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Upstream acknowledges Andrew Carpenter (Critical Juncture) as the original reporter of CVE-2016-6316; and joernchen (Phenoelit) as the original reporter of CVE-2016-6317.", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "NONE", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 7.5, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.0"}, "impactScore": 3.6}, "published": "2016-09-13T09:49:49", "type": "redhat", "title": "(RHSA-2016:1855) Moderate: rh-ror42 security update", "bulletinFamily": "unix", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "NONE", "availabilityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 5.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:N/I:P/A:N", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 2.9, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2016-6316", "CVE-2016-6317"], "modified": "2018-04-23T07:41:48", "id": "RHSA-2016:1855", "href": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2016:1855", "cvss": {"score": 5.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:N/I:P/A:N"}}], "ubuntucve": [{"lastseen": "2022-08-04T14:09:13", "description": "Action Record in Ruby on Rails 4.2.x before 4.2.7.1 does not properly\nconsider differences in parameter handling between the Active Record\ncomponent and the JSON implementation, which allows remote attackers to\nbypass intended database-query restrictions and perform NULL checks or\ntrigger missing WHERE clauses via a crafted request, as demonstrated by\ncertain \"[nil]\" values, a related issue to CVE-2012-2660, CVE-2012-2694,\nand CVE-2013-0155.\n\n#### Bugs\n\n * <http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=834154>\n\n\n#### Notes\n\nAuthor| Note \n---|--- \n[seth-arnold](<https://launchpad.net/~seth-arnold>) | In Oneiric-Saucy, rails package is just for transition; The rails package contains actual code from vivid onward \n[ebarretto](<https://launchpad.net/~ebarretto>) | Only Active Record &gt;= 4.2.0 are affected\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "NONE", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N", "version": "3.0", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 3.6}, "published": "2016-09-07T00:00:00", "type": "ubuntucve", "title": "CVE-2016-6317", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "NONE", "availabilityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 5.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:N/I:P/A:N", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 2.9, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2012-2660", "CVE-2012-2694", "CVE-2013-0155", "CVE-2016-6317"], "modified": "2016-09-07T00:00:00", "id": "UB:CVE-2016-6317", "href": "https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2016-6317", "cvss": {"score": 5.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:N/I:P/A:N"}}], "hackerone": [{"lastseen": "2023-02-03T01:51:28", "bounty": 1500.0, "description": "# Unsafe Query Generation Risk in Active Record \n\nThere is a vulnerability when Active Record is used in conjunction with JSON \nparameter parsing. This vulnerability has been assigned the CVE identifier \nCVE-2016-6317. This vulnerability is similar to CVE-2012-2660, CVE-2012-2694 \nand CVE-2013-0155. \n\nVersions Affected: >= 4.2.0 \nNot affected: < 4.2.0, >= 5.0.0 \nFixed Versions: 4.2.7.1 \n\nImpact \n------ \n\nDue to the way Active Record interprets parameters in combination with the way that JSON parameters are parsed, it is possible for an attacker to issue unexpected database queries with \"IS NULL\" or empty where clauses. This issue does *not* let an attacker insert arbitrary values into an SQL query, however they can cause the query to check for NULL or eliminate a WHERE clause when most users wouldn't expect it. \n\nFor example, a system has password reset with token functionality: \n\n unless params[:token].nil? \n user = User.find_by_token(params[:token]) \n user.reset_password! \n end \n\nAn attacker can craft a request such that `params[:token]` will return `[nil]`. The `[nil]` value will bypass the test for nil, but will still add an \"IN ('xyz', NULL)\" clause to the SQL query. \n\nSimilarly, an attacker can craft a request such that `params[:token]` will return an empty hash. An empty hash will eliminate the WHERE clause of the query, but can bypass the `nil?` check. \n\nNote that this impacts not only dynamic finders (`find_by_*`) but also relations (`User.where(:name => params[:name])`). \n\nAll users running an affected release should either upgrade or use one of the work arounds immediately. All users running an affected release should upgrade immediately. Please note, this vulnerability is a variant of CVE-2012-2660, CVE-2012-2694, and CVE-2013-0155. Even if you upgraded to address those issues, you must take action again. \n\nIf this chance in behavior impacts your application, you can manually decode the original values from the request like so: \n\n ActiveSupport::JSON.decode(request.body) \n\nReleases \n-------- \nThe FIXED releases are available at the normal locations. \n\nWorkarounds \n----------- \nThis problem can be mitigated by casting the parameter to a string before passing it to Active Record. For example: \n\n unless params[:token].nil? || params[:token].to_s.empty? \n user = User.find_by_token(params[:token].to_s) \n user.reset_password! \n end \n\n\nPatches \n------- \nTo aid users who aren't able to upgrade immediately we have provided patches for \nthe two supported release series. They are in git-am format and consist of a \nsingle changeset. \n\n* 4-2-unsafe-query-generation.patch - Patch for 4.2 series \n\nPlease note that only the 5.0.x and 4.2.x series are supported at present. Users \nof earlier unsupported releases are advised to upgrade as soon as possible as we \ncannot guarantee the continued availability of security fixes for unsupported \nreleases. \n\nCredits \n------- \n\nThanks to joernchen of Phenoelit for reporting this!", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "NONE", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N", "version": "3.0", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 3.6}, "published": "2016-05-17T13:38:03", "type": "hackerone", "title": "Ruby on Rails: Unsafe Query Generation (CVE-2012-2660, CVE-2012-2694 and CVE-2013-0155) mitigation bypass", "bulletinFamily": "bugbounty", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, 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WHERE clauses via a crafted request, as demonstrated by certain \"[nil]\" values, a related issue to CVE-2012-2660, CVE-2012-2694, and CVE-2013-0155.", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "NONE", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N", "version": "3.0", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 3.6}, "published": "2016-09-07T19:28:00", "type": "debiancve", "title": "CVE-2016-6317", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "NONE", "availabilityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 5.