All the STeth balance of WstEth contract can be drained by a malicious user.

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact The impact of this finding is severe, as it can result in the complete loss of STeth tokens held by the WstEth contract. This could lead to a significant financial loss for the contract and its users. Proof of Concept For demonstration purpose, Alice is...

[H-02] Front-running of first deposit allows attacker to steal funds

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact Due to the way in which the SafEth share price is calculated, an attacker can front-run the first depositor's transaction and steal funds through an inflation attack. SafEth::stake calculates the share price by dividing the total asset amount by the tota...

Incorrect parameter in withdraw function

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact An incorrect parameter is used in the withdraw function in SfrxEth.sol. The amount variable is used when the frxEthBalance variable should be used to calculate minOut. The amount that gets swapped at the FRXETHCRVPOOLADDRESS is the frxEthBalance, not the...

Hardcoded slippage can lead to user's transactions being front run

Lines of code Vulnerability details Vulnerability details Impact Since all the main function that the user execute implement slippage, attackers can front run any user transaction since the slippage amount is set to 1% on all the lines of code listed above. This can lead to sandwich attacks. Proo...

Missing critical check of amount minted tokens in stake() -> deposit()

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact No require to ensure that SfrxEth or WstEth is minted when calling in SafEth.sol stake - IDerivative.deposit function Proof of Concept In the deposit function in Reth.sol has a require statement to ensure that the token was actually minted. But there is ...

withdraw function of WstEth derivative contract probably sends wrong ETH amount back to owner contract/user

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact Sends the wrong amount of ETH back to owner contract/user. In most cases, probably way too much, it sends the entire contract ETH balance. All the other calculations in the withdraw function seem correct, from what can be seen, but, as is the case with...

In stake() function shares increase exponentially for the same amount of deposit as the totalSupply() increases, causing the loss for the initial stakers relative to later ones.

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact Stake function don not allocate the safEth according to the totalShares, instead as more user deposit, later depositers get higher share of the value as compared to ealy depositers. Proof of Concept Consider Alice, Bob and Jenny want to stake their eth...

dMute.sol: Attacker can push lock items to victim's array such that redemptions are forever blocked

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact This report deals with how an attacker can abuse the fact that he can lock MUTE tokens for any other user and thereby push items to the array of UserLockInfo structs of the user. There are two functions in the dMute contract that iterate over all items i...

And all this assembly shall know that the OWNER SafEth not with derivatives: for the derivative is the OWNER'S, and he will rebalanceToWeights it into his EOA.

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact The owner of SafEth can at any time steal all staked funds. Proof of Concept SafEth.addDerivative allows the owner to add any derivative contract, such as one where he can withdraw all IDerivative.deposit-ed funds. SafEth.adjustWeights allows the owner t...

poolPrice in Reth.sol can overflow and revert

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact To determine the value of sqrtPriceX96 that will cause an overflow, we need to analyze the calculation in the function: sqrtPriceX96 uintsqrtPriceX96 1e18 96 2 The maximum value for a uint256 is 2^256 - 1. An overflow occurs when the result of the...

WstEth.withdraw() improper implementation of slippage check

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact In the current implementation of withdraw, the amount is not controlled by minOut. Impact: Users can get rekt. Proof of Concept function withdrawuint256 amount external onlyOwner IWStETHWSTETH.unwrapamount; uint256 stEthBal =...

An attacker can front-run setMaxPayout() and freeze deposit() and the whole protocol from progressing in epochs.

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact Detailed description of the impact of this finding. When the owner calls setMaxPayout to decrease maxPayout to newMaxPayout, an attacker can front-run it and deposit so that termsepoch.payoutTotal newMaxPayout. This will freeze deposit and the whole...

sFrxEth may revert on redeeming non-zero amount

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact Unstaking is blocked. Proof of Concept When unstaking the withdraw of each derivative is called. SfrxEth.withdraw calls IsFrxEthSFRXETHADDRESS.redeemamount, addressthis, addressthis;. This function may revert if amount is low due to the following line in...

First stake inflation attack

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact The first staker can steal the next staked funds. Proof of Concept As the first one to stake, the attacker stakes minAmount ETH, for which minAmount or slightly less due to slippage SafEth tokens are minted. The attacker immediately unstakes the entire...

Burning rETH at the unstake might revert

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact Unstaking is blocked. Proof of Concept When unstaking the withdraw of each derivative is called. Reth.withdraw withdraws by calling RocketTokenRETHInterfacerethAddress.burnamount. But RocketTokenRETH.burn reverts if the ETH balance is insufficient for th...

Preventing and Detecting Attacks Involving 3CX Desktop App

In this blog entry, we provide technical details and analysis on the 3CX attacks as they happen. We also discuss available solutions which security teams can maximize for early detection and mitigate the impact of 3CX attacks...

MuteBond.sol: deposit function reverts if remaining payout is very small due to >0 check in dMute.LockTo function

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact I will show in this report how the MuteBond.deposit function can experience a temporary DOS. The attacker or just any other user by mistake or by not knowing about it can receive a payout from the deposit function that puts the payoutTotal of the current...

Hardcoded poolFee in deposit() Function Cause Liquidity Depth Issue for Swap

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact In deposit function we are using the hardcoded value of poolFee as 500 which limits the ability of liquidity providers to select the appropriate fee tier, potentially reducing the returns for liquidity providers. IWETHWETHADDRESS.depositvalue: msg.value;...

Reth griefing

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact The maximum slippage when buying rETH from the Uniswap V3 pool is calculated in Reth derivative contract by taking the current price in the Uniswap V3 pool at runtime, without taking into account the price at which the user sent the transaction to the...

deposit function of WstEth not working correctly

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact The deposit function doesnt seem to work at all, or correctly at all. Its missing some code, etc. Please see my natspec notes below for more clarity: Apologies, this is 10mins before contest ends, so I'm just going to copy my NatSpec notes here: function...