A Security Framework for General Blockchain Layer 2 Protocols

Layer 2 L2 solutions are the cornerstone of blockchain scalability, enabling high-throughput and low-cost interactions by shifting execution off-chain while maintaining security through interactions with the underlying ledger. Despite their common goals, the principal L2 paradigms -- payment...

A Blockchain-Based Approach for Secure and Transparent E-Faktur Issuance in Indonesia'S VAT Reporting System

The implementation of blockchain technology in tax administration offers promising improvements in security, transparency, and efficiency. This paper presents the design of a blockchain-based e-Faktur system aimed at addressing the challenges of issuing and verifying tax invoices within Indonesia...

Bitcoin'S Edge: Embedded Sentiment in Blockchain Transactional Data

Cryptocurrency blockchains, beyond their primary role as distributed payment systems, are increasingly used to store and share arbitrary content, such as text messages and files. Although often non-financial, this hidden content can impact price movements by conveying private information, shaping...

Blockchain Offers Security Benefits – But Don't Neglect Your Passwords

Blockchain is best known for its use in cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, but it also holds significant applications for online authentication. As businesses in varying sectors increasingly embrace blockchain-based security tools, could the technology one day replace passwords? How blockchain works...

Adversary-Augmented Simulation for Fairness Evaluation and Defense in Hyperledger Fabric

This paper presents an adversary model and a simulation framework specifically tailored for analyzing attacks on distributed systems composed of multiple distributed protocols, with a focus on assessing the security of blockchain networks. Our model classifies and constrains adversarial actions...

From Data Behavior to Code Analysis: a Multimodal Study on Security and Privacy Challenges in Blockchain-Based DApp

The recent proliferation of blockchain-based decentralized applications DApp has catalyzed transformative advancements in distributed systems, with extensive deployments observed across financial, entertainment, media, and cybersecurity domains. These trustless architectures, characterized by the...

Blockchain Application in Metaverse: a Review

In recent years, the term Metaverse emerged as one of the most compelling concepts, captivating the interest of international companies such as Tencent, ByteDance, Microsoft, and Facebook. These company recognized the Metaverse as a pivotal element for future success and have since made significa...

Clustering and Analysis of User Behaviour in Blockchain: a Case Study of Planet IX

Decentralised applications dApps that run on public blockchains have the benefit of trustworthiness and transparency as every activity that happens on the blockchain can be publicly traced through the transaction data. However, this introduces a potential privacy problem as this data can be track...

CVE-2024-58131

FISCO BCOS 3.11.0 has an issue with synchronization of the transaction pool that can, for example, be observed when a malicious node that has modified the codebase to allow a large minsealtime value joins a blockchain network...

CVE-2025-25500

An issue in CosmWasm prior to v2.2.0 allows attackers to bypass capability restrictions in blockchains by exploiting a lack of runtime capability validation. This allows attackers to deploy a contract without capability enforcement, and execute unauthorized actions on the blockchain...

CosmWasm Allows Bypass of Capability Restrictions in Blockchains

An issue in CosmWasm prior to v2.2.0 allows attackers to bypass capability restrictions in blockchains by exploiting a lack of runtime capability validation. This allows attackers to deploy a contract without capability enforcement, and execute unauthorized actions on the blockchain...

GHSA-CG8R-JWG7-R2X4 CosmWasm Allows Bypass of Capability Restrictions in Blockchains

An issue in CosmWasm prior to v2.2.0 allows attackers to bypass capability restrictions in blockchains by exploiting a lack of runtime capability validation. This allows attackers to deploy a contract without capability enforcement, and execute unauthorized actions on the blockchain...

CVE-2025-25500

An issue in CosmWasm prior to v2.2.0 allows attackers to bypass capability restrictions in blockchains by exploiting a lack of runtime capability validation. This allows attackers to deploy a contract without capability enforcement, and execute unauthorized actions on the blockchain...

CVE-2025-25500

An issue in CosmWasm prior to v2.2.0 allows attackers to bypass capability restrictions in blockchains by exploiting a lack of runtime capability validation. This allows attackers to deploy a contract without capability enforcement, and execute unauthorized actions on the blockchain...

CVE-2025-25500

An issue in CosmWasm prior to v2.2.0 allows attackers to bypass capability restrictions in blockchains by exploiting a lack of runtime capability validation. This allows attackers to deploy a contract without capability enforcement, and execute unauthorized actions on the blockchain...

Deserialization of Untrusted Data

Overview github.com/cosmos/ibc-go/v7/modules/core/04-channel/keeper is an interblockchain communication protocol IBC implementation in Golang built as a SDK module. Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Deserialization of Untrusted Data due to inconsistencies in the deserialization...

Deserialization of Untrusted Data

Overview Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Deserialization of Untrusted Data due to inconsistencies in the deserialization process of acknowledgments, leading to non-deterministic behavior that can halt a blockchain network. Note: This is only exploitable if the attacker has the...

Deserialization of Untrusted Data

Overview Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Deserialization of Untrusted Data due to inconsistencies in the deserialization process of acknowledgments, leading to non-deterministic behavior that can halt a blockchain network. Note: This is only exploitable if the attacker has the...

Deserialization of Untrusted Data

Overview github.com/cosmos/ibc-go/v10/modules/core/04-channel/keeper is an interblockchain communication protocol IBC implementation in Golang built as a SDK module. Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Deserialization of Untrusted Data due to inconsistencies in the deserialization...

Improper Handling of Exceptional Conditions

Overview Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Improper Handling of Exceptional Conditions through the EndBlocker process. An attacker can cause the blockchain to halt by submitting malicious proposals that trigger errors in this process. Remediation Upgrade...