9.8 High
CVSS3
Attack Vector
NETWORK
Attack Complexity
LOW
Privileges Required
NONE
User Interaction
NONE
Scope
UNCHANGED
Confidentiality Impact
HIGH
Integrity Impact
HIGH
Availability Impact
HIGH
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
10 High
CVSS2
Access Vector
NETWORK
Access Complexity
LOW
Authentication
NONE
Confidentiality Impact
COMPLETE
Integrity Impact
COMPLETE
Availability Impact
COMPLETE
AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C
0.465 Medium
EPSS
Percentile
97.4%
H2 Console in versions since 1.1.100 (2008-10-14) to 2.0.204 (2021-12-21) inclusive allows loading of custom classes from remote servers through JNDI.
H2 Console doesn’t accept remote connections by default. If remote access was enabled explicitly and some protection method (such as security constraint) wasn’t set, an intruder can load own custom class and execute its code in a process with H2 Console (H2 Server process or a web server with H2 Console servlet).
It is also possible to load them by creation a linked table in these versions, but it requires ADMIN
privileges and user with ADMIN
privileges has full access to the Java process by design. These privileges should never be granted to untrusted users.
Since version 2.0.206 H2 Console and linked tables explicitly forbid attempts to specify LDAP URLs for JNDI. Only local data sources can be used.
H2 Console should never be available to untrusted users.
-webAllowOthers
is a dangerous setting that should be avoided.
H2 Console Servlet deployed on a web server can be protected with a security constraint:
https://h2database.com/html/tutorial.html#usingH2ConsoleServlet
If webAllowOthers
is specified, you need to uncomment and edit <security-role>
and <security-constraint>
as necessary. See documentation of your web server for more details.
This issue was found and privately reported to H2 team by JFrog Security’s vulnerability research team with detailed information.
github.com/h2database/h2database
github.com/h2database/h2database/releases/tag/version-2.0.206
github.com/h2database/h2database/security/advisories/GHSA-h376-j262-vhq6
jfrog.com/blog/the-jndi-strikes-back-unauthenticated-rce-in-h2-database-console
lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2022/02/msg00017.html
nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-42392
security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20220119-0001
www.debian.org/security/2022/dsa-5076
www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuapr2022.html
www.secpod.com/blog/log4shell-critical-remote-code-execution-vulnerability-in-h2database-console
9.8 High
CVSS3
Attack Vector
NETWORK
Attack Complexity
LOW
Privileges Required
NONE
User Interaction
NONE
Scope
UNCHANGED
Confidentiality Impact
HIGH
Integrity Impact
HIGH
Availability Impact
HIGH
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
10 High
CVSS2
Access Vector
NETWORK
Access Complexity
LOW
Authentication
NONE
Confidentiality Impact
COMPLETE
Integrity Impact
COMPLETE
Availability Impact
COMPLETE
AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C
0.465 Medium
EPSS
Percentile
97.4%