Effective Interventions against AI-Enhanced Scams

In 2025, scams were responsible for an estimated $442 billion in direct losses globally. In the United States, reported losses increased by nearly 400% between 2020 and 2025. Though AI in scamming is a relatively new phenomenon, its use significantly changes the economics of scams as well as the...

On the Practical Feasibility of Harvest-Now, Decrypt-Later Attacks

Harvest-now, decrypt-later HN-DL attacks threaten today's encrypted communications by archiving ciphertext until a quantum computer can break the underlying key exchange. This paper reframes HN-DL as an economic problem, quantifying adversary costs across Transport Layer Security TLS 1.2, TLS 1.3...