Inside Tycoon2FA: How a leading AiTM phishing kit operated at scale

In this article 1. Operational overview of Tycoon2FA 2. Mitigation and protection guidance 3. Microsoft Defender detections Following its emergence in August 2023, Tycoon2FA rapidly became one of the most widespread phishing-as-a-service PhaaS platforms, enabling campaigns responsible for tens of...

PT-2026-22916

Name of the Vulnerable Software and Affected Versions Arc versions affected versions not specified Description A weakness exists where the server certificate is not verified when an Arc agent connects to a Guardian or CMC. This allows a malicious actor to perform a man-in-the-middle attack,...

CVE-2025-40896: Improper Certificate Validation

The server certificate was not verified when an Arc agent connected to a Guardian or CMC. A malicious actor could perform a man-in-the-middle attack and intercept the communication between the Arc agent and the Guardian or CMC. This could result in theft of the client token and sensitive...

CVE-2025-13490 IBM App Connect Enterprise Certified Container IntegrationServer and IntegrationRuntime operands that report metrics are vulnerable to loss of confidentiality

IBM App Connect Operator versions CD 11.3.0 through 11.6.0 and 12.1.0 through 12.20.0, LTS versions 12.0.0 through 12.0.20, and IBM App Connect Enterprise Certified Containers Operands versions CD 12.0.11.2‑r1 through 12.0.12.5‑r1 and 13.0.1.0‑r1 through 13.0.6.1‑r1, and LTS versions 12.0.12‑r1...

CVE-2025-13490

CVE-2025-13490 affects IBM App Connect Operator CD versions 11.3.0–11.6.0, 12.1.0–12.20.0 and 12.0 LTS 12.0.0–12.0.20, plus IBM App Connect Enterprise Certified Containers operands CD 12.0.11.2‑r1–12.0.12.5‑r1 and 13.0.1.0‑r1–13.0.6.1‑r1 (and 12.0 LTS 12.0.12‑r1–12.0.12‑r20). The vulnerability is...

Improper Validation of Certificate with Host Mismatch

Overview Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Improper Validation of Certificate with Host Mismatch due to the NiFiRegistryHostnameVerifier checking hostnames against subjectAltNames on any certificate in the TLS chain instead of verifying only the leaf/server certificate. An...

nginx: NGINX: Data injection via man-in-the-middle attack on TLS proxied connections

A flaw was found in NGINX. When NGINX is configured to proxy to upstream Transport Layer Security TLS servers, An attacker with a man-in-the-middle MITM position on the upstream server side—along with conditions beyond the attacker's control—may be able to inject plain text data into the response...

CVE-2025-13490: Cleartext Transmission of Sensitive Information

IBM App Connect Operator versions CD 11.3.0 through 11.6.0 and 12.1.0 through 12.20.0, LTS versions 12.0.0 through 12.0.20, and IBM App Connect Enterprise Certified Containers Operands versions CD 12.0.11.2‑r1 through 12.0.12.5‑r1 and 13.0.1.0‑r1 through 13.0.6.1‑r1, and LTS versions 12.0.12‑r1...

Ubuntu 22.04 LTS / 24.04 LTS / 25.10 : curl vulnerabilities (USN-8062-1)

The remote Ubuntu 22.04 LTS / 24.04 LTS / 25.10 host has packages installed that are affected by multiple vulnerabilities as referenced in the USN-8062-1 advisory. It was discovered that curl incorrectly handled cookies when redirected from secure to insecure connections. An attacker could possib...

HCL AppScan Source <= 10.6 Improper Certificate Validation (CVE-2024-30149)

The version of HCL AppScan Source installed on the remote Windows host is 10.6.0 or earlier. It is, therefore, affected by an improper certificate validation vulnerability. HCL AppScan Source does not properly validate a TLS/SSL certificate for an executable, which could allow an attacker to...

IBM Concert Information Disclosure Vulnerability (CNVD-2026-13786)

IBM Concert is IBM's software platform for orchestrating and managing enterprise-class applications. An information disclosure vulnerability exists in IBM Concert. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability to steal sensitive information via a man-in-the-middle attack...

CVE-2026-23748

Golioth Firmware SDK version 0.10.0 prior to 0.22.0, fixed in commit d7f55b38, contain an out-of-bounds read in LightDB State string parsing. When processing a string payload, a payloadsize value less than 2 can cause a sizet underflow when computing the number of bytes to copy nbytes. The...

CVE-2025-67752

OpenEMR is a free and open source electronic health records and medical practice management application. Prior to version 7.0.4, OpenEMR's HTTP client wrapper oeHttp/oeHttpRequest disables SSL/TLS certificate verification by default verify: false, making all external HTTPS connections vulnerable ...

PT-2026-22166

Golioth Firmware SDK version 0.10.0 prior to 0.22.0, fixed in commit 48f521b, contain a stack-based buffer overflow in Payload Utils. The golioth payload as int and golioth payload as float helpers copy network-supplied payload data into fixed-size stack buffers using memcpy with a length derived...

CVE-2025-67752

OpenEMR is a free and open source electronic health records and medical practice management application. Prior to version 7.0.4, OpenEMR's HTTP client wrapper oeHttp/oeHttpRequest disables SSL/TLS certificate verification by default verify: false, making all external HTTPS connections vulnerable ...

CVE-2025-67752 OpenEMR Has Disabled SSL Certificate Verification in HTTP Client

OpenEMR is a free and open source electronic health records and medical practice management application. Prior to version 7.0.4, OpenEMR's HTTP client wrapper oeHttp/oeHttpRequest disables SSL/TLS certificate verification by default verify: false, making all external HTTPS connections vulnerable ...

CVE-2025-67752

OpenEMR prior to version 7.0.4 disables SSL certificate verification in its HTTP client wrapper (oeHttp/oeHttpRequest) by default, setting verify: false. This creates a MITM risk for all HTTPS connections, including communications with government healthcare APIs and other external services, and c...

CVE-2025-67752 OpenEMR Has Disabled SSL Certificate Verification in HTTP Client

OpenEMR is a free and open source electronic health records and medical practice management application. Prior to version 7.0.4, OpenEMR's HTTP client wrapper oeHttp/oeHttpRequest disables SSL/TLS certificate verification by default verify: false, making all external HTTPS connections vulnerable ...

PT-2026-21816

Name of the Vulnerable Software and Affected Versions OpenEMR versions prior to 7.0.4 Description OpenEMR’s HTTP client wrapper oeHttp/oeHttpRequest has a default setting that disables SSL/TLS certificate verification verify: false. This makes all external HTTPS connections susceptible to...

PT-2026-21876

Name of the Vulnerable Software and Affected Versions ASUSTOR ADM versions 4.1.0 through 4.3.3.ROF1 ASUSTOR ADM versions 5.0.0 through 5.1.2.RE51 Description The FTP Backup feature does not properly validate TLS certificates when connecting to an FTP server using FTPES/FTPS. This improper...