CVE-2023-28431

Frontier is an Ethereum compatibility layer for Substrate. Frontier's modexp precompile uses num-bigint crate under the hood. In the implementation prior to pull request 1017, the cases for modulus being even and modulus being odd are treated separately. Odd modulus uses the fast Montgomery...

Design/Logic Flaw

Frontier is an Ethereum compatibility layer for Substrate. Frontier's modexp precompile uses num-bigint crate under the hood. In the implementation prior to pull request 1017, the cases for modulus being even and modulus being odd are treated separately. Odd modulus uses the fast Montgomery...

CVE-2023-28431 Frontier's modexp precompile is slow for even modulus

Frontier is an Ethereum compatibility layer for Substrate. Frontier's modexp precompile uses num-bigint crate under the hood. In the implementation prior to pull request 1017, the cases for modulus being even and modulus being odd are treated separately. Odd modulus uses the fast Montgomery...

Frontier's modexp precompile is slow for even modulus

Impact Frontier's modexp precompile uses num-bigint crate under the hood. In the implementation, the cases for modulus being even and modulus being odd are treated separately. Odd modulus uses the fast Montgomery multiplication, and even modulus uses the slow plain power algorithm. This gas cost...