Belkin F9K1122 安全漏洞

The Belkin F9K1122 is a WiFi signal extender. The Belkin F9K1122 suffers from a stack buffer overflow vulnerability that originates from the incorrect manipulation of the parameter L2TPUserName in the file /goform/formL2TPSetup, for which no detailed vulnerability details are provided at this tim...

SUSE CVE-2025-38184

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: tipc: fix null-ptr-deref when acquiring remote ip of ethernet bearer The reproduction steps: 1. create a tun interface 2. enable l2 bearer 3. TIPCNLUDPGETREMOTEIP with media name set to tun tipc: Started in network mode tipc: Nod...

Optimistic MEV in Ethereum Layer 2s: Why Blockspace Is Always in Demand

Layer 2 rollups are rapidly absorbing DeFi activity, securing over $40 billion and accounting for nearly half of Ethereum's DEX volume by Q1 2025, yet their MEV dynamics remain understudied. We address this gap by defining and quantifying optimistic MEV, a form of speculative, on-chain cyclic...

CVE-2025-48886 hydra-node dangerously assumes L1 event finality and does not consider failed transactions

Hydra is a layer-two scalability solution for Cardano. Prior to version 0.22.0, the process assumes L1 event finality and does not consider failed transactions. Currently, Cardano L1 is monitored for certain events which are necessary for state progression. At the moment, Hydra considers those...

CVE-2025-48886 hydra-node dangerously assumes L1 event finality and does not consider failed transactions

Hydra is a layer-two scalability solution for Cardano. Prior to version 0.22.0, the process assumes L1 event finality and does not consider failed transactions. Currently, Cardano L1 is monitored for certain events which are necessary for state progression. At the moment, Hydra considers those...

A Private Smart Wallet with Probabilistic Compliance

We propose a privacy-preserving smart wallet with a novel invitation-based private onboarding mechanism. The solution integrates two levels of compliance in concert with an authority party: a proof of innocence mechanism and an ancestral commitment tracking system using bloom filters for...

CVE-2024-11185

CVE-2024-11185 affects Arista EOS: ingress traffic on Layer-2 ports can be improperly forwarded to VLANs other than the intended one, breaching VLAN isolation. Affected EOS releases include 4.29.x (4.29.10M and below), 4.30.x (4.30.9M and below), 4.31.x (4.31.6M and below), 4.32.x (4.32.3M and be...

Arista EOS 安全漏洞

Arista EOS is a fully programmable, highly modular, Linux-based network operating system from Arista Corporation. A security vulnerability exists in Arista EOS that stems from the possibility of incorrectly forwarding Layer 2 port ingress traffic under certain conditions, resulting in a breach of...

A Framework for Combined Transaction Posting and Pricing for Layer 2 Blockchains

This paper presents a comprehensive framework for transaction posting and pricing in Layer 2 L2 blockchain systems, focusing on challenges stemming from fluctuating Layer 1 L1 gas fees and the congestion issues within L2 networks. Existing methods have focused on the problem of optimal posting...

CVE-2023-42806

Hydra is the layer-two scalability solution for Cardano. Prior to version 0.13.0, not signing and verifying $\mathsfcid$ allows an attacker which must be a participant of this head to use a snapshot from an old head instance with the same participants to close the head or contest the state with i...

Important: kernel

Issue Overview: A flaw was found in the Linux kernel's Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol L2TP. A missing lock when clearing skuserdata can lead to a race condition and NULL pointer dereference. A local user could use this flaw to potentially crash the system causing a denial of service. CVE-2022-4129 In...

A Security Framework for General Blockchain Layer 2 Protocols

Layer 2 L2 solutions are the cornerstone of blockchain scalability, enabling high-throughput and low-cost interactions by shifting execution off-chain while maintaining security through interactions with the underlying ledger. Despite their common goals, the principal L2 paradigms -- payment...

SUSE CVE-2025-21969

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: Bluetooth: L2CAP: Fix slab-use-after-free Read in l2capsendcmd After the hci sync command releases l2capconn, the hci receive data work queue references the released l2capconn when sending to the upper layer. Add hci dev lock to...

The vulnerability of the Layer 2 Address Learning Daemon (L2ALD) in Juniper Networks’ Junos OS Evolved operating systems allows a hacker to induce a service failure.

The vulnerability of the Layer 2 Address Learning Daemon L2ALD in Juniper Networks’ Junos OS Evolved operating systems is related to uncontrolled resource consumption. Exploiting this vulnerability can allow a malicious actor to cause service interruptions...

DEBIAN-CVE-2023-53020

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: l2tp: close all race conditions in l2tptunnelregister The code in l2tptunnelregister is racy in several ways: 1. It modifies the tunnel socket after publishing it. 2. It calls setupudptunnelsock on an existing socket without...

UBUNTU-CVE-2023-53020

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: l2tp: close all race conditions in l2tptunnelregister The code in l2tptunnelregister is racy in several ways: 1. It modifies the tunnel socket after publishing it. 2. It calls setupudptunnelsock on an existing socket without...

Linux kernel 安全漏洞

Linux kernel is the kernel used by Linux, the open source operating system of the Linux Foundation in the United States. A security vulnerability exists in the Linux kernel that stems from a race condition in l2tp tunnel registration...

CVE-2025-20142

A vulnerability in the IPv4 access control list ACL feature and quality of service QoS policy feature of Cisco IOS XR Software for Cisco ASR 9000 Series Aggregation Services Routers, ASR 9902 Compact High-Performance Routers, and ASR 9903 Compact High-Performance Routers could allow an...

Bluetooth: L2CAP: do not leave dangling sk pointer on error in l2cap_sock_create()

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SUSE CVE-2022-49539

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: rtw89: ser: fix CAM leaks occurring in L2 reset The CAM, meaning address CAM and bssid CAM here, will get leaks during SER system error recover L2 reset process and ieee80211restarthw which is called by L2 reset process eventuall...