lib/classes/grades_external.php in Moodle 2.7.x before 2.7.3 does not consider the moodle/grade:viewhidden capability before displaying hidden grades, which allows remote authenticated users to obtain sensitive information by leveraging the student role to access the get_grades web service.
git.moodle.org/gw?p=moodle.git&a=search&h=HEAD&st=commit&s=MDL-47766
openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2014/11/17/11
github.com/moodle/moodle
github.com/moodle/moodle/commit/3b8876f5ef2b5cde1e9de2599efd03d02bdaf7d8
moodle.org/mod/forum/discuss.php?d=275153
nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-7831
web.archive.org/web/20150914064838/www.securitytracker.com/id/1031215