The Struts 2 DefaultActionMapper supports a method for short-circuit navigation state changes by prefixing parameters with βaction:β or βredirect:β, followed by a desired navigational target expression. This mechanism was intended to help with attaching navigational information to buttons within forms.
In Struts 2 before 2.3.15.1 the information following βaction:β, βredirect:β or βredirectAction:β is not properly sanitized. Since said information will be evaluated as OGNL expression against the value stack, this introduces the possibility to inject server side code.
archiva.apache.org/security.html
cxsecurity.com/issue/WLB-2014010087
packetstormsecurity.com/files/159629/Apache-Struts-2-Remote-Code-Execution.html
seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2013/Oct/96
seclists.org/oss-sec/2014/q1/89
struts.apache.org/release/2.3.x/docs/s2-016.html
tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20131023-struts2
www.fujitsu.com/global/support/software/security/products-f/interstage-bpm-analytics-201301e.html
exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/90392
github.com/apache/struts
github.com/apache/struts/commit/3cfe34fefedcf0fdcfcb061c0aea34a715b7de6
github.com/apache/struts/commit/630e1ba065a8215c4e9ac03bfb09be9d655c2b6e
issues.apache.org/jira/browse/WW-4140
nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2013-2251