Microsoft Internet Explorer MSHTML DOMImplementation Type Confusion

`Throughout November, I plan to release details on vulnerabilities I  
found in web-browsers which I've not released before. This is the  
twentieth entry in that series. Unfortunately I won't be able to  
publish everything within one month at the current rate, so I may  
continue to publish these through December and January.  
  
The below information is available in more detail on my blog at  
http://blog.skylined.nl/20161128001.html. There you can find a repro  
that triggered this issue in addition to the information below.  
  
Follow me on http://twitter.com/berendjanwever for daily browser bugs.  
  
MSIE 8-11 MSHTML DOMImplementation type confusion  
=================================================  
(MS16-009, CVE-2016-0063)  
  
Synopsis  
--------  
A specially crafted web-page can cause a type confusion vulnerability in  
Microsoft Internet Explorer 8 through to 11. An attacker can cause code  
to be executed with a stack layout it does not expect, or have code  
attempt to execute a method of an object using a vftable, when that  
object does not have a vftable. Successful exploitation can lead to  
arbitrary code execution.  
  
Known affected software and attack vectors  
------------------------------------------  
+ Microsoft Internet Explorer 8, 9, 10 and 11  
  
An attacker would need to get a target user to open a specially  
crafted web-page. Disabling Javascript should prevent an attacker  
from triggering the vulnerable code path.  
  
  
Description  
-----------  
I identified two attack vectors to this vulnerability. One of them is  
that Javascript can make a copy of the `hasFeature` method of a  
`DOMImplementation` object in one window and use it as a method of  
another object in another window. Doing so can cause at least two issues  
in the `MSHTML!Method_VARIANTBOOLp_BSTR_o0oVARIANT` function of MSIE:  
* A FailFast exception when the code detects that calling a method of  
an object has not cleaned up the stack as expected; this is because  
the called function appears to expect a different number of arguments  
or a different calling convention. This issue can be triggered by  
changing the line `o.x();` in the repro to `o.x(new Array)`.  
* An out-of-bounds write when `MSHTML!CBase::PrivateGetDispID` is  
called; this is probably caused by a type confusion bug: the code  
expects a `VARIANT` object of one type, but is working on an object  
of a different type.  
  
Exploitation of this attack vector was not attempted. I reversed  
`Method_VARIANTBOOLp_BSTR_o0oVARIANT` only sufficiently to get an idea  
of the root cause, but not enough to determine exactly what is going on  
or how to control the issue for command execution.  
  
Another attack vector is calling the `isPrototypeOf` method of the  
`DOMImplementation` interface as a function: this results in type  
confusion where a C++ object is assumed to implement `IUnknown` when in  
fact it does not. The code attempts to call the `IUnknown::Release`  
method, expecting a vftable to be stored at offset 0, but since the  
object has no vftables, a member property is stored at this offset,  
which appears to have a static value `002dc6c0`. An attacker that is  
able to control this value, or allocate memory and store data at that  
address, may be able to execute arbitrary code.  
  
No attempts were made to further reverse the code and determine the  
exact root cause. A few attempts were made to control the value at  
offset 0 of the object in question, as well as get another object in its  
place with a different value at this location, but both efforts were  
brief and unsuccessful.  
  
Time-line  
---------  
* September 2015: This vulnerability was found through fuzzing.  
* October 2015: This vulnerability was submitted to ZDI.  
* November 2015: This vulnerability was acquired by ZDI.  
* February 2016: This issue was addressed by Microsoft in MS16-009.  
* November 2016: Details of this issue are released.  
  
Cheers,  
  
SkyLined  
  
  
1 Repro.svg  
  
<script xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">  
window.exploit = function(w) {  
o={x:w.DOMImplementation(0).prototype.hasAFeature};  
o.x();  
};  
open("1 Target.html");  
</script>  
  
1 Target.html  
  
<script>  
opener.exploit(window);  
</script>  
  
`