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:N/I:P/A:N", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 2.9, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2012-2660", "CVE-2012-2694", "CVE-2013-0155", "CVE-2016-6317"], "modified": "2016-09-07T19:28:00", "id": "DEBIANCVE:CVE-2016-6317", "href": "https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2016-6317", "cvss": {"score": 5.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:N/I:P/A:N"}}], "osv": [{"lastseen": "2023-03-28T05:37:49", "description": "Action Record in Ruby on Rails 4.2.x before 4.2.7.1 does not properly consider differences in parameter handling between the Active Record component and the JSON implementation, which allows remote attackers to bypass intended database-query restrictions and perform NULL checks or trigger missing WHERE clauses via a crafted request, as demonstrated by certain \"[nil]\" values, a related issue to CVE-2012-2660, CVE-2012-2694, and CVE-2013-0155.", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": 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"cvelist": ["CVE-2012-2660", "CVE-2012-2694", "CVE-2013-0155", "CVE-2016-6317"], "modified": "2023-03-28T05:37:47", "id": "OSV:GHSA-PR3R-4WRP-R2PV", "href": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/GHSA-pr3r-4wrp-r2pv", "cvss": {"score": 6.4, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:N"}}], "cve": [{"lastseen": "2023-02-09T14:15:48", "description": "Action Record in Ruby on Rails 4.2.x before 4.2.7.1 does not properly consider differences in parameter handling between the Active Record component and the JSON implementation, which allows remote attackers to bypass intended database-query restrictions and perform NULL checks or trigger missing WHERE clauses via a crafted request, as demonstrated by certain \"[nil]\" values, a related issue to CVE-2012-2660, CVE-2012-2694, and CVE-2013-0155.", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "NONE", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "NONE", 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"description": "\n\nRuby Security team reports:\n\nThere is a vulnerability when Active Record is used in conjunction with JSON\nparameter parsing. This vulnerability has been assigned the CVE identifier\nCVE-2016-6317. This vulnerability is similar to CVE-2012-2660, CVE-2012-2694\nand CVE-2013-0155.\n\n\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "NONE", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 7.5, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.0"}, "impactScore": 3.6}, "published": "2016-08-11T00:00:00", "type": "freebsd", "title": "Rails 4 -- Unsafe Query Generation Risk in Active Record", "bulletinFamily": "unix", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.4, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:N", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 4.9, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2012-2660", "CVE-2012-2694", "CVE-2013-0155", "CVE-2016-6317"], "modified": "2016-08-11T00:00:00", "id": "7E61CF44-6549-11E6-8286-00248C0C745D", "href": "https://vuxml.freebsd.org/freebsd/7e61cf44-6549-11e6-8286-00248c0c745d.html", "cvss": {"score": 6.4, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:N"}}], "gitlab": [{"lastseen": "2022-06-09T23:07:26", "description": "There is a vulnerability when Active Record is used in conjunction with JSON parameter parsing. This vulnerability is similar to CVE-2012-2660, CVE-2012-2694 and CVE-2013-0155.", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "NONE", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N", "version": "3.0", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 3.6}, "published": "2016-09-07T00:00:00", "type": "gitlab", "title": "Unsafe Query Generation Risk", "bulletinFamily": "software", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "NONE", "availabilityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 5.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:N/I:P/A:N", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 2.9, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2012-2660", "CVE-2012-2694", "CVE-2013-0155", "CVE-2016-6317"], "modified": "2016-09-07T00:00:00", "id": "GITLAB-5B17B2C7F62600B3015EE653C58C39C1", "href": "https://gitlab.com/api/v4/projects/12006272/repository/files/gem%2Factiverecord%2FCVE-2016-6317.yml/raw", "cvss": {"score": 5.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:N/I:P/A:N"}}], "github": [{"lastseen": "2023-03-14T02:10:48", "description": "Action Record in Ruby on Rails 4.2.x before 4.2.7.1 does not properly consider differences in parameter handling between the Active Record component and the JSON implementation, which allows remote attackers to bypass intended database-query restrictions and perform NULL checks or trigger missing WHERE clauses via a crafted request, as demonstrated by certain \"[nil]\" values, a related issue to CVE-2012-2660, CVE-2012-2694, and CVE-2013-0155.", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "NONE", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N", "version": "3.0", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 3.6}, "published": "2017-10-24T18:33:35", "type": "github", "title": "ActiveRecord in Ruby on Rails allows database-query bypass", "bulletinFamily": "software", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "NONE", "availabilityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 5.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:N/I:P/A:N", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 2.9, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2012-2660", "CVE-2012-2694", "CVE-2013-0155", "CVE-2016-6317"], "modified": "2023-01-09T05:03:23", "id": "GHSA-PR3R-4WRP-R2PV", "href": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-pr3r-4wrp-r2pv", "cvss": {"score": 5.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:N/I:P/A:N"}}]}