A Practical Semi-Quantum Signature Protocol with Improved Eavesdropping Detection

Semi-quantum signature SQS schemes aim to enable quantum signature functionality in scenarios where only a subset of participants possess full quantum capabilities, thereby improving practical deployability while preserving quantum security advantages. Within this framework, we present a practica...

Quantum Bit Error Rate Analysis in BB84 Quantum Key Distribution: Measurement, Statistical Estimation, and Eavesdropping Detection

Quantum Key Distribution QKD provides information-theoretic security by exploiting the principles of quantum mechanics. Among QKD protocols, the BB84 scheme remains the most widely adopted for both theoretical research and practical implementation. A critical parameter determining the reliability...

Pattern Based Quantum Key Distribution Using the Five Qubit Perfect Code for Eavesdropper Detection

I propose a new quantum key distribution protocol that uses the five qubit error correction code to detect the presence of eavesdropper reliably. The protocol turns any information theoretical attacks into a classical guess about the pattern. The logical qubit is encoded with a specific pattern...