SoK: Failure Modes in Common Criteria Product Evaluation - a Taxonomy and Design-For-Evaluability Guidance

The Common Criteria CC; ISO/IEC 15408 is the principal international framework for evaluating the security of IT products, and its certificates gate procurement across government, defense, and regulated industry. Yet evaluations routinely stall, fail, or yield certificates whose assurances do not...

Correct Verdicts, Flawed Reasoning: Structured Auditing of LLM-Based Vulnerability Reasoning

Large Language Models LLMs are increasingly deployed for automated software vulnerability analysis. Binary classification alone is insufficient; practitioners need explanations to triage bugs and engineer patches. Standard practice relies on Chain-of-Thought CoT prompting, but free-form reasoning...

Adversarial Robustness of Phishing Email Detection: A Comparative Study of TF-IDF + Logistic Regression and Fine-Tuned DistilBERT

Phishing emails remain one of the most persistent cybersecurity threats, and machine-learning classifiers are widely used to detect them. Most reported detection accuracies, however, are measured on clean, in-distribution test data rather than on emails deliberately altered to evade detection. Th...

Updating the taxonomy of failure modes in agentic AI systems: What a year of red teaming taught us

In this article 1. Why the Taxonomy Needed Updating 2. Seven new failure modes 3. Operational findings: What red teaming showed 4. New mitigations 5. What to do this quarter When the Microsoft AI Red Team published the Taxonomy of Failure Modes in Agentic AI Systems in April 2025, the goal was a...

Updating the taxonomy of failure modes in agentic AI systems: What a year of red teaming taught us

In this article 1. Why the Taxonomy Needed Updating 2. Seven new failure modes 3. Operational findings: What red teaming showed 4. New mitigations 5. What to do this quarter When the Microsoft AI Red Team published the Taxonomy of Failure Modes in Agentic AI Systems in April 2025, the goal was a...

From Backup Restoration to Minimum Viable Factory Recovery: A Systematization of Ransomware Recovery in Manufacturing Systems

Ransomware recovery in critical manufacturing infrastructure is not only a backup-restoration problem. Production capability depends on coupled information-technology, operational-technology, physical-process, quality, logistics, identity, and supplier systems. After ransomware, a plant may rebui...

Quantifying Memory Cells Vulnerability for DRAM Security

Dynamic Random Access Memory DRAM is pervasive in computer systems. Cell vulnerabilities caused by unintended phenomena forced retention failure, latency alteration, rowhammer and rowpress lead to unintended bit flips in memory. These phenomena have been explored as attacks to violate data...

OpenClaw, Moltbook, and ClawdLab: From Agent-Only Social Networks to Autonomous Scientific Research

In January 2026, the open-source agent framework OpenClaw and the agent-only social network Moltbook produced a large-scale dataset of autonomous AI-to-AI interaction, attracting six academic publications within fourteen days. This study conducts a multivocal literature review of that ecosystem a...

New whitepaper outlines the taxonomy of failure modes in AI agents

We are releasing a taxonomy of failure modes in AI agents to help security professionals and machine learning engineers think through how AI systems can fail and design them with safety and security in mind. The taxonomy continues Microsoft AI Red Team's work to lead the creation of systematizati...

New whitepaper outlines the taxonomy of failure modes in AI agents

We are releasing a taxonomy of failure modes in AI agents to help security professionals and machine learning engineers think through how AI systems can fail and design them with safety and security in mind. The taxonomy continues Microsoft AI Red Team's work to lead the creation of systematizati...

Failure Modes in Machine Learning

Interesting taxonomy of machine-learning failures pdf that encompasses both mistakes and attacks, or -- in their words -- intentional and unintentional failure modes. It's a good basis for threat modeling...