Safety Graph: When Safety Responses Become Attack Surfaces in Cyber-Physical Systems

Modern industrial control systems ICS are susceptible to cyber attacks triggering safety failures in the operational technology OT layer. The traditional way to mitigate any failure in OT is to implement safety responses. However, we show in this work that these responses can open up new attack...

WATCHDOG: an Ontology-AWare Risk AssessmenT ApproaCH Via Object-Oriented DisruptiOn Graphs

When considering risky events or actions, we must not downplay the role of involved objects: a charged battery in our phone averts the risk of being stranded in the desert after a flat tyre, and a functional firewall mitigates the risk of a hacker intruding the network. The Common Ontology of Val...