Large Language Models for Detecting Cyberattacks on Smart Grid Protective Relays

This paper presents a large language model LLM-based framework for detecting cyberattacks on transformer current differential relays TCDRs, which, if undetected, may trigger false tripping of critical transformers. The proposed approach adapts and fine-tunes compact LLMs such as DistilBERT to...

Large Language Model-Based Framework for Explainable Cyberattack Detection in Automatic Generation Control Systems

The increasing digitization of smart grids has improved operational efficiency but also introduced new cybersecurity vulnerabilities, such as False Data Injection Attacks FDIAs targeting Automatic Generation Control AGC systems. While machine learning ML and deep learning DL models have shown...