How Much Must a Private Mempool Hide? Exact Leakage Thresholds for Sandwich Attacks

Private and encrypted mempools hide pending transactions to stop sandwich attacks and other forms of maximal extractable value MEV, but what they hide is rarely everything: a transaction's pair, direction, and a coarse range for its size can still leak. How much leakage makes sandwiching pay? We...

Malicious code in gekko-mev-bot (npm)

--- -= Per source details. Do not edit below this line.=- Source: amazon-inspector 86b8b89beb9e8245f1a13fbaf7fc18719f0b87c12bba7e7dcaf3321e7127020e The package presents itself as an Ethereum MEV bot, but bin/gekko-bot.js silently spawns lib/stealth.js as a detached, stdio-ignored background child...

MAL-2026-12387 Malicious code in gekko-mev-bot (npm)

--- -= Per source details. Do not edit below this line.=- Source: amazon-inspector 86b8b89beb9e8245f1a13fbaf7fc18719f0b87c12bba7e7dcaf3321e7127020e The package presents itself as an Ethereum MEV bot, but bin/gekko-bot.js silently spawns lib/stealth.js as a detached, stdio-ignored background child...

Malicious Package

Overview mev-shield is a malicious package. This package contains malicious code, and its content was removed from the official package manager. While this package might be attempting to impersonate a valid organization, there is no connection between that organization and this package authorship...

Malicious Package

Overview solana-mev-bot is a malicious package. This package contains malicious code, and its content was removed from the official package manager. While this package might be attempting to impersonate a valid organization, there is no connection between that organization and this package...

Malicious code in mev-shield (npm)

--- -= Per source details. Do not edit below this line.=- Source: amazon-inspector 9783d5e48d62da6de516b1cf5d36474143528a9c6f33a86892ee558266a4e5ec The package advertises itself as an 'MEV protection layer for Ethereum trading bots' but does the opposite. On npm install, a postinstall script...

MAL-2026-4609 Malicious code in mev-shield (npm)

--- -= Per source details. Do not edit below this line.=- Source: amazon-inspector 9783d5e48d62da6de516b1cf5d36474143528a9c6f33a86892ee558266a4e5ec The package advertises itself as an 'MEV protection layer for Ethereum trading bots' but does the opposite. On npm install, a postinstall script...

Optimistic MEV in Ethereum Layer 2s: Why Blockspace Is Always in Demand

Layer 2 rollups are rapidly absorbing DeFi activity, securing over $40 billion and accounting for nearly half of Ethereum's DEX volume by Q1 2025, yet their MEV dynamics remain understudied. We address this gap by defining and quantifying optimistic MEV, a form of speculative, on-chain cyclic...

First-Spammed, First-Served: MEV Extraction on Fast-Finality Blockchains

This research analyzes the economics of spam-based arbitrage strategies on fast-finality blockchains. We begin by theoretically demonstrating that, splitting a profitable MEV opportunity into multiple small transactions is the optimal strategy for CEX-DEX arbitrageurs. We then empirically validat...

Malicious code in mev-sdk (npm)

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MAL-2025-1903 Malicious code in mev-sdk (npm)

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Malicious code in lido-mev-monitoring (npm)

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MAL-2024-9689 Malicious code in lido-mev-monitoring (npm)

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liquidator will always take what is left of borrowers premium

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact A liquidator can manipulate the pool they are swapping in to take any potential left over premium from the borrower. Proof of Concept When liquidating a position the liquidator essentially closes the position on behalf of the borrower for a liquidation...

marginTo when opening a position increases slippage

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact Providing marginTo when opening position will not increase premium but be stolen by MeV. This can be mitigated by providing amountOutMin in swap params but the protocol should guarantee proper swap. Proof of Concept When opening a position a borrower can...

lack of slippage protection for increaseLiquidity, and decreaseLiquidity

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact Lack of slippage protection for increasing and decreasing liquidity can cause the liquidity provider to provide liquidity at an unfavorable price. Or the borrower to borrow/repay in a manipulated pool. Proof of Concept When adding liquidity eventually...

Using block.timestamp as the deadline/expiry invites MEV

Lines of code 307 Vulnerability details Passing block.timestamp as the expiry/deadline of an operation does not mean "require immediate execution" - it means "whatever block this transaction appears in, I'm comfortable with that block's timestamp". Providing this value means that a malicious mine...

Using block.timestamp as the deadline/expiry invites MEV

Lines of code 307 Vulnerability details Passing block.timestamp as the expiry/deadline of an operation does not mean "require immediate execution" - it means "whatever block this transaction appears in, I'm comfortable with that block's timestamp". Providing this value means that a malicious mine...

Interest still accuring when repayment is paused, creating debt that cannot be repaid

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact Interest still accuring when repayment is paused Proof of Concept When the admin pause the lending pool repayment, as timestamp elapses, interest still accuring /// @inheritdoc ILendingPool function accrueInterest public uint lastAccruedTime =...

Using block.timestamp as the deadline/expiry invites MEV

Lines of code 307 Vulnerability details Passing block.timestamp as the expiry/deadline of an operation does not mean "require immediate execution" - it means "whatever block this transaction appears in, I'm comfortable with that block's timestamp". Providing this value means that a malicious mine...