絡してください。 概要 これは GnuPG ライクな Unix プログラムで、暗号化と署名に量子コンピュータ耐性のあるアルゴリズムのみを使用します: McEliece 暗号システム コンパクトな QC-MDPC 変種 を暗号化に使用 ハッシュベースの Merkle ツリーアルゴリズム FMTSeq 変種 をデジタル署名に使用 Codecrypt はフリーソフトウェアです。コードは LGPL3...

CVE-2026-90262

CVE-2026-90262 affects the Linux kernel's btrfs filesystem in its handling of dm-verity Merkle tree pages . The root cause is in btrfs_read_merkle_tree_page(), which treats a not-uptodate folio found in the page cache as a permanent read error (-EIO). This makes a prior transient I/O failure stic...

Network Impact of Post-Quantum Certificate Chain Sizes on Time to First Byte in TLS Deployments

Post-Quantum Cryptography PQC is a rapidly growing deployment challenge as cryptographically relevant quantum computers CRQC continue to advance, leaving traditional cryptographic algorithms used in X.509 vulnerable to attack. However, PQC introduces significant deployment challenges in real-worl...

Merkle Tree Certificate Post-Quantum PKI for Kubernetes and Cloud-Native 5G/B5G Core

Post-quantum signature schemes such as ML-DSA-65 produce signatures of 3,309 bytes and public keys of 1,952 bytes over 50 times larger than classical Ed25519. In TLS-authenticated environments like Kubernetes control planes and 5G Core networks, where every inter-component connection is mutually...

Google Develops Merkle Tree Certificates to Enable Quantum-Resistant HTTPS in Chrome

Google has announced a new program in its Chrome browser to ensure that HTTPS certificates are secure against the future risk posed by quantum computers. "To ensure the scalability and efficiency of the ecosystem, Chrome has no immediate plan to add traditional X.509 certificates containing...

ShieldMMU: Detecting and Defending against Controlled-Channel Attacks in Shielding Memory System

Intel SGX and hypervisors isolate non-privileged programs from other software, ensuring confidentiality and integrity. However, side-channel attacks continue to threaten Intel SGX's security, enabling malicious OS to manipulate PTE present bits, induce page faults, and steal memory access traces...

SUSE CVE-2025-49600

In MbedTLS 3.3.0 before 3.6.4, mbedtlslmsverify may accept invalid signatures if hash computation fails and internal errors go unchecked, enabling LMS Leighton-Micali Signature forgery in a fault scenario. Specifically, unchecked return values in mbedtlslmsverify allow an attacker who can induce ...

DEBIAN-CVE-2025-49600

In MbedTLS 3.3.0 before 3.6.4, mbedtlslmsverify may accept invalid signatures if hash computation fails and internal errors go unchecked, enabling LMS Leighton-Micali Signature forgery in a fault scenario. Specifically, unchecked return values in mbedtlslmsverify allow an attacker who can induce ...

Malicious code in oz-merkle-tree (PyPI)

--- -= Per source details. Do not edit below this line.=- Source: kam193 732a4768703da4c9eb31465258c2df9b93dcfcf2811b78c72b62d9dbf9b10053 The package is designed to exfiltrate basic data, like hostname and OS details, as well as collect information about the stacktrace it's imported from. ---...

MAL-2024-10100 Malicious code in oz-merkle-tree (PyPI)

--- -= Per source details. Do not edit below this line.=- Source: kam193 732a4768703da4c9eb31465258c2df9b93dcfcf2811b78c72b62d9dbf9b10053 The package is designed to exfiltrate basic data, like hostname and OS details, as well as collect information about the stacktrace it's imported from. ---...

ONLY THE LAST DISPUTE IS CONSIDERED UNRESOLVED IN THE Distributor CONTRACT

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact The Distributor.disputeTree function is used to freeze the Merkle tree update until the dispute is resolved. This is done by setting the disputer state variable to msg.sender. disputeTree is an external function which can be called by anyone by providing...

The merkle tree might be revoked again after being used to claim rewards.

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact The merkle tree might be revoked again after being used to claim rewards. Proof of Concept The governor can revoke the merkle tree using revokeTree. function revokeTree external onlyGovernorOrGuardian if disputer != address0 revert UnresolvedDispute;...

Poor detection of disputed trees allows claiming tokens from a disputed tree

Lines of code Vulnerability details Targets Impact Users can claim rewards from a Merkle tree that's being disputed. This can potentially lead to loss of funds since a malicious trusted EOA can claim funds from a malicious tree while it's being disputed. Proof of Concept The...

Improper Input Validation

@openzeppelin/contracts and @openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable are vulnerable to Improper Input Validation. If a contract uses multiproofs for verification and the merkle tree processing includes a node with value 0 at depth 1, then the contract may be insecure. Balanced trees with three or fewe...

OpenZeppelin Contracts using MerkleProof multiproofs may allow proving arbitrary leaves for specific trees

Impact When the verifyMultiProof, verifyMultiProofCalldata, processMultiProof, or processMultiProofCalldata functions are in use, it is possible to construct merkle trees that allow forging a valid multiproof for an arbitrary set of leaves. A contract may be vulnerable if it uses multiproofs for...

CVE-2023-34459

OpenZeppelin Contracts is a library for smart contract development. Starting in version 4.7.0 and prior to version 4.9.2, when the verifyMultiProof, verifyMultiProofCalldata, procesprocessMultiProof, or processMultiProofCalldat functions are in use, it is possible to construct merkle trees that...

CVE-2023-34459

OpenZeppelin Contracts (versions 4.7.0–4.9.1) are affected by a multiproof forgery issue when using verifyMultiProof/verifyMultiProofCalldata/processMultiProof/processMultiProofCalldata. If the merkle tree includes a node with value 0 at depth 1 under the root, a adversarial or certain benign tre...

CVE-2023-34459 OpenZeppelin Contracts's MerkleProof multiproofs may allow proving arbitrary leaves for specific trees

OpenZeppelin Contracts is a library for smart contract development. Starting in version 4.7.0 and prior to version 4.9.2, when the verifyMultiProof, verifyMultiProofCalldata, procesprocessMultiProof, or processMultiProofCalldat functions are in use, it is possible to construct merkle trees that...