The Bitcoin protocol, as used in bitcoind before 0.4.4, wxBitcoin, Bitcoin-Qt, and other programs, does not properly handle multiple transactions with the same identifier, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (unspendable transaction) by leveraging the ability to create a duplicate coinbase transaction.
r6.ca/blog/20120206T005236Z.html
sourceforge.net/mailarchive/forum.php?thread_name=CAPg%2BsBhmGHnMResVxPDZdfpmWTb9uqD0RrQD7oSXBQq7oHpm8g%40mail.gmail.com&forum_name=bitcoin-development
bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=67738.0
bugs.gentoo.org/show_bug.cgi?id=407793
en.bitcoin.it/wiki/BIP_0030
en.bitcoin.it/wiki/CVEs
github.com/sipa/bitcoin/commit/a206b0ea12eb4606b93323268fc81a4f1f952531