Unveiling the Black Box: a Multi-Layer Framework for Explaining Reinforcement Learning-Based Cyber Agents

Reinforcement Learning RL agents are increasingly used to simulate sophisticated cyberattacks, but their decision-making processes remain opaque, hindering trust, debugging, and defensive preparedness. In high-stakes cybersecurity contexts, explainability is essential for understanding how...

GO-2025-3686 Babylon Finality Provider `MsgCommitPubRandList` replay attack in github.com/babylonlabs-io/babylon

Babylon Finality Provider MsgCommitPubRandList replay attack in github.com/babylonlabs-io/babylon...

Babylon Finality Provider `MsgCommitPubRandList` replay attack

Summary A high vulnerability exists in the Babylon protocol's x/finality module due to a lack of domain separation in signed messages, combined with insufficient validation in the MsgCommitPubRandList handler. Specifically, the handler does not enforce that the submitted Commitment field is 32...

User Impersonation

Overview Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to User Impersonation due to insufficient validation in the MsgCommitPubRandList handler, combined with a lack of domain separation in signed messages. An attacker can store an invalid PubRand commitment by crafting the message parameters ...

User Impersonation

Overview Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to User Impersonation due to insufficient validation in the MsgCommitPubRandList handler, combined with a lack of domain separation in signed messages. An attacker can store an invalid PubRand commitment by crafting the message parameters ...

GHSA-7MM3-VFG8-7RG6 Babylon Finality Provider `MsgCommitPubRandList` replay attack

Summary A high vulnerability exists in the Babylon protocol's x/finality module due to a lack of domain separation in signed messages, combined with insufficient validation in the MsgCommitPubRandList handler. Specifically, the handler does not enforce that the submitted Commitment field is 32...

CVE-2025-47706 Enterprise MFA - TFA for Drupal - Moderately critical - Access bypass - SA-CONTRIB-2025-052

Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay vulnerability in Drupal Enterprise MFA - TFA for Drupal allows Remote Services with Stolen Credentials.This issue affects Enterprise MFA - TFA for Drupal: from 0.0.0 before 4.7.0, from 5.0.0 before 5.2.0...

CVE-2025-47706 Enterprise MFA - TFA for Drupal - Moderately critical - Access bypass - SA-CONTRIB-2025-052

Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay vulnerability in Drupal Enterprise MFA - TFA for Drupal allows Remote Services with Stolen Credentials.This issue affects Enterprise MFA - TFA for Drupal: from 0.0.0 before 4.7.0, from 5.0.0 before 5.2.0...

Tenda RX2 Pro Security Bypass Vulnerability

Tenda RX2 Pro is a high performance WiFi 6 signal amplifier from Tenda China. A security bypass vulnerability exists in Tenda RX2 Pro version 16.03.30.14, which can be exploited by an attacker to cause decryption, replay, or spoofing of traffic...

xorg: xwayland: Use-after-free in PlayReleasedEvents()

A use-after-free flaw was found in X.Org and Xwayland. When a device is removed while still frozen, the events queued for that device remain while the device is freed. Replaying the events will cause a use-after-free...

xorg: xwayland: Use-after-free in PlayReleasedEvents()

A use-after-free flaw was found in X.Org and Xwayland. When a device is removed while still frozen, the events queued for that device remain while the device is freed. Replaying the events will cause a use-after-free...

kernel: ext4: fix infinite loop when replaying fast_commit

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ext4: fix infinite loop when replaying fastcommit When doing fastcommit replay an infinite loop may occur due to an uninitialized extentstatus struct. ext4extdetermineinserthole does not detect the replay and calls...

kernel: ext4: fix access to uninitialised lock in fc replay path

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ext4: fix access to uninitialised lock in fc replay path The following kernel trace can be triggered with fstest generic/629 when executed against a filesystem with fast-commit feature enabled: INFO: trying to register non-static...

Medium: openvpn

Issue Overview: OpenVPN version 2.6.1 through 2.6.13 in server mode using TLS-crypt-v2 allows remote attackers to trigger a denial of service by corrupting and replaying network packets in the early handshake phase CVE-2025-2704 Affected Packages: openvpn Issue Correction: Run dnf update openvpn...

CVE-2023-53091

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ext4: update sjournalinum if it changes after journal replay When mounting a crafted ext4 image, sjournalinum may change after journal replay, which is obviously unreasonable because we have successfully loaded and replayed the...

SUSE CVE-2023-53091

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ext4: update sjournalinum if it changes after journal replay When mounting a crafted ext4 image, sjournalinum may change after journal replay, which is obviously unreasonable because we have successfully loaded and replayed the...

CVE-2023-53091

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ext4: update sjournalinum if it changes after journal replay When mounting a crafted ext4 image, sjournalinum may change after journal replay, which is obviously unreasonable because we have successfully loaded and replayed the...

DEBIAN-CVE-2023-53091

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ext4: update sjournalinum if it changes after journal replay When mounting a crafted ext4 image, sjournalinum may change after journal replay, which is obviously unreasonable because we have successfully loaded and replayed the...

UBUNTU-CVE-2023-53091

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ext4: update sjournalinum if it changes after journal replay When mounting a crafted ext4 image, sjournalinum may change after journal replay, which is obviously unreasonable because we have successfully loaded and replayed the...

CVE-2023-53091 ext4: update s_journal_inum if it changes after journal replay

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ext4: update sjournalinum if it changes after journal replay When mounting a crafted ext4 image, sjournalinum may change after journal replay, which is obviously unreasonable because we have successfully loaded and replayed the...