📄 Samsung QuramDng Out-Of-Bounds Write

BACKGROUND
    
    Samsung Android uses an internal DNG decoding library, QuramDng in libimagecodec.quram.so, to decode images in com.samsung.ipservice and com.samsung.gallery3d. Samsung Gallery will decode and render DNG images in content://media/external/file with QuramDng. com.samsung.ipservice will decode DNG images in content://media/external/file shortly after the MEDIA_SCANNER_SCAN_FILE broadcast intent is sent with QuramDng.
    
    VULNERABILITY DETAILS
    
    planes = mainIfd->fSamplesPerPixel; /*** 1 ***/
    PixelType = QuramDngIFD::getPixelType(mainIfd);
    image = QuramDngImage::initialize(dng_image, &tileArea, planes, PixelType); /*** 2 ***/
    QuramDngIFD::readImage(mainIfd, stream, image)
    
    The SamplesPerPixel metadata in the TIFF header indicates the number of planes (color components), and the QuramDngPixelBuffer is allocated with the size width x height x planes.
    
    do {
      dst_pixel = (_BYTE *)(row_base_addr + pixel_buffer->fPlanes * col);
      *dst_pixel = *(src_pixel - 2);      /*** 3 ***/
      dst_pixel[1] = *(src_pixel - 1);
      dst_pixel[2] = *src_pixel;
      src_data += 4;
    } while (col < tile_r - tile_l)
    
    QuramDngReadImage::decodeLossyJpeg checks to ensure the embedded jpeg's width and height match, but assumes there is enough room for 3 planes. When a SamplesPerPixel value of less than 3 is provided, it leads to an out-of-bounds write.
    
    Note: This bug is very similar to CVE-2025-43300 in Apple's RawImage DNG decoder.
    VERSION
    
    Samsung Galaxy S24 Ultra One UI Version: 7.0 Android version: 15 Versions: S928BOXM4BYH1
    
    Tested on updated S22-S24 and Z Fold/Flip 4
    
    Dates back to at least One UI 6 (Oct 2023). Tested with Samsung Auto Blocker enabled (note the images are not decoded within the messengers, so the hwui.so doDecode modification doesn't do the decoding).
    
    REPRODUCTION CASE
    
        adb push poc.jpeg file:///storage/emulated/0/Android/media/com.whatsapp/WhatsApp/Media/WhatsApp\ Images
        am broadcast -a android.intent.action.MEDIA_SCANNER_SCAN_FILE -d file:///storage/emulated/0/Android/media/com.whatsapp/WhatsApp/Media/WhatsApp%20Images/poc.jpeg
        Wait roughly ~5 minutes for com.android.ipservice to decode poc.jpeg with QuramDng and crash on write
    
    F DEBUG   : *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***
    F DEBUG   : Build fingerprint: 'samsung/e3qxxx/e3q:15/AP3A.240905.015.A2/S928BXXS4BYH1:user/release-keys'
    F DEBUG   : Revision: '13'
    F DEBUG   : ABI: 'arm64'
    F DEBUG   : Processor: '5'
    F DEBUG   : Process uptime: 12s
    F DEBUG   : Cmdline: com.samsung.ipservice
    F DEBUG   : pid: 20709, tid: 20866, name: pool-4-thread-2  >>> com.samsung.ipservice <<<
    F DEBUG   : uid: 5004
    F DEBUG   : tagged_addr_ctrl: 0000000000000001 (PR_TAGGED_ADDR_ENABLE)
    F DEBUG   : pac_enabled_keys: 000000000000000f (PR_PAC_APIAKEY, PR_PAC_APIBKEY, PR_PAC_APDAKEY, PR_PAC_APDBKEY)
    F DEBUG   : signal 11 (SIGSEGV), code 2 (SEGV_ACCERR), fault addr 0xb400007339620000
    F DEBUG   :     x0  0000000000000001  x1  0000000000000001  x2  0000000000000001  x3  0000000000000000
    F DEBUG   :     x4  0000000000000438  x5  0000000000000000  x6  0000000000000000  x7  0000000000000080
    F DEBUG   :     x8  b400007486e28180  x9  000000000000fffc  x10 0000000000003fff  x11 b4000072e961d002
    F DEBUG   :     x12 0000000000003fff  x13 b40000733961fffe  x14 000000000000003f  x15 b40000733961c000
    F DEBUG   :     x16 b40000732961cffe  x17 0000000000004000  x18 00000073c40d4000  x19 00000073c54528a8
    F DEBUG   :     x20 b4000072e961d000  x21 b4000075f6d95890  x22 00000000000002da  x23 00000073c5452860
    F DEBUG   :     x24 0000000040000000  x25 00000073c5455940  x26 0000000000004000  x27 0000000000004000
    F DEBUG   :     x28 00000073c5452858  x29 00000073c5452620
    F DEBUG   :     lr  00000073c0ec066c  sp  00000073c5452600  pc  00000073c0ec0768  pst 0000000080001000
    F DEBUG   : 33 total frames
    F DEBUG   : backtrace:
    F DEBUG   :       #00 pc 0000000000257768  /system/lib64/libimagecodec.quram.so (QuramDngReadImage::decodeLossyJPEG(QuramDngImage&, QuramDngRect&, unsigned int, unsigned int, unsigned int, unsigned int, std::__1::unique_ptr<char [], std::__1::default_delete<char []>>&, bool)+528) (BuildId: 616cea8390d023e14fa3852e064cde4d60748e97)
    F DEBUG   :       #01 pc 0000000000255f6c  /system/lib64/libimagecodec.quram.so (QuramDngReadImage::readTile(QuramDngIFD&, QuramDngStream&, QuramDngImage&, QuramDngRect&, unsigned int, unsigned int, unsigned int, std::__1::unique_ptr<char [], std::__1::default_delete<char []>>&, unsigned int, std::__1::unique_ptr<char [], std::__1::default_delete<char []>>&, unsigned int, std::__1::unique_ptr<char [], std::__1::default_delete<char []>>&, unsigned int, bool)+324) (BuildId: 616cea8390d023e14fa3852e064cde4d60748e97)
    F DEBUG   :       #02 pc 0000000000255b5c  /system/lib64/libimagecodec.quram.so (QuramDngReadImage::read(QuramDngIFD&, QuramDngStream&, QuramDngImage&)+2168) (BuildId: 616cea8390d023e14fa3852e064cde4d60748e97)
    F DEBUG   :       #03 pc 0000000000242fc0  /system/lib64/libimagecodec.quram.so (QuramDngIFD::readImage(QuramDngStream&, QuramDngImage&)+68) (BuildId: 616cea8390d023e14fa3852e064cde4d60748e97)
    F DEBUG   :       #04 pc 0000000000238100  /system/lib64/libimagecodec.quram.so (QuramDngDecoder::readStage1Image()+224) (BuildId: 616cea8390d023e14fa3852e064cde4d60748e97)
    F DEBUG   :       #05 pc 0000000000236570  /system/lib64/libimagecodec.quram.so (QuramDngDecoder::decode(decInfo*)+288) (BuildId: 616cea8390d023e14fa3852e064cde4d60748e97)
    F DEBUG   :       #06 pc 0000000000236108  /system/lib64/libimagecodec.quram.so (QuramDngDecoder::decode(unsigned char*, decInfo*)+100) (BuildId: 616cea8390d023e14fa3852e064cde4d60748e97)
    F DEBUG   :       #07 pc 00000000002259c4  /system/lib64/libimagecodec.quram.so (decodeDNGImageBuffer+96) (BuildId: 616cea8390d023e14fa3852e064cde4d60748e97)
    F DEBUG   :       #08 pc 00000000000c36b4  /system/lib64/libimagecodec.quram.so (Java_com_quramsoft_images_QuramDngBitmap_DecodeDNGImageBufferJNI+1216) (BuildId: 616cea8390d023e14fa3852e064cde4d60748e97)
    F DEBUG   :       #09 pc 0000000000344500  /apex/com.android.art/lib64/libart.so (art_quick_generic_jni_trampoline+144) (BuildId: 80d2ab18f9d259d8e546c1e6bae752b1)
    F DEBUG   :       #10 pc 00000000006899d8  /apex/com.android.art/lib64/libart.so (nterp_helper+2152) (BuildId: 80d2ab18f9d259d8e546c1e6bae752b1)
    F DEBUG   :       #11 pc 0000000000086ea8  /system/priv-app/IPService/IPService.apk (com.quramsoft.images.QuramDngBitmap.decodeFile+320)
    F DEBUG   :       #12 pc 0000000000689208  /apex/com.android.art/lib64/libart.so (nterp_helper+152) (BuildId: 80d2ab18f9d259d8e546c1e6bae752b1)
    F DEBUG   :       #13 pc 000000000008449a  /system/priv-app/IPService/IPService.apk (com.quramsoft.images.QrBitmapFactory.decodeFile+38)
    F DEBUG   :       #14 pc 00000000006891a4  /apex/com.android.art/lib64/libart.so (nterp_helper+52) (BuildId: 80d2ab18f9d259d8e546c1e6bae752b1)
    F DEBUG   :       #15 pc 00000000000ef34c  /system/priv-app/IPService/IPService.apk (com.samsung.ipservice.common.h.a+220)
    F DEBUG   :       #16 pc 000000000068a0c4  /apex/com.android.art/lib64/libart.so (nterp_helper+3924) (BuildId: 80d2ab18f9d259d8e546c1e6bae752b1)
    F DEBUG   :       #17 pc 000000000006d664  /system/priv-app/IPService/IPService.apk (c0.d.j+516)
    F DEBUG   :       #18 pc 000000000068a0c4  /apex/com.android.art/lib64/libart.so (nterp_helper+3924) (BuildId: 80d2ab18f9d259d8e546c1e6bae752b1)
    F DEBUG   :       #19 pc 000000000006de6c  /system/priv-app/IPService/IPService.apk (c0.d.d+184)
    F DEBUG   :       #20 pc 000000000068a0c4  /apex/com.android.art/lib64/libart.so (nterp_helper+3924) (BuildId: 80d2ab18f9d259d8e546c1e6bae752b1)
    F DEBUG   :       #21 pc 0000000000056d00  /system/priv-app/IPService/IPService.apk (Y.a.run+48)
    F DEBUG   :       #22 pc 00000000004a2ddc  /data/misc/apexdata/com.android.art/dalvik-cache/arm64/boot.oat (java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call+60)
    F DEBUG   :       #23 pc 00000000004a1e54  /data/misc/apexdata/com.android.art/dalvik-cache/arm64/boot.oat (java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run+164)
    F DEBUG   :       #24 pc 00000000004acd04  /data/misc/apexdata/com.android.art/dalvik-cache/arm64/boot.oat (java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker+676)
    F DEBUG   :       #25 pc 00000000004b0ca8  /data/misc/apexdata/com.android.art/dalvik-cache/arm64/boot.oat (java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run+56)
    F DEBUG   :       #26 pc 00000000003414f0  /data/misc/apexdata/com.android.art/dalvik-cache/arm64/boot.oat (java.lang.Thread.run+64)
    F DEBUG   :       #27 pc 000000000032d194  /apex/com.android.art/lib64/libart.so (art_quick_invoke_stub+612) (BuildId: 80d2ab18f9d259d8e546c1e6bae752b1)
    F DEBUG   :       #28 pc 00000000002de270  /apex/com.android.art/lib64/libart.so (art::ArtMethod::Invoke(art::Thread*, unsigned int*, unsigned int, art::JValue*, char const*)+216) (BuildId: 80d2ab18f9d259d8e546c1e6bae752b1)
    F DEBUG   :       #29 pc 00000000004bfcf4  /apex/com.android.art/lib64/libart.so (art::Thread::CreateCallback(void*)+932) (BuildId: 80d2ab18f9d259d8e546c1e6bae752b1)
    F DEBUG   :       #30 pc 00000000004bf940  /apex/com.android.art/lib64/libart.so (art::Thread::CreateCallbackWithUffdGc(void*)+8) (BuildId: 80d2ab18f9d259d8e546c1e6bae752b1)
    F DEBUG   :       #31 pc 0000000000071ae8  /apex/com.android.runtime/lib64/bionic/libc.so (__pthread_start(void*)+196) (BuildId: a7d3435cebd777f0dc1a07c5e7386036)
    F DEBUG   :       #32 pc 0000000000063be0  /apex/com.android.runtime/lib64/bionic/libc.so (__start_thread+68) (BuildId: a7d3435cebd777f0dc1a07c5e7386036)
    
    CREDIT INFORMATION
    
    Brendon Tiszka of Google Project Zero
    
    This bug is subject to a 90-day disclosure deadline. If a fix for this issue is made available to users before the end of the 90-day deadline, this bug report will become public 30 days after the fix was made available. Otherwise, this bug report will become public at the deadline. The scheduled deadline is 2025-12-10.