Jailbreaking LLMs and VLMs: Mechanisms, Evaluation, and Unified Defense

This paper provides a systematic survey of jailbreak attacks and defenses on Large Language Models LLMs and Vision-Language Models VLMs, emphasizing that jailbreak vulnerabilities stem from structural factors such as incomplete training data, linguistic ambiguity, and generative uncertainty. It...

New VVS Stealer Malware Targets Discord Accounts via Obfuscated Python Code

Cybersecurity researchers have disclosed details of a new Python-based information stealer called VVS Stealer also styled as VVS $tealer that's capable of harvesting Discord credentials and tokens. The stealer is said to have been on sale on Telegram as far back as April 2025, according to a repo...

MAL-2026-35 Malicious code in aiihttp (PyPI)

--- -= Per source details. Do not edit below this line.=- Source: kam193 e98bbfaaccc91213e80bb0a09f5081a5701cf01629ac8b82370adbbbc42178b0 Obfuscated code downloads an encrypted binary blob, which is malware finally starting cryptomining. After starting the malware, the Python package uninstall...

MAL-2026-37 Malicious code in aoohttp (PyPI)

--- -= Per source details. Do not edit below this line.=- Source: kam193 9d3438b2d065c0535b5ac80ce789201be4f8095642d0f10a20a7da13d46152f8 Obfuscated code downloads an encrypted binary blob, which is malware finally starting cryptomining. After starting the malware, the Python package uninstall...

Malicious code in auohttp (PyPI)

--- -= Per source details. Do not edit below this line.=- Source: kam193 f4b76a407d91e23cb990d6ed08e3c0e81898f2b97d690db76b4e3b547fda5fab Obfuscated code downloads an encrypted binary blob, which is malware finally starting cryptomining. After starting the malware, the Python package uninstall...

Malicious code in aiohtto (PyPI)

--- -= Per source details. Do not edit below this line.=- Source: kam193 9338a4f3f167cf0ba279696ac9ae9bae26219391e2a87a805cc8bb92b4cddd6e Obfuscated code downloads an encrypted binary blob, which is malware finally starting cryptomining. After starting the malware, the Python package uninstall...

Researchers Spot Modified Shai-Hulud Worm Testing Payload on npm Registry

Cybersecurity researchers have disclosed details of what appears to be a new strain of Shai Hulud on the npm registry with slight modifications from the previous wave observed last month. The npm package that embeds the novel Shai Hulud strain is "@vietmoney/react-big-calendar," which was uploade...

Malicious code in cryptozip (PyPI)

--- -= Per source details. Do not edit below this line.=- Source: kam193 157ea6b1f1c3d4ed5564c494db770e9156f3e269f12cefec6e4270085a762f26 During initialization of the archive-support class, the package starts code from another file and downloads multi-stage malware --- Category: MALICIOUS - The...

MAL-2025-192956 Malicious code in cryptozip (PyPI)

--- -= Per source details. Do not edit below this line.=- Source: kam193 157ea6b1f1c3d4ed5564c494db770e9156f3e269f12cefec6e4270085a762f26 During initialization of the archive-support class, the package starts code from another file and downloads multi-stage malware --- Category: MALICIOUS - The...

MAL-2025-192948 Malicious code in extrazip (PyPI)

--- -= Per source details. Do not edit below this line.=- Source: kam193 f58777710463b043a0724ad1d7999807501b56667a10eced314fd036e9303fdf During initialization of the archive-support class, the package starts code from another file and downloads multi-stage malware --- Category: MALICIOUS - The...

CoTDeceptor:Adversarial Code Obfuscation against CoT-Enhanced LLM Code Agents

LLM-based code agentse.g., ChatGPT Codex are increasingly deployed as detector for code review and security auditing tasks. Although CoT-enhanced LLM vulnerability detectors are believed to provide improved robustness against obfuscated malicious code, we find that their reasoning chains and...

Linux kernel 安全漏洞

Linux kernel is the kernel used by Linux, the open source operating system of the Linux Foundation in the United States. A security vulnerability exists in the Linux kernel that stems from an attempt to leave despite not joining the OCB state, which could lead to driver obfuscation...

Linux kernel 安全漏洞

Linux kernel is the kernel used by Linux, the open source operating system of the Linux Foundation in the United States. A security vulnerability exists in the Linux kernel that stems from the fact that inotifyhandleinodeevent may report an invalid wd value, which could lead to obfuscation of the...

MAL-2025-192689 Malicious code in unizip (PyPI)

--- -= Per source details. Do not edit below this line.=- Source: kam193 36d788bf5be2a646474da2cb929d2b24c328cd5bbd997697780a15da181d1053 During initialization of the archive-support class, the package download and executes remote malicious code --- Category: MALICIOUS - The campaign has clearly...

Malicious code in unizip (PyPI)

--- -= Per source details. Do not edit below this line.=- Source: kam193 36d788bf5be2a646474da2cb929d2b24c328cd5bbd997697780a15da181d1053 During initialization of the archive-support class, the package download and executes remote malicious code --- Category: MALICIOUS - The campaign has clearly...

MAL-2025-192679 Malicious code in system-health-check-test-unique (PyPI)

--- -= Per source details. Do not edit below this line.=- Source: kam193 10bfd6e986187675dd7d7e3a8f860807e408fd6a91694ca0e0128be83fa8fc47 Importing the module exfiltrates content of /var/www/html to a remote host --- Category: MALICIOUS - The campaign has clearly malicious intent, like...

Amadey Exploiting Self-Hosted GitLab to Distribute StealC

Amadey Exploiting Self-Hosted GitLab to Distribute StealC By Rahul Sharma · December 18, 2025 Executive summary Amadey is a malware loader that has been active since 2018, primarily used to distribute second-stage payloads and infostealers. While Amadey has been previously known to distribute...

A Systematic Study of Code Obfuscation against LLM-Based Vulnerability Detection

As large language models LLMs are increasingly adopted for code vulnerability detection, their reliability and robustness across diverse vulnerability types have become a pressing concern. In traditional adversarial settings, code obfuscation has long been used as a general strategy to bypass...

EUVD-2025-203095

An eval injection in the malware de-obfuscation routines of CloudLinux ai-bolit before v32.7.4 allows attackers to overwrite arbitrary files as root via scanning a crafted file...

CloudLinux OS 安全漏洞

CloudLinux OS is an operating system from the American company CloudLinux. A security vulnerability exists in CloudLinux OS versions prior to 32.7.4, which stems from an eval injection in malware anti-obfuscation routines that allows an attacker to overwrite arbitrary files by scanning specially...