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Vega is a visualization grammar, a declarative format for creating, saving, and sharing interactive visualization designs.lassoAppend' function accepts 3 arguments and internally invokes pushfunction on the 1st argument specifying array consisting of 2nd and 3rd arguments aspushcall argument. The type of the 1st argument is supposed to be an array, but it's not enforced. This makes it possible to specify any object with apushfunction as the 1st argument,pushfunction can be set to any function that can be access viaevent.view(no all such functions can be exploited due to invalid context or signature, but some can, e.g.console.log). The issue is thatlassoAppenddoesn't enforce proper types of its arguments. This issue opens various XSS vectors, but exact impact and severity depends on the environment (e.g. Core JSsetImmediatepolyfill basically allowseval`-like functionality). This issue was patched in 5.23.0.