CVE-2026-54496 Missing copy constraint in halo2_gadgets variable-base scalar multiplication allows under-constrained base, breaking Orchard Action circuit soundness

ZEBRA is a Zcash node written entirely in Rust. Prior to zebrad 5.0.0, halo2gadgets 0.5.0, orchard 0.14.0, zcashprimitives 0.28.0, and zcashd 6.20.0, the variable-base scalar multiplication gadget in halo2gadgets/src/ecc/chip/mul/incomplete.rs used assignadvice for the base point without a copy...

CVE-2026-40323

SP1 is a zero‑knowledge virtual machine that proves the correct execution of programs compiled for the RISC-V architecture. In versions 6.0.0 through 6.0.2, a soundness vulnerability in the SP1 V6 recursive shard verifier allows a malicious prover to construct a recursive proof from a shard proof...

GHSA-G3QG-6746-3MG9 zkVM Underconstrained Vulnerability

Due to a missing constraint in the rv32im circuit, any 3-register RISC-V instruction including remu and divu in risc0-zkvm 2.0.0, 2.0.1, and 2.0.2 are vulnerable to an attack by a malicious prover. The main idea for the attack is to confuse the RISC-V virtual machine into treating the value of th...

CVE-2025-52484

The CVE concerns risc0-zkvm prior to version 2.1.0. A missing constraint in the rv32im circuit allows a malicious prover to exploit any 3-register RISC-V instruction (e.g., remu, divu) by making rs1 appear equal to rs2, potentially compromising zkVM computations. Affected releases: risc0-zkvm 2.0...

CVE-2025-52484

RISC Zero is a general computing platform based on zk-STARKs and the RISC-V microarchitecture. Due to a missing constraint in the rv32im circuit, any 3-register RISC-V instruction including remu and divu in risc0-zkvm 2.0.0, 2.0.1, and 2.0.2 are vulnerable to an attack by a malicious prover. The...

BlueRiSC WindowsSCOPE Cyber Forensics: Data Forgery Vulnerability

BlueRiSC WindowsSCOPE Cyber Forensics is a GUI-based memory forensic capture and analysis toolkit from BlueRiSC. BlueRiSC WindowsSCOPE Cyber Forensics suffers from a Data Forgery Issue vulnerability that stems from a lack of constraints in the rv32im circuit, which could lead to a malicious prove...

CVE-2025-52484: Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity

RISC Zero is a general computing platform based on zk-STARKs and the RISC-V microarchitecture. Due to a missing constraint in the rv32im circuit, any 3-register RISC-V instruction including remu and divu in risc0-zkvm 2.0.0, 2.0.1, and 2.0.2 are vulnerable to an attack by a malicious prover. The...

OpenVM allows the byte decomposition of pc in AUIPC chip to overflow

The fix to https://cantina.xyz/code/c486d600-bed0-4fc6-aed1-de759fd29fa2/findings/21 has a typo that still results in the highest limb of pc being range checked to 8-bits instead of 6-bits. In the AIR, we do...

GHSA-JF2R-X3J4-23M7 OpenVM allows the byte decomposition of pc in AUIPC chip to overflow

The fix to https://cantina.xyz/code/c486d600-bed0-4fc6-aed1-de759fd29fa2/findings/21 has a typo that still results in the highest limb of pc being range checked to 8-bits instead of 6-bits. In the AIR, we do...

CVE-2025-46723

OpenVM (version 1.0.0) contains a vulnerability in the AUIPC chip path where pc limb decomposition overflows due to a off-by-one typo in the 8-bit vs 6-bit check. The root cause is a mis-specified enumeration in the pc_limbs loop, causing pc_limbs[3] to be checked with 8-bit bounds instead of 6-b...

CVE-2025-46723: Incorrect Calculation of Buffer Size

OpenVM is a performant and modular zkVM framework built for customization and extensibility. In version 1.0.0, OpenVM is vulnerable to overflow through byte decomposition of pc in AUIPC chip. A typo results in the highest limb of pc being range checked to 8-bits instead of 6-bits. This results in...

OpenVM security vulnerabilities

OpenVM is an OpenVM open source high performance and modular zkVM framework built for customization and extensibility. A security vulnerability exists in OpenVM version 1.0.0, which stems from a pc byte decomposition overflow in the AUIPC chip, which could lead to a malicious prover causing the...

GHSA-HJ49-H7FQ-PX5H Soundness issue with Plonky2 look up tables

Impact Lookup tables, whose length is not divisible by 26 = floornumroutedwires / 3 always include the 0 - 0 input-output pair. Thus a malicious prover can always prove that f0 = 0 for any lookup table f unless its length happens to be divisible by 26. The cause of problem is that the...

Soundness issue with Plonky2 look up tables

Impact Lookup tables, whose length is not divisible by 26 = floornumroutedwires / 3 always include the 0 - 0 input-output pair. Thus a malicious prover can always prove that f0 = 0 for any lookup table f unless its length happens to be divisible by 26. The cause of problem is that the...

CVE-2025-24802

Summary of CVE-2025-24802 (Plonky2) : The vulnerability stems from padding zeroes in the LookupTableGate mechanism in Plonky2, where lookup tables whose length is not divisible by 26 (computed as floor(num_routed_wires/3)) will always include the 0 -> 0 input-output pair. This allows a malicio...

CVE-2025-24802 Soundness issue with Plonky2 look up tables

Plonky2 is a SNARK implementation based on techniques from PLONK and FRI. Lookup tables, whose length is not divisible by 26 = floornumroutedwires / 3 always include the 0 - 0 input-output pair. Thus a malicious prover can always prove that f0 = 0 for any lookup table f unless its length happens ...

Plonky2 security vulnerability

Plonky2 is a repository open-sourced by Polygon Zero. A security vulnerability exists in Plonky2, which stems from the zero-padding mechanism originating from LookupTableGate, and could lead to a malicious prover proving that f0 = 0...

CVE-2025-24802: Use of a Cryptographic Primitive with a Risky Implementation

Plonky2 is a SNARK implementation based on techniques from PLONK and FRI. Lookup tables, whose length is not divisible by 26 = floornumroutedwires / 3 always include the 0 - 0 input-output pair. Thus a malicious prover can always prove that f0 = 0 for any lookup table f unless its length happens ...

ismp-grandpa crate accepted incorrect signatures

A critical vulnerability was discovered in the ismp-grandpa crate, that allowed a malicious prover easily convince the verifier of the finality of arbitrary headers. Description The vulnerability manifests as a verifer that only accepts incorrect signatures of Grandpa precommits and was introduce